Neural mechanisms for learned birdsong

Learning and Memory

Volumn 16, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 655-669

  Mooney, Richard ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELL NUCLEUS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DEPOLARIZATION; EVOKED AUDITORY RESPONSE; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; IMITATION; LEARNING; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVE CELL STIMULATION; NERVE POTENTIAL; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; SINGING; SONGBIRD; SPEECH; TELENCEPHALON; VOCALIZATION; WORKING MEMORY;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; FEEDBACK, SENSORY; HUMANS; LEARNING; NEURAL PATHWAYS; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; SONGBIRDS; VOCALIZATION, ANIMAL;

EID: 70350627023     PISSN: 10720502     EISSN: 15495485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/lm.1065209     Document Type: Review

References (178)

1. Adret P. 1993. Operant conditionining, song learning and imprinting to taped song in the zebra finch. Anim Behav 46: 149-159. (Pubitemid 223020893)
2. Akutagawa E, Konishi M. 1994. Two separate areas of the brain differentially guide the development of a song control nucleus in the zebra finch. Proc Natl Acad Sci 91: 12413-12417.
3. Amir O, Amir N, Kishon-Rabin L. 2003. The effect of superior auditory skills on vocal accuracy. J Acoust Soc Am 113: 1102-1108.
4. Andalman AS, Fee MS. 2009. A basal ganglia-forebrain circuit in the songbird biases motor output to avoid vocal errors. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106: 12518-12523.
5. Aronov D, Andalman AS, Fee MS. 2008. A specialized forebrain circuit for vocal babbling in the juvenile songbird. Science 320: 630-634. (Pubitemid 351928339)
6. Ashmore RC, Wild JM, Schmidt MF. 2005. Brainstem and forebrain contributions to the generation of learned motor behaviors for song. J Neurosci 25: 8543-8554.
7. Baptista LF, Petrinovich L. 1984. Social interaction, sensitive phases and the song template hypothesis in the white-crowned sparrow. Anim Behav 32: 172-181.
8. Baptista LF, Petrinovich L. 1986. Song development in the white-crowned sparrow: Social factors and sex differences. Anim Behav 34: 1359-1371.
9. Basham ME, Nordeen EJ, Nordeen KW. 1996. Blockade of NMDA receptors in the anterior forebrain pathway impairs sensory acquisition in the zebra finch. Neurobiol Learn Mem 66: 295-304.
10. Bauer EE, Coleman MJ, Roberts TF, Roy A, Prather JF, Mooney R. 2008. A synaptic basis for auditory-vocal integration in the songbird. J Neurosci 28: 1509-1522. (Pubitemid 351231533)
11. Bolhuis JJ, Gahr M. 2006. Neural mechanisms of birdsong memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 7: 347-357.
12. Bolhuis JJ, Zijlstra GG, den Boer-Visser AM, Van Der Zee EA. 2000. Localized neuronal activation in the zebra finch brain is related to the strength of song learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97: 2282-2285.
13. Bolhuis JJ, Hetebrij E, Den Boer-Visser AM, De Groot JH, Zijlstra GG. 2001. Localized immediate early gene expression related to the strength of song learning in socially reared zebra finches. Eur J Neurosci 13: 2165-2170. (Pubitemid 32578803)
14. Bottjer SW, Miesner EA, Arnold AP. 1984. Forebrain lesions disrupt development but not maintenance of song in passerine birds. Science 224: 901-903.
15. Bottjer SW, Halsema KA, Brown SA, Miesner EA. 1989. Axonal connections of a forebrain nucleus involved with vocal learning in zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 279: 312-326.
16. Bozon B, Kelly A, Josselyn SA, Silva AJ, Davis S, Laroche S. 2003. MAPK, CREB and zif268 are all required for the consolidation of recognition memory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 358: 805-814. (Pubitemid 36536712)
17. Brainard M, Doupe A. 2000. Interruption of a forebrain-basal ganglia circuit prevents plasticity of learned vocalizations. Nature 404: 762-766. (Pubitemid 30212403)
18. Canady RA, Burd GD, DeVoogd TJ, Nottebohm F. 1988. Effect of testosterone on input received by an identified neuron type of the canary song system: A Golgi/electron microscopy/degeneration study. J Neurosci 8: 3770-3784. (Pubitemid 18252067)
19. Cardin JA, Schmidt MF. 2004. Noradrenergic inputs mediate state dependence of auditory responses in the avian song system. J Neurosci 24: 7745-7753.
