The lithospheric mantle below southern West Greenland: A geothermobarometric approach to diamond potential and mantle stratigraphy

Lithos

Volumn 112, Issue , 2009, Pages 1155-1166

  Sand, Karina K ^a   Waight, Tod E ^b   Pearson, D Graham ^c   Nielsen, Troels F D ^a   Makovicky, Emil ^b   Hutchison, Mark T ^a  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Diamond potential; Geothermobarometry; Greenland; Lithosphere; Mantle; Peridotite

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; CRATON; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; DIAMOND; LHERZOLITE; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; MANTLE STRUCTURE; P-T CONDITIONS; PERIDOTITE; XENOLITH;

ARCTIC; GREENLAND; WEST GREENLAND;

EID: 70350609898     PISSN: 00244937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.05.012     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Bernstein S., Kelemen P., and Brooks C.K. Depleted spinel harzburgite xenoliths in Tertiary dykes from East Greenland: restites from high degree melting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 154 (1998) 221-235
2. Bernstein S., Kelemen P.B., and Hanghøj K. Consistent olivine Mg# in cratonic mantle reflects Archean mantle melting to the exhaustion of orthopyroxene. Geology 35 (2007) 459-462
3. Bizzarro M., and Stevenson R.K. Major element composition of the lithospheric mantle under the North Atlantic craton: evidence from peridotite xenoliths of the Sarfartoq area, southwestern Greenland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 146 (2003) 223-240
4. Boyd F.R., Pearson D.G., Hoal K.O., Hoal B.G., Nixon P.H., Kingston M.J., and Mertzman S.A. Garnet lherzolites from Louwrencia, Namibia: bulk composition and P/T relations. Lithos 77 (2004) 573-592
5. Brey G.P., and Köhler T. Geothermobarometry in 4-phase lherzolites.2. New thermobarometers, and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers. Journal of Petrology 31 (1990) 1353-1378
6. Canil D., and O'Neill H.S.C. Distribution of ferric iron in some upper mantle assemblages. Journal of Petrology 37 (1996) 609-635
7. Eaton D.W., Darbyshire F., Evans R.L., Grütter H., Jones A.G., and Yuan X. The elusive lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath cratons. Lithos 109 (2009) 1-22
8. Finnerty A.A., and Boyd F.R. Evaluation of thermobarometers for garnet peridotites. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 48 (1984) 15-27
9. Finnerty A.A., and Boyd F.R. Thermobarometry for garnet peridotites: basis for the determination of thermal and compositional structure of the upper mantle. In: Nixon P.H. (Ed). Mantle Xenoliths (1987), Wiley, New York
10. Garrit, D., 2000. The nature of Archaean and Proterozoic lithospheric mantle and lower crust in West Greenland illustrated by the geochemistry and petrography of xenoliths from kimberlites. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
11. Garrit D., Griffin W.L., and O'Reilly S.Y. Processes in Archaean and Proterozoic mantle in West Greenland. Journal of Conference Abstracts 1 (1996) 194
12. Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Doyle B.J., Pearson N.J., Coopersmith H., Kivi K., Malkovets V., and Pokhilenko N. Lithosphere mapping beneath the North American plate. Lithos 77 (2004) 873-922
13. Grütter H.S. The thermobarometric basis for mantle stratigraphy and mantle mapping. Geophysical and Geochemical Imaging of Canada's upper mantle. KEGS (Canadian Exploration Geophysical Society) One-day Short Course for Diamond Explorationists, Toronto, March, 2001 (2001) 1-12
14. Grütter H., and Moore R. Pyroxene Geotherms Revisited - An Empirical Approach Based on Canadian Xenoliths, Extended Abstracts, Eight International Kimberlite Conference, 272 (2003) (CD-ROM)
15. Grütter, H.S., Tuer, J., 2009-this volume. Modern single-grain thermobarometry techniques applied to mantle xenocrysts from the Sarfartoq area, Greenland. Lithos. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.03.012
16. Grütter H., Gurney J.J., Menzies A.H., and Winter F. An updated classification scheme for mantle-derived garnet, for use by diamond explorers. Lithos 77 (2004) 841-857
17. Gurney J.J., and Harte B. Chemical variations in upper mantle nodules from southern African kimberlites. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 297 (1980) 273-293
