Effect of baseline CD4 cell counts on the clinical significance of short-term immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy in individuals with virologic suppression

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 357-363

  Moore, David M ^a   Harris, Ross ^b   Lima, Viviane ^a   Hogg, Bob ^a   May, Margaret ^b   Yip, Benita ^a   Justice, Amy ^c,d   Mocroft, Amanda ^e   Reiss, Peter ^f   Lampe, Fiona ^e   Chêne, Geneviève ^g   Costagliola, Dominique ^g,h   Elzi, Luigia ⁱ   Mugavero, Michael J ^j   Monforte, Antonella D'Arminio ^k   Sabin, Caroline ^e   Podzamczer, Daniel ^l   Fätkenheuer, Gerd ^m   Staszewski, Schlomo ⁿ   Gill, John ^o   Sterne, Jonathan A C ^b   more..

^a BRITISH COLUMBIA CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIV AIDS   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d VA CONNECTICUT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^e ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^f ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^g INSERM   (France)

^h PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BASEL   (Switzerland)

^j University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^l HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI DE BELLVITGE   (Spain)

^m UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FRANKFURT   (Germany)

^o UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

more..

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; CD4 counts; Discordant responses; Immunologic response; Virologic suppression

Indexed keywords

NELFINAVIR; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUAL; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VIRUS LOAD;

ADULT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT STUDIES; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 70350550186     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b62933     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Chene G, Sterne JA, May M, et al. Prognostic importance of initial response in HIV-1 infected patients starting potent antiretroviral therapy: analysis of prospective studies. Lancet. 2003;362:679-686.
2. Anastos K, Barron Y, Cohen MH, et al. The prognostic importance of changes in CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level in women after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140: 256-264.
3. Raboud JM, Montaner JS, Conway B, et al. Suppression of plasma viral load below 20 copies/mL is required to achieve a long-term response to therapy. AIDS. 1998;12:1619-1624.
4. Raboud JM, Rae S, Hogg RS, et al. Suppression of plasma virus load below the detection limit of a human immunodeficiency virus kit is associated with longer virologic response than suppression below the limit of quantitation. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1347-1350.
5. US Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2007.
6. Hammer SM, Eron JJ Jr, Reiss P, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA. 2008;300:555-570.
7. Walmsley S, Bernstein B, King M, et al. Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346:2039-2046.
8. Molina JM, Andrade-Villanueva J, Echevarria J, et al. Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. Lancet. 2008;372:646-655.
9. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Washington, DC: United States Department of Health and Human Services; 2007.
10. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Adults and Adolescents in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006.
11. Moore DM, Hogg RS, Chan K, et al. Disease progression in patients with virological suppression in response to HAART is associated with the degree of immunological response. AIDS. 2006;20:371-377.
12. Loutfy MR, Walmsley SL, Mullin CM, et al. CD4(+) cell count increase predicts clinical benefits in patients with advanced HIV disease and persistent viremia after 1 year of combination antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:1407-1411.
13. Piketty C, Weiss L, Thomas F, et al. Long-term clinical outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with discordant immunologic and virologic responses to a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:1328-1335.
14. Marimoutou C, Chene G, Mercie P, et al. Prognostic factors of combined viral load and CD4+ cell count responses under triple antiretroviral therapy, Aquitaine cohort, 1996-1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;27:161-167.
15. Grabar S, Le Moing V, Goujard C, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with HIV-1 infection according to immunologic and virologic response after 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133: 401-410.
16. Collazos J, Asensi V, Carton JA. Factors associated with poor immunologic responses despite viral suppression in markedly immuno-suppressed patients. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2007;21:378-384.
17. Moore RD, Keruly JC. CD4+ cell count 6 years after commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy in persons with sustained virologic suppression. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:441-446.
18. Hunt PW, Deeks SG, Rodriguez B, et al. Continued CD4 cell count increases in HIV-infected adults experiencing 4 years of viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2003;17:1907-1915.
19. Wood E, Yip B, Hogg RS, et al. Full suppression of viral load is needed to achieve an optimal CD4 cell count response among patients on triple drug antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2000;14:1955-1960.
20. Binquet C, Chene G, Jacqmin-Gadda H, et al. Modeling changes in CD4-positive T-lymphocyte counts after the start of highly active anti-retroviral therapy and the relation with risk of opportunistic infections: the Aquitaine Cohort, 1996-1997. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153: 386-393.
21. Tan R, Westfall AO, Willig JH, et al. Clinical outcome of HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients with discordant immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;47:553-558.
22. Tuboi SH, Brinkhof MW, Egger M, et al. Discordant responses to potent antiretroviral treatment in previously naive HIV-1-infected adults initiating treatment in resource-constrained countries: the antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries (ART-LINC) collaboration. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45:52-59.
23. Wainberg MA, Clotet B. Review: immunologic response to protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2007;21:609-620.
24. Mehta SH, Lucas G, Astemborski J, et al. Early immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy and subsequent disease progression among HIV-infected injection drug users. AIDS Care. 2007;19:637-645.
25. Smith CJ, Sabin CA, Youle MS, et al. Factors influencing increases in CD4 cell counts of HIV-positive persons receiving long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2004;190:1860-1868.
26. Kaufmann GR, Bloch M, Zaunders JJ, et al. Long-term immunological response in HIV-1-infected subjects receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2000;14:959-969.
27. Florence E, Lundgren J, Dreezen C, et al. Factors associated with a reduced CD4 lymphocyte count response to HAART despite full viral suppression in the EuroSIDA study. HIV Med. 2003;4:255-262.
28. Michael CG, Kirk O, Mathiesen L, et al. The naive CD4+ count in HIV-1-infected patients at time of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy is strongly associated with the level of immunological recovery. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002;34:45-49.
29. Braitstein P, Zala C, Yip B, et al. Immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy in hepatitis C virus-coinfected adults in a population-based HIV/AIDS treatment program. J Infect Dis. 2006; 193:259-268.