20. Catchpole C, Slater P. 1995. Bird song: Biological themes and variations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
21. Cheng HY, Clayton DF. 2004. Activation and habituation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in zebra finch auditory forebrain during song presentation. J Neurosci 24: 7503-7513.
22. Chew SJ, Mello C, Nottebohm F, Jarvis E, Vicario DS. 1995. Decrements in auditory responses to a repeated conspecific song are long-lasting and require two periods of protein synthesis in the songbird forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 92: 3406-3410.
23. Chi Z, Margoliash D. 2001. Temporal precision and temporal drift in brain and behavior of zebra finch song. Neuron 32: 899-910. (Pubitemid 34024849)
24. Coleman MJ, Mooney R. 2004. Synaptic transformations underlying highly selective auditory representations of learned birdsong. J Neurosci 24: 7251-7265. (Pubitemid 39100695)
25. Coleman MJ, Roy A, Wild JM, Mooney R. 2007. Thalamic gating of auditory responses in telencephalic song control nuclei. J Neurosci 27: 10024-10036. (Pubitemid 47404007)
26. Dave A, Margoliash D. 2000. Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning. Science 290: 812-816. (Pubitemid 30812181)
27. Deregnaucourt S, Mitra PP, Feher O, Pytte C, Tchernichovski O. 2005. How sleep affects the developmental learning of bird song. Nature 433: 710-716. (Pubitemid 40292973)
28. Ding L, Perkel DJ. 2002. Dopamine modulates excitability of spiny neurons in the avian basal ganglia. J Neurosci 22: 5210-5218. (Pubitemid 37465634)
29. Ding L, Perkel DJ. 2004. Long-term potentiation in an avian basal ganglia nucleus essential for vocal learning. J Neurosci 24: 488-494. (Pubitemid 38112380)
30. Ding L, Perkel DJ, Farries MA. 2003. Presynaptic depression of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by D1-like dopamine receptor activation in the avian basal ganglia. J Neurosci 23: 6086-6095. (Pubitemid 36859446)
31. Doupe AJ. 1997. Song- and order-selective neurons in the songbird anterior forebrain and their emergence during vocal development. J Neurosci 17: 1147-1167. (Pubitemid 27043972)
32. Doupe AJ, Konishi M. 1991. Song-selective auditory circuits in the vocal control system of the zebra finch. Proc Natl Acad Sci 88: 11339-11343. (Pubitemid 21916036)
33. Doupe A, Kuhl P. 1999. Birdsong and human speech: Common themes and mechanisms. Annu Rev Neurosci 22: 567-631. (Pubitemid 29144898)
34. Doupe AJ, Perkel DJ, Reiner A, Stern EA. 2005. Birdbrains could teach basal ganglia research a new song. Trends Neurosci 28: 353-363. (Pubitemid 40853858)
35. Dutar P, Vu HM, Perkel DJ. 1998. Multiple cell types distinguished by physiological, pharmacological, and anatomic properties in nucleus Hvc of the adult zebra finch. J Neurophysiol 80: 1828-1838. (Pubitemid 28489114)
36. Fee M, Leonardo A. 2001. Miniature motorized microdrive and commutator systemfor chronic neural recording in small animals. J Neurosci Methods 112: 83-94. (Pubitemid 33051111)
37. Fiete IR, Hahnloser RH, Fee MS, Seung HS. 2004. Temporal sparseness of the premotor drive is important for rapid learning in a neural network model of birdsong. J Neurophysiol 92: 2274-2282.
38. Fiorillo CD, Newsome WT, Schultz W. 2008. The temporal precision of reward prediction in dopamine neurons. Nat Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nn.2159.
39. Fortune ES, Margoliash D. 1995. Parallel pathways and convergence onto HVc and adjacent neostriatum of adult zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). J Comp Neurol 360: 413-441.