18. Gurney J.J., Harris J.W., and Rickard R.S. Silicate and oxide inclusions in diamonds from the Finsch kimberlite pipe. In: Boyd F.R., and Meyer H.O.A. (Eds). Kimberlites, Diatremes and Diamonds: their Geology and Petrology and Geochemistry (1979), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC
19. Harley S.L. An experimental study of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between garnet and orthopyroxene. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1984) 359-373
20. Harte B. Rock nomenclature with particular relation to deformation and recrystallisation textures in olivine-bearing xenoliths. Journal of Geology 85 (1977) 279-288
21. Hutchison, M.T., Frei, D., 2009, this issue. Kimberlite and related rocks from Garnet Lake, West Greenland, including their mantle constituents, diamond occurrence, age and provenance. Proceedings of the 9th International Kimberlite Conference. Lithos 112S, 318-333.
22. Hutchison M.T., and Heaman L.M. Chemical and physical characteristics of diamond crystals from Garnet Lake, Sarfartoq, West Greenland: an association with carbonatitic magmatism. Canadian Mineralogist 46 (2008) 1063-1078
23. Jensen S.M., Lind M., Rasmussen T.M., Schjøth F., and Secher K. Diamond exploration data from West Greenland. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport, 2003/21 (2003) 50
24. Jensen S.M., Secher K., and Rasmussen T.M. Diamond exploration data from West Greenland: 2004 update and revision. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport, 2004/117 (2004) 90
25. Jensen, S.M., Sand, K.K., Steenfelt, A., 2005. Regional distribution and chemistry of indicator minerals from in situ rocks and surficial deposits in the Maniitsoq and Sarfartoq regions. Extended abstracts vol, Workshop on Greenland ́s diamond potential, 7-9 November 2005, Copenhagen. p 43.
26. Kalsbeek F. Metamorphism of Archaean rocks of West Greenland. In: Windley B.F. (Ed). The Early History of the Earth (1976), Wiley and Sons, London
27. Kennedy C.S., and Kennedy G.C. The equilibrium boundary between graphite and diamond. Journal of Geophysical Research 81 (1976) 2467-2470
28. Kopylova M.G., Russell J.K., and Cookenboo H. Petrology of peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Jericho kimberlite: implications for the thermal state of the mantle beneath the Slave craton, Northern Canada. Journal of Petrology 40 (1999) 79-104
29. Larsen L.M., and Rex D.C. A review of the 2500 Ma span of alkaline-ultramafic, potassic and carbonatitic magmatism in West Greenland. Lithos 28 (1992) 367-402
30. McKenzie D., and Priestley K. The influence of lithospheric thickness variations on continental evolution. Lithos 102 (2008) 1-11
31. McKenzie D., Jackson J., and Priestley K. Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 233 (2005) 337-349
32. Nickel K.G., and Green D.H. Empirical geothermobarometry for garnet peridotites and implications for the nature of the lithosphere, kimberlites and diamonds. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 73 (1985) 158-170
33. Nielsen T.F.D., and Sand K.K. The Majuagaa kimberlite dike, Maniitsoq region, West Greenland: constraints on an Mg-rich silicocarbonatitic melt composition from groundmass mineralogy and bulk compositions. Canadian Mineralogist 46 (2008) 1043-1061
34. Nielsen, T.F.D., et al., 2009, this issue. Distribution of kimberlite and aillikite in the Diamond Province of southern West Greenland: A regional perspective based on groundmass mineral chemistry and bulk compositions. Proceedings of the 9th International Kimberlite Conference. Lithos 112S, 358-371.
35. Nimis P., and Taylor W.R. Single clinopyroxene thermobarometry for garnet peridotites. Part I. Calibration and testing of a Cr-in-Cpx barometer and an enstatite-in-Cpx thermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 139 (2000) 541-554
36. O`Neill H.S.C., and Wood B.J. Experimental-study of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and olivine and its calibration as a geothermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 70 (1979) 59-70
37. Pearson D.G. Mantle samples included in volcanic rocks: xenoliths and diamonds. In: Carlson R.W. (Ed). Treatise on geochemistry (2003), Elsevier
