Subducted slabs and lateral viscosity variations: Effects on the long-wavelength geoid

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 179, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 813-826

  Tosi, Nicola ^a   ̌adek, Ondřej ^a   Martinec, Zdeňk ^a,b  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

Author keywords

Dynamics: gravity and tectonics; Gravity anomalies and earth structure; Numerical solutions; Subduction zone processes

Indexed keywords

CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; DEFORMATION; GEOID; GRAVITY ANOMALY; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; LOWER MANTLE; NUMERICAL METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL; SLAB; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TOPOGRAPHY; UPPER MANTLE; VISCOSITY; WAVELENGTH;

EID: 70350654080     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04335.x     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Barrett R. Templates for the Solution of Linear Systems: Building Blocks for Iterative Methods 1994, 2nd edn, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA
2. Becker TW, Boschi L. A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2002, 3. doi
3. B̌hounková M, ̌ížkov H. Long-wavelength character of subducted slabs in the lower mantle. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 275:43-53. doi
4. Billen MI, Gurnis M. A low viscosity wedge in subduction zones. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 193:227-236.
5. ̌adek O, Fleitout L. A global geoid model with imposed plate velocities and partial layering. J. geophys. Res. 1999, 104(B12):29 055-29 075.
6. ̌adek O, Fleitout L. Effect of lateral viscosity variations in the top 300 km on the geoid and dynamic topography. Geophys. J. Int. 2003, 152:566-580.
7. ̌adek O, Fleitout L. Effect of lateral viscosity variations in the core-mantle boundary region on predictions of the long-wavelength geoid. Stud. Geophys. Geod. 2006, 50:217-232.
8. ̌adek O, ̌ížkov H, Yuen D. Can long-wavelength dynamical signature be compatible with layered mantle convection?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1997, 24:2091-2094.
9. Capitanio F, Morra G, Goes S. Dynamic models of downgoing plate-buoyancy driven subduction: subduction motions and energy dissipation. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 262:284-297. doi
10. Chen J, King S. The influence of temperature and depth dependent viscosity on geoid and topography profiles from models of mantle convection. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 1998, 106:75-91.
11. Conrad C, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. How mantle slabs drive plate tectonics. Science 2002, 298:207-209.
12. Conrad C, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. The temporal evolution of plate driving forces: importance of " slab suction" versus " slab pull" during the Cenozoic. J. geophys. Res. 2004, 109:B10407. doi
13. Conrad C, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Influence of continental roots and asthenosphere on plate-mantle coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L05312. doi
14. Corrieu V, Thoraval C, Ricard Y. Mantle dynamics and geoid Green functions. Geophys. J. Int. 1995, 120:516-523.
15. Dahlen F. On the static deformation of an earth model with a fluid core. Geophys, J.R. astr. Soc. 1974, 36:461-485.
16. Davies G. Regional compensation of subducting lithosphere: effects on geoid, gravity and topography from a preliminary model. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 1981, 54:431-444.
17. Dumoulin C, Doin M, Fleitout L. Heat transport in stagnant lid convection with temperature- and pressure-dependent Newtonian or non-Newtonian rheology. J. geophys. Res. 1999, 104(B6):12 759-12 777.
18. Förste C. A mean global gravity field model from the combination of satellite mission and altimetry/gravimetry surface gravity data. Geophys. Res. Abs. 2006, 8:03462.
19. Forte AM, Peltier R. Viscous flow models of global geophysical observables. 1. Forward problems. J. geophys. Res. 1991, 96(B12):20 131-20 159.
20. Forte AM, Woodward R. Seismic-geodynamic constraints on three-dimensional structure, vertical flow, and heat transfer in the mantle. J. geophys. Res. 1997, 102(B8):17 981-17 994.
21. Forte A, Peltier W, Dziewonski A, Woodward R. Dynamic surface topography: a new interpretation based upon mantle flow models derived from seismic tomography. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1993, 20:1665-1666.
22. Fukao Y, Widiyantoro S, Obayashi M. Stagnant slabs in the upper and lower mantle transition region. Rev. Geophys. 2001, 39(3):291-323.