40. Foster EF, Bottjer SW. 1998. Axonal connections of the high vocal center and surrounding cortical regions in juvenile and adult male zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 397: 118-138.
41. Funabiki Y, Konishi M. 2003. Long memory in song learning by zebra finches. J Neurosci 23: 6928-6935. (Pubitemid 36951221)
42. Gale SD, Perkel DJ. 2006. Physiological properties of zebra finch ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta neurons. J Neurophysiol 96: 2295-2306.
43. Gale SD, Person AL, Perkel DJ. 2008. A novel basal ganglia pathway forms a loop linking a vocal learning circuit with its dopaminergic input. J Comp Neurol 508: 824-839.
44. Glaze CM, Troyer TW. 2006. Temporal structure in zebra finch song: Implications for motor coding. J Neurosci 26: 991-1005.
45. Haesler S, Rochefort C, Georgi B, Licznerski P, Osten P, Scharff C. 2007. Incomplete and inaccurate vocal imitation after knockdown of FoxP2 in songbird basal ganglia nucleus area X. PLoS Biol 5: e321. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pbio.0050321. (Pubitemid 351159715)
46. Hahnloser RH, Kozhevnikov AA, Fee MS. 2002. An ultra-sparse code underlies the generation of neural sequences in a songbird. Nature 419: 65-70.
47. Herrmann K, Arnold AP. 1991. The development of afferent projections to the robust archistriatal nucleus in male zebra finches: A quantitative electron microscopic study. J Neurosci 11: 2063-2074.
48. Hessler NA, Doupe AJ. 1999a. Singing-related neural activity in a dorsal forebrain-basal ganglia circuit of adult zebra finches. J Neurosci 19: 10461-10481.
49. Hessler NA, Doupe AJ. 1999b. Social context modulates singing-related neural activity in the songbird forebrain. Nat Neurosci 2: 209-211.
50. Hultsch H, Todt D. 1989a. Memorization and reproduction of songs in nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos): Evidence for package formation. J Comp Physiol [A] 165: 197-203. (Pubitemid 19141225)
51. Hultsch H, Todt D. 1989b. Song acquisition and acquisition constraints in nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos). Natuwissenschaften 76: 83-86.
52. Immelmann K. 1969. Song development in zebra finch and other Estrildid finches. In Bird vocalisations (ed. RA Hinde), pp. 61-74. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
53. Jarvis ED, Scharff C, Grossman MR, Ramos JA, Nottebohm F. 1998. For whom the bird sings: Context dependent gene expression. Neuron 21: 775-788. (Pubitemid 28498786)
54. Jin DZ, Ramazanoglu FM, Seung HS. 2007. Intrinsic bursting enhances the robustness of a neural network model of sequence generation by avian brain area HVC. J Comput Neurosci 23: 283-299.
55. Johnson F, Hohmann SE, DiStefano PS, Bottjer SW. 1997. Neurotrophins suppress apoptosis induced by deafferentation of an avian motorcortical region. J Neurosci 17: 2101-2111. (Pubitemid 27106767)
56. Kao MH, Brainard MS. 2006. Lesions of an avian basal ganglia circuit prevent context-dependent changes to song variability. J Neurophysiol 96: 1441-1455.
57. Kao MH, Doupe AJ, Brainard MS. 2005. Contributions of an avian basal ganglia-forebrain circuit to real-time modulation of song. Nature 433: 638-643.
58. Kao MH, Wright BD, Doupe AJ. 2008. Neurons in a forebrain nucleus required for vocal plasticity rapidly switch between precise firing and variable bursting depending on social context. J Neurosci 28: 13232-13247.
59. Katz LC, Gurney ME. 1981. Auditory responses in the zebra finch's motor system for song. Brain Res 221: 192-197.
60. Keller GB, Hahnloser RH. 2009. Neural processing of auditory feedback during vocal practice in a songbird. Nature 457: 187-190.
61. Kirn JR, Alvarez-Buylla A, Nottebohm F. 1991. Production and survival of projection neurons in a forebrain vocal center of adult male canaries. J Neurosci 11: 1756-1762.