38. Pearson D.G., and Nowell G.M. The continental lithospheric mantle reservoir: characteristics and significance as a mantle reservoir. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A 360 (2002) 1-28
39. Pearson D.G., and Wittig N. Formation of Archaean continental lithosphere and its diamonds: the root of the problem. Journal of the Geological Society 165 (2008) 895-914
40. Pearson N.J., Griffin W.L., Doyle B.J., O'Reilly S.Y., van Achterbergh E., and Kivi K. Xenoliths from kimberlite pipes of the Lac de Gras area, Slave Carton, Canada. In: Gurney J.J., Gurney J.L., Pascoe M.D., and Richardson S.H. (Eds). Proceedings of the VIIth International Kimberlite Conference (1999), Red Roof Design cc, Cape Town 644-658
41. Pollack H.N., and Chapman D.S. Regional variation of heat-flow, geotherms, and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics 38 (1977) 279-296
42. Rudnick, R.L., Nyblade, A.A., 1999. The thickness and heat production of Archean lithosphere: constraints from xenolith thermobarometry and surface heatflow. In: Yingwei Fei, Constance M Berkta and B. Mysen. (Editors), Mantle petrology: field observations and high pressure experiments: a tribute to Francis R (Joe) Boyd. Special Publication. The Geochemical Society.
43. Sand, K.K., 2007. A geotherm for the cratonic lithospheric mantle in southern West Greenland: thermal implications for diamond potential, Unpublished Masters thesis, University of Copenhagen.
44. Schulze D.J. A classification scheme for mantle-derived garnets in kimberlite: a tool for investigating the mantle and exploring for diamonds. Lithos 71 (2003) 195-213
45. Secher K., and Larsen L.M. A new Phanerozoic carbonatite complex in southern West Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 90 (1978) 46-50
46. Secher K., and Larsen L.M. Geology and mineralogy of the Sarfartôq carbonatite complex, southern West Greenland. Lithos 13 (1980) 199-212
47. Secher, K., et al., 2009, this issue. Timing of kimberlite, carbonatite, and ultramafic lamprophyre emplacement in the alkaline province located 64°-67° N in southern West Greenland. Proceedings of the 9th International Kimberlite Conference. Lithos 112S, 400-406.
48. Simon N.S.C., Irvine G.J., Davies G.R., Pearson D.G., and Carlson R.W. The origin of garnet and clinopyroxene in "depleted" Kaapvaal peridotites. Lithos 71 (2003) 289-322
49. Smith, D., 1999. Temperatures and pressures of mineral equilibration in peridotite xenoliths: review, discussion, and implications. In: Yingwei Fei, Constance M Berkta and B. Mysen. (Editors), Mantle petrology: field observations and high pressure experiments: a tribute to Francis R (Joe) Boyd. Special Publication, The Geochemical Society.
50. Tappe S., Foley S.F., Kjarsgaard B.A., Romer R.L., Heaman L.M., Stracke A., and Jenner G.A. Between carbonatite and lamproite-diamondiferous Torngat ultramafic lamprophyres formed by carbonate-fluxed melting of cratonic MARID-type metasomes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72 (2008) 3258-3286
51. van Gool J.A.M., Kriegsman L.M., Marker M., and Nichols G.T. Thrust stacking in the inner Nordre Stromfjord area, West Greenland - significance for the tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian orogen. Precambrian Research 93 (1999) 71-86
52. van Gool J.A.M., Connelly J.N., Marker M., and Mengel F.C. The Nagssugtoqidian orogen of West Greenland: tectonic evolution and regional correlations from a West Greenland perspective. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39 (2002) 665-686
53. Vernon R.H. A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructures (2004), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
54. Webb, M., 2007. Re-Os isotope constraints on the age of the lithospheric mantle beneath Western Greenland. Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of Durham.
55. Wedepohl K.H., Heinrichs H., and Bridgwater D. Chemical characteristics and genesis of the quartz-feldspathic rocks in the Archaean crust of Greenland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 107 (1991) 163-179
56. Wittig N., Pearson D.G., Webb M., Ottley C.J., Irvine G.J., Kopylova M., Jensen S.M., and Nowell G.M. Origin of cratonic lithospheric mantle roots: a geochemical study of peridotites from the North Atlantic Craton, West Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 274 (2008) 24-33