23. Funiciello F, Faccenna C, Heuret A, Lallemand S, Giuseppe ED, Becker T. Trench migration, net rotation and slabmantle coupling. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 271:233-240. doi
24. Goes S, Capitanio F, Morra G. Evidence of lower-mantle slab penetration phases in plate motions. Nature 2008, 451:981-984. doi
25. Gordon R, Richards M, Gordon R, der Hilst RV. Diffuse oceanic plate boundaries: strain rates, vertically averaged rheology, and comparisons with narrow plate boundaries and stable plate interiors. History and Dynamics of Global Plate Motions 2000, 143-159. in, Geophysical Monograph Series 121, pp, eds, American Geophysics Union, Washington, DC
26. Hager BH. Subducted slabs and the geoid: constraints on mantle rheology and flow. J. geophys. Res. 1984, 89:6003-6016.
27. Hager BH, Clayton R, Peltier W. Constraints on the structure of mantle convection using seismic observations, flow models, and the geoid. Mantle Convection, Plate Tectonics and Global Dynamics 1989, 657-763. in, pp, ed., Gordon and Breach, New York, NY
28. Hall R, Spakman W. Subducted slabs beneath the eastern Indonesia-Tonga region: insights from tomography. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 201:321-336. doi
29. Ito E, Sato H. Aseismicity in the lower mantle by superplasticity of the descending slab. Nature 1991, 351:140-141.
30. Kaban M, Rogozhina I, Trubitsyn V. Importance of lateral viscosity variations in the whole mantle for modelling of the dynamic geoid and surface velocities. J. Geodyn. 2008, 43:262-273. doi
31. Kárason H, van der Hilst R. Tomographic imaging of the lowermost mantle with differential times of refracted and diffracted core phases (pkp, pkpdiff). J. geophys. Res. 2001, 106:6569-6587.
32. Karato S, Wu P. Rheology of the upper mantle: a synthesis. Nature 1993, 260:771-778.
33. Karpychev M, Fleitout L. Simple considerations on forces driving plate motion and on plate-tectonic contribution to the long-wavelength geoid. Geophys. J. Int. 1996, 127:268-282.
34. Kaula W, Robertson E. Global gravity and tectonics. The Nature of the Solid Earth 1972, 386-405. in, pp, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York
35. Kido M, ̌adek O. Inferences of viscosity from the oceanic geoid: indication of a low viscosity zone below the 660-km discontinuity. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 1997, 151:125-137.
36. Kiefer W, Kellogg L. Geoid anomalies and dynamic topography from time-dependent, spherical axisymmetric mantle convection. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 1998, 106:237-256.
37. King S, Masters G. An inversion for radial viscosity structure using mantle tomography. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1992, 19:1551-1554.
38. King SD. Radial models of mantle viscosity: results from a genetic algorithm. Geophys. J. Int. 1995, 122:725-734.
39. King SD. Geoid and topography over subduction zones: the effect of phase transitions. J. geophys. Res. 2002, 107(B1). doi
40. King SD, Hager BH. Subducted slabs and the geoid, 1. Numerical experiments with temperature dependent viscosities. J. geophys. Res. 1994, 99:19 843-19 852.
41. Krien Y, Fleitout L. Gravity above subduction zones and forces controlling plate motions. J. geophys. Res. 2008, 113. doi
42. Le Stunff Y, Ricard Y. Partial advection of equidensity surfaces: a solution for the dynamic topography problem?. J. geophys. Res. 1997, 102(B11):24 655-24 667.
43. Lithgow-Bertelloni C, Richards M. Cenozoic plate driving forces. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1995, 22:1317-1320.
44. Martinec Z. Spectral-finite element approach to three-dimensional viscoelastic relaxation in a spherical Earth. Geophys. J. Int. 2000, 142:117-141.
45. Matyska C. Variational principles for the momentum equation of mantle convection with Newtonian and power-law rheologies. Geophys. J. Int. 1996, 126:281-286.
46. McKenzie D. Surface deformation, gravity anomalies and convection. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 1977, 48:211-238.
47. Mitrovica JX, Forte A. A new inference of mantle viscosity based upon joint inversion of convection and glacial isostatic adjustment data. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2004, 225:177-189.
48. Moresi L, Gurnis M. Constraints on the lateral strength of slabs from three-dimensional dynamic flow models. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 1996, 138:15-28.
49. Moucha R, Forte A, Mitrovica J, Daradich A. Lateral variations in mantle rheology: implications for convection related surface observables and inferred viscosity models. Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 169:113-135.