62. Kittelberger J, Mooney R. 1999. Lesions of an avian forebrain nucleus that disrupt song development alter synaptic connectivity and transmission in the vocal premotor pathway. J Neurosci 19: 9385-9398. (Pubitemid 30228092)
63. Kittelberger JM, Mooney R. 2005. Acute injections of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a vocal premotor nucleus reversibly disrupt adult birdsong stability and trigger syllable deletion. J Neurobiol 62: 406-424. (Pubitemid 40250702)
64. Kojima S, Doupe AJ. 2008. Neural encoding of auditory temporal context in a songbird basal ganglia nucleus, and its independence of birds' song experience. Eur J Neurosci 27: 1231-1244.
65. Konishi M. 1965a. Effects of deafening on song development in American robins and black-headed grosbeaks. Z Tierpsychol 22: 584-599.
66. Konishi M. 1965b. The role of auditory feedback in the control of vocalization in the white-crowned sparrow. Z Tierpsychol 22: 770-783.
67. Konishi M. 1985. Birdsong: From behavior to neuron. Annu Rev Neurosci 8: 125-170.
68. Kozhevnikov AA, Fee MS. 2007. Singing-related activity of identified HVC neurons in the zebra finch. J Neurophysiol 97: 4271-4283.
69. Kroodsma D, Konishi M. 1991. A suboscine bird (eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe) develops normal song without auditory feedback. Anim Behav 42: 477-484.
70. Kubota M, Saito N. 1991. NMDA receptors participate differentially in two different synaptic inputs in neurons of the zebra finch robust nucleus of the archistriatum in vitro. Neurosci Lett 125: 107-109.
71. Leonardo A. 2004. Experimental test of the birdsong error-correction model. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101: 16935-16940. (Pubitemid 39601342)
72. Leonardo A, Fee MS. 2005. Ensemble coding of vocal control in birdsong. J Neurosci 25: 652-661.
73. Leonardo A, Konishi M. 1999. Decrystallization of adult birdsong by perturbation of auditory feedback. Nature 399: 466-470. (Pubitemid 29258851)
74. Lewicki MS, Arthur BJ. 1996. Hierarchical organization of auditory temporal context sensitivity. J Neurosci 16: 6987-6998.
75. Lewis JW, Ryan SM, Arnold AP, Butcher LL. 1981. Evidence for a catecholaminergic projection to area X in the zebra finch. J Comp Neurol 196: 347-354.
76. Li M, Greenside H. 2006. Stable propagation of a burst through a one-dimensional homogeneous excitatory chain model of songbird nucleus HVC. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 74: 011918. doi: 10.1103/ Phys Rev E. 74.011918. (Pubitemid 44147268)
77. Li XC, Jarvis ED, Alvarez-Borda B, Lim DA, Nottebohm F. 2000. A relationship between behavior, neurotrophin expression, and new neuron survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97: 8584-8589. (Pubitemid 30639716)
78. Livingston F, White S, Mooney R. 2000. Slow NMDA-EPSCs at synapses critical for song development are not required for song learning in zebra finches. Nat Neurosci 3: 482-488. (Pubitemid 30495631)
79. Locke JL. 1993. The child's path to spoken language. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
80. Lombardino AJ, Nottebohm F. 2000. Age at deafening affects the stability of learned song in adult male zebra finches. J Neurosci 20: 5054-5064. (Pubitemid 30421709)
81. London SE, Clayton DF. 2008. Functional identification of sensory mechanisms required for developmental song learning. Nat Neurosci 11: 579-586.
82. Long MA, Fee MS. 2008. Using temperature to analyse temporal dynamics in the songbird motor pathway. Nature 456: 189-194.
83. Luo M, Ding L, Perkel DJ. 2001. An avian basal ganglia pathway essential for vocal learning forms a closed topographic loop. J Neurosci 21: 6836-6845. (Pubitemid 32781126)
84. Margoliash D. 1983. Acoustic parameters underlying the responses of song-specific neurons in the white-crowned sparrow. J Neurosci 3: 1039-1057. (Pubitemid 13135428)
85. Margoliash D. 1986. Preference for autogenous song by auditory neurons in a song systemnucleus of the white-crowned sparrow. J Neurosci 6: 1643-1661. (Pubitemid 16078339)
86. Margoliash D, Konishi M. 1985. Auditory representation of autogenous song in the song system of white-crowned sparrows. Proc Natl Acad Sci 82: 5997-6000.
87. Marler P. 1970. A comparative approach to vocal learning: Song development in white-crowned sparrows. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology Monograph 71: 1-25.
88. Marler P. 1990. Innate learning preferences: Signals for communication. Dev Psychobiol 23: 557-568.
89. Marler P. 1991. Song-learning behavior: The interface with neuroethology. Trends Neurosci 14: 199-206.
90. Marler P, Peters S. 1981. Sparrows learn adult song and more from memory. Science 213: 780-782. (Pubitemid 11016460)
91. Marler P, Peters S. 1982a. Long-term storage of learned birdsongs prior to production. Anim Behav 30: 479-482.
92. Marler P, Peters S. 1982b. Structural changes in song ontogeny in the Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana. Auk 99: 446-458.
93. Marler P, Peters S. 1987. A sensitive period for song acquisition in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia: A case of age-limited learning. Ethology 76: 89-100.
94. Marler P, Peters S. 1988. Sensitive periods for song acquisition from tape recordings and live tutors in the swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana. Ethology formerly. Z Tierpsychol 77: 76-84.
95. Marler P, Peters S. 1989. Species differences in auditory responsiveness in early vocal learning. In The comparative psychology of audition: Perceiving complex sounds (eds. RJ Dooling and SH Hulse), pp. 243-273. Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Hillsdale, NJ.
96. Marler P, Sherman V. 1985. Innate differences in singing behaviour of sparrows reared in isolation from adult conspecific song. Anim Behav 33: 57-71.
97. Marler P, Tamura M. 1964. Culturally transmitted patterns of vocal behaviour in sparrows. Science 146: 1483-1486.
98. Marler P, Mundinger P, Waser MS, Lutjen A. 1972. Effects of acoustical stimulation and deprivation on song development in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Anim Behav 20: 586-606.
99. McCasland JS. 1987. Neuronal control of birdsong production. J Neurosci 7: 23-39.
100. McCasland JS, Konishi M. 1981. Interaction between auditory and motor activities in an avian song control nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci 78: 7815-7819. (Pubitemid 12186654)
101. Mello C, Nottebohm F, Clayton D. 1995. Repeated exposure to one song leads to a rapid and persistent decline in an immediate early gene's response to that song in zebra finch telencephalon. J Neurosci 15: 6919-6925.
102. Mooney R. 1992. Synaptic basis for developmental plasticity in a birdsong nucleus. J Neurosci 12: 2464-2477.
103. Mooney R. 2000. Different subthreshold mechanisms underlie song-selectivity in identified HVc neurons of the zebra finch. J Neurosci 20: 5420-5436. (Pubitemid 30457739)
104. Mooney R, Konishi M. 1991. Two distinct inputs to an avian song nucleus activate different glutamate receptor subtypes on individual neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci 88: 4075-4079. (Pubitemid 21914481)
105. Mooney R, Prather JF. 2005. The HVC microcircuit: The synaptic basis for interactions between song motor and vocal plasticity pathways. J Neurosci 25: 1952-1964. (Pubitemid 40289400)
106. Mooney R, Rao M. 1994. Waiting periods versus early innervation: The development of axonal connections in the zebra finch song system. J Neurosci 14: 6532-6543. (Pubitemid 24333074)
107. Mooney R, Prather J, Roberts T. 2008. Neurophysiology of birdsong learning. In Memory systems (ed. H Eichenbaum), Vol.3, pp. 441-474. Elsevier, Oxford, UK.
108. Nixdorf-Bergweiler BE, Lips MB, Heinemann U. 1995. Electrophysiological and morphological evidence for a new projection of LMAN-neurones towards area X. Neuroreport 6: 1729-1732.
109. Nordeen KW, Nordeen EJ. 1992. Auditory feedback is necessary for the maintenance of stereotyped song in adult zebra finches. Behav Neural Biol 57: 58-66.