50. Murakami M, Hirose K, Kawamura K, Sata N, Ohishi Y. Post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3. Science 2004, 304:855-858.
51. Oganov A, Ono S. Theoretical and experimental evidence for a post-perovskite phase of MgSiO3 in earth's D″. Nature 2004, 430:445-448.
52. Oganov A, Ono S. The high pressure phase of alumina and implications for earth's D″ layer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2005, 102:10 828-10 831.
53. Ohta K, Onoda S, Hirose K, Sinmyo R, Shimizu K, Sata N, Ohishi Y, Yasuhara A. The electrical conductivity of post-perovskite in earth's D″ layer. Science 2008, 320:89-91.
54. Ribe NM, Stutzmann E, Ren Y, van der Hilst R. Buckling instabilities of subducted lithosphere beneath the transition zone. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 254:173-179.
55. Ricard Y, Fleitout L, Froidevaux C. Geoid heights and lithospheric stresses for a dynamic Earth. Ann. Geophys. 1984, 2(3):267-286.
56. Ricard Y, Richards M, Lithgow-Bertelloni C, Stunff YL. A geodynamic model of mantle density heterogeneity. J. geophys. Res. 1993, 98(B12):21 895-21 909.
57. Richards MA, Hager BH. Geoid anomalies in a dynamic Earth. J. geophys. Res. 1984, 89(B7):5987-6002.
58. Richards MA, Hager BH. Effects of lateral viscosity variations on long-wavelength geoid anomalies and topography. J. geophys. Res. 1989, 94(B8):10 299-10 313.
59. Riedel M, Karato S. Grain-size evolution in subducted oceanic lithosphere associated with the olivine-spinel transformation and its effect on rheology. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 1997, 148:27-43.
60. Runcorn S. Flow in the mantle inferred from low degree harmonics of the geopotential. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 1967, 14:375-384.
61. Steinberger B. Slabs in the lower mantle - Results of dynamic modelling compared with tomographic images and the geoid. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 2000, 118:241-257.
62. Thoraval C, Richards MA. The geoid constraint in global geodynamics: viscosity structure, mantle heterogeneity models and boundary conditions. Geophys. J. Int. 1997, 131:1-8.
63. Thoraval C, Machetel P, Cazenave A. Locally layered convection inferred from dynamic models of the Earth's mantle. Nature 1995, 375:777-780.
64. Tosi N, Martinec Z. Semi-analytical solution for viscous Stokes flow in two eccentrically nested spheres. Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 170:1015-1030. doi
65. Tosi N, ̌adek O, Martinec Z, Yuen DA, Kaufmann G. Is the long-wavelength geoid sensitive to the presence of postperovskite above the core-mantle boundary?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L05303. doi
66. Trampert J, Deschamps F, Yuen JRD. Probabilistic tomography maps chemical heterogeneities throughout the lower mantle. Science 2004, 306(5697):853-856. doi
67. Tregoning P, Gorbatov A. Evidence for active subduction at the New Guinea trench. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L13608. doi
68. Wen L, Anderson DL. Present-day plate motion constraint on mantle rheology and convection. J. geophys. Res. 1997a, 102(B11):24 639-24 653.
69. Wen L, Anderson DL. Layered mantle convection: a model for geoid and topography. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 1997b, 146:367-377.
70. Yamazaki D, Karato S. Some mineral physics constraints on rheology and geothermal structure of earth's lower mantle. Am. Mineral. 2001, 86:358-391.
71. Yoshida M. Possible effects of lateral viscosity variations induced by plate-tectonic mechanism on geoid inferred from numerical models of mantle convection. Phys. Earth. planet. Int. 2004, 147:67-85. doi
72. Yoshida M, Nakakuki T. Effects on the long-wavelength geoid anomaly of lateral viscosity variations caused by stiff subducting slabs, weak plate margins and lower mantle rheology. Phys. Earth. planet. Int. 2009, 172:278-288. doi
73. Zhang S, Christensen U. Some effects of lateral viscosity variations on geoid and surface velocities induced by density anomalies in the mantle. Geophys. J. Int. 1993, 114:531-547.
74. Zhong S, Davies GF. Effects of plates and slab viscosities on the geoid. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 1999, 170:487-496.
75. Zhong S, Gurnis M. Viscous flow models of a subduction zone with faulted lithosphere: long and short wavelength topography, gravity and geoid. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1992, 19:1891-1894.
76. Zhong S, McNamara A, Tan E, Moresi L, Gurnis M. A benchmark study on mantle convection in a 3-D spherical shell using CitcomS. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2008, 9:Q10017. doi