110. Nottebohm F, Stokes TM, Leonard CM. 1976. Central control of song in the canary, Serinus canarius.. J Comp Neurol 165: 457-486.
111. Nottebohm F, Kelley DB, Paton JA. 1982. Connections of vocal control nuclei in the canary telencephalon. J Comp Neurol 207: 344-357. (Pubitemid 12045119)
112. Okanoya K, Yamaguchi A. 1997. Adult Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var. domestica) require real-time auditory feedback to produce normal song syntax. J Neurobiol 33: 343-356. (Pubitemid 27411216)
113. Okuhata S, Saito N. 1987. Synaptic connections of a forebrain nucleus involved with vocal learning in zebra finches. Brain Res Bull 18: 35-44.
114. Olveczky B, Fee M. 2006. Effects of LMAN on the premotor representation of song in juvenile songbirds. In the Society for Neuroscience Meeting Planner, Poster 44.11/E18. Atlanta, GA.
115. Olveczky BP, Andalman AS, Fee MS. 2005. Vocal experimentation in the juvenile songbird requires a basal ganglia circuit. PLoS Biol 3: e153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030153.
116. Person AL, Perkel DJ. 2007. Pallidal neuron activity increases during sensory relay through thalamus in a songbird circuit essential for learning. J Neurosci 27: 8687-8698.
117. Phan ML, Pytte CL, Vicario DS. 2006. Early auditory experience generates long-lasting memories that may subserve vocal learning in songbirds. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103: 1088-1093.
118. Prather JF, Peters S, Nowicki S, Mooney R. 2008. Precise auditory-vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication. Nature 451: 305-310.
119. Price PH. 1979. Developmental determinants of structure in zebra finch song. J Comp Physiol Psychol 93: 260-277.
120. Romo R, Schultz W. 1990. Dopamine neurons of the monkey midbrain: Contingencies of responses to active touch during self-initiated arm movements. J Neurophysiol 63: 592-606. (Pubitemid 20115486)
121. Rosen MJ, Mooney R. 2000. Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to auditory selectivity in a song nucleus critical for vocal plasticity. J Neurosci 20: 5437-5448. (Pubitemid 30457740)
122. Rosen MJ, Mooney R. 2006. Synaptic interactions underlying song-selectivity in the avian nucleus HVC revealed by dual intracellular recordings. J Neurophysiol 95: 1158-1175. (Pubitemid 44699112)
123. Roy A, Mooney R. 2007. Auditory plasticity in a basal ganglia-forebrain pathway during decrystallization of adult birdsong. J Neurosci 27: 6374-6387. (Pubitemid 46920377)
124. Roy A, Mooney R. 2009. Song decrystallization in adult zebra finches does not require the song nucleus NIf. J Neurophysiol 102: 979-991.
125. Sakata JT, Brainard MS. 2006. Real-time contributions of auditory feedback to avian vocal motor control. J Neurosci 26: 9619-9628.
126. Sakata JT, Brainard MS. 2008. Online contributions of auditory feedback to neural activity in avian song control circuitry. J Neurosci 28: 11378-11390.
127. Sasaki A, Sotnikova TD, Gainetdinov RR, Jarvis ED. 2006. Social context-dependent singing-regulated dopamine. J Neurosci 26: 9010-9014.
128. Scharff C, Nottebohm F. 1991. A comparative study of the behavioral deficits following lesions of various parts of the zebra finch song system: Implications for vocal learning. J Neurosci 11: 2896-2913.
129. Scharff C, Kirn JR, Grossman M, Macklis JD, Nottebohm F. 2000. Targeted neuronal death affects neuronal replacement and vocal behavior in adult songbirds. Neuron 25: 481-492. (Pubitemid 30831800)
130. Schultz W. 1986. Responses of midbrain dopamine neurons to behavioral trigger stimuli in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 56: 1439-1461. (Pubitemid 17190194)
131. Schultz W. 2002. Getting formal with dopamine and reward. Neuron 36: 241-263.
132. Schultz W, Apicella P, Ljungberg T. 1993. Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task. J Neurosci 13: 900-913. (Pubitemid 23067580)
133. Schultz W, Dayan P, Montague PR. 1997. A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science 275: 1593-1599.
134. Shank SS, Margoliash D. 2008. Sleep and sensorimotor integration during early vocal learning in a songbird. Nature 458: 73-77.
135. Shea SD, Margoliash D. 2003. Basal forebrain cholinergic modulation of auditory activity in the zebra finch song system. Neuron 40: 1213-1226. (Pubitemid 38032796)
136. Simpson HB, Vicario DS. 1990. Brain pathways for learned and unlearned vocalizations differ in zebra finches. J Neurosci 10: 1541-1556.
137. Sizemore M, Perkel DJ. 2008. Noradrenergic and GABA B receptor activation differentially modulate inputs to the premotor nucleus RA in zebra finches. J Neurophysiol 100: 8-18.
138. Sober SJ, Brainard MS. 2009. Adult birdsong is actively maintained by error correction. Nat Neurosci 12: 927-931.
139. Sober SJ, Wohlgemuth MJ, Brainard MS. 2008. Central contributions to acoustic variation in birdsong. J Neurosci 28: 10370-10379.
140. Soha JA, Shimizu T, Doupe AJ. 1996. Development of the catecholaminergic innervation of the song system of the male zebra finch. J Neurobiol 29: 473-489. (Pubitemid 26095496)
141. Sohrabji F, Nordeen EJ, Nordeen KW. 1990. Selective impairment of song learning following lesions of a forebrain nucleus in the juvenile zebra finch. Behav Neural Biol 53: 51-63. (Pubitemid 20111362)
142. Solis MM, Doupe AJ. 1997. Anterior forebrain neurons develop selectivity by an intermediate stage of birdsong learning. J Neurosci 17: 6447-6462. (Pubitemid 27329916)
143. Solis MM, Doupe AJ. 1999. Contributions of tutor and bird's own song experience to neural selectivity in the songbird anterior forebrain. J Neurosci 19: 4559-4584.
144. Solis MM, Perkel DJ. 2005. Rhythmic activity in a forebrain vocal control nucleus in vitro. J Neurosci 25: 2811-2822.
145. Solis MM, Perkel DJ. 2006. Noradrenergic modulation of activity in a vocal control nucleus in vitro. J Neurophysiol 95: 2265-2276.
146. Solis MM, Brainard MS, Hessler NA, Doupe AJ. 2000. Song selectivity and sensorimotor signals in vocal learning and production. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97: 11836-11842. (Pubitemid 30815100)
147. Sossinka R, Bohner J. 1980. Song types in the zebra finch Poephila guttata castanotis. Z Tierpsychol 53: 123-132.
148. Spiro JE, Dalva MB, Mooney R. 1999. Long-range inhibition within the zebra finch song nucleus RA can coordinate the firing of multiple projection neurons. J Neurophysiol 81: 3007-3020. (Pubitemid 29283954)
149. Stark LL, Perkel DJ. 1999. Two-stage, input-specific synaptic maturation in a nucleus essential for vocal production in the zebra finch. J Neurosci 19: 9107-9116.
150. Sundberg J, Prame E, Iwarsson J. 1996. Replicability and accuracy of pitch patterns in professional singers. In Vocal fold physiology, controlling chaos and complexity (eds. P Davis and N Fletcher), pp. 291-306. Singular Publishing Group, Sydney, Australia.
151. Sweatt JD. 2004. Mitogen-activated protein kinases in synaptic plasticity and memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 14: 311-317. (Pubitemid 38759861)
152. Tchernichovski O, Mitra PP, Lints T, Nottebohm F. 2001. Dynamics of the vocal imitation process: How a zebra finch learns its song. Science 291: 2564-2569. (Pubitemid 32249674)
153. Terpstra NJ, Bolhuis JJ, den Boer-Visser AM. 2004. An analysis of the neural representation of birdsong memory. J Neurosci 24: 4971-4977. (Pubitemid 38697830)
154. Theunissen FE, Doupe AJ. 1998. Temporal and spectral sensitivity of complex auditory neurons in the nucleus HVc of male zebra finches. J Neurosci 18: 3786-3802.
155. Theunissen FE, Amin N, Shaevitz SS, Woolley SM, Fremouw T, Hauber ME. 2004. Song selectivity in the song system and in the auditory forebrain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1016: 222-245. (Pubitemid 38951469)
156. Thorpe W. 1954. The process of song learning in the chaffinch as studied by means of the sound spectrograph. Nature 173: 465-469.
157. Thorpe W. 1958. The learning of song patterns by birds, with especial reference to the song of the chaffinch. Ibis 100: 535-570.
158. Troyer T, Doupe AJ. 2000. An associational model of birdsong sensroimotor learning. I. Efference copy and the learning of song syllables. J Neurophysiol 84: 1204-1223. (Pubitemid 30688147)
159. Tumer EC, Brainard MS. 2007. Performance variability enables adaptive plasticity of "crystallized" adult birdsong. Nature 450: 1240-1244.
160. Vates GE, Broome BM, Mello CV, Nottebohm F. 1996a. Auditory pathways of caudal telencephalon and their relation to the song system of adult male zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 366: 613-642. (Pubitemid 26087298)
161. Vates GE, Vicario DS, Nottebohm F. 1996b. A new source of auditory input to the songbird anterior forebrain pathway. In Proceedings of the Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, p. 66.61. Washington, D.C.
162. Vicario DS, Yohay KH. 1993. Song-selective auditory input to a forebrain vocal control nucleus in the zebra finch. J Neurobiol 24: 488-505.
163. Volman SF. 1993. Development of neural selectivity for birdsong during vocal learning. J Neurosci 13: 4737-4747.
164. Volman SF. 1996. Quantitative assessment of song-selectivity in the zebra finch "high vocal center". J Comp Physiol [A] 178: 849-862.
165. Vu ET, Mazurek ME, Kuo YC. 1994. Identification of a forebrain motor programming network for the learned song of zebra finches. J Neurosci 14: 6924-6934.
166. White S, Livingston F, Mooney R. 1999. Androgens modulate NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs in the zebra finch song system. J Neurophysiol 82: 2221-2234.
167. Wild JM. 1993. Descending projections of the songbird nucleus robustus archistriatalis. J Comp Neurol 338: 225-241.
168. Wild J. 1997a. Neural pathways for the control of birdsong production. J Neurobiol 33: 653-670. (Pubitemid 27456458)
169. Wild JM. 1997b. Functional anatomy of neural pathways contributing to the control of song production in birds. Eur J Morphol 35: 303-325.
170. Wild JM. 1997c. Neural pathways for the control of birdsong production. J Neurobiol 33: 653-670.
171. Wild JM. 2004. Functional neuroanatomy of the sensorimotor control of singing. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1016: 438-462. (Pubitemid 38951480)
172. Williams H, McKibben JR. 1992. Changes in stereotyped central motor patterns controlling vocalization are induced by peripheral nerve injury. Behav Neural Biol 57: 67-78.
173. Williams H, Mehta N. 1999. Changes in adult zebra finch song require a forebrain nucleus that is not necessary for song production. J Neurobiol 39: 14-28. (Pubitemid 29153002)
174. Woolley SC, Doupe AJ. 2008. Social context-induced song variation affects female behavior and gene expression. PLoS Biol 6: e62. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pbio.0060062.
175. Woolley SM, Rubel EW. 1997. Bengalese finches Lonchura Striata domestica depend upon auditory feedback for the maintenance of adult song. J Neurosci 17: 6380-6390. (Pubitemid 27329910)
176. Yanagihara S, Hessler NA. 2006. Modulation of singing-related activity in the songbird ventral tegmental area by social context. Eur J Neurosci 24: 3619-3627. (Pubitemid 44952627)
177. Yazaki-Sugiyama Y, Mooney R. 2004. Sequential learning from multiple tutors and serial retuning of auditory neurons in a brain area important to birdsong learning. J Neurophysiol 92: 2771-2788. (Pubitemid 40340489)
178. Yu AC, Margoliash D. 1996. Temporal hierarchical control of singing in birds. Science 273: 1871-1875. (Pubitemid 26322499)