The origin of primary textures in granitic pegmatites

Canadian Mineralogist

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 697-724

  London, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

Boron; Diffusion; Fluorine; Fluxes; Giant crystals; Pegmatite; Phosphorus; Texture

Indexed keywords

ACID SOLUTIONS; ACIDIC COMPONENTS; ANISOTROPIC TEXTURE; AQUEOUS FLUIDS; GIANT CRYSTALS; GRANITIC PEGMATITE; GROWTH FRONT; INTER-GROWTHS; LIQUIDUS; MASS TRANSPORT; MULTICOMPONENTS; ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE; PEGMATITE; PERALKALINE; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION;

BORON; BORON COMPOUNDS; BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; BOUNDARY LAYERS; CRYSTALS; DISSOLUTION; FLUORINE; GRANITE; LIQUIDS; OXIDE MINERALS; PHOSPHORUS; QUARTZ; SILICA; SILICON; TEXTURES; UNDERCOOLING;

DIFFUSION;

ANISOTROPY; BORON; BOUNDARY LAYER; CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY; DIFFUSION; DISSOLUTION; FLUORINE; MASS TRANSPORT; PEGMATITE; PHOSPHORUS; SOLIDIFICATION; TEXTURE;

EID: 70350546441     PISSN: 00084476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3749/canmin.47.4.697     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. 2O-saturated haplogranitic melts at 800°C and 200 MPa: constraints on diffusivities and the generation of peraluminous melts. J. Petrol. 43, 1885-1908.
2. 2O in haplogranitic liquids and glasses at 200 MPa from hydration-diffusion experiments. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 149, 276-287.
3. 2O-saturated crustal anatexis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 151, 539-557.
4. 2O- saturated haplogranitic melt at 800°C and 200 MPa: diffusive transport properties of granitic melts at crustal anatectic conditions. J. Petrol. 47, 231-254.
5. Anderson, G. M. & Burnham, C. W. (1963) : Feldspar solubility and the transport of aluminum under metamorphic conditions. Am. J. Sci. 283-A, 283-297.
6. Baker, D. R. (1996) : Granitic melt viscosities: empirical and configurational entropy models for their calculation. Am. Mineral. 81, 126-134.
7. 2O on interdiffusion between peralkaline dacitic and rhyolitic melts. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 117, 203-214.
8. Baker, D. R., Freda, C., Brooker, R. A. & Scarlato, P. (2005) : Volatile diffusion in silicate melts and its effects on melt inclusions. Annals Geophys. 48, 699-717.
9. Beus, A. A. (1966) : Geochemistry of Beryllium and Genetic Types of Beryllium Deposits. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, California.
10. Boyd, B. Sirbescu, M.-L. & Matty, D. J. (2003) : Crystallization temperatures of the Tin Mountain Pegmatite, Black Hills, South Dakota: insights from compositions of coexisting feldspars. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Programs 35, 192.
11. Brinker, C. J. & SCHERER, G. W. (1990) : Sol-Gel Science: the Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing. Academic Press, New York, N. Y.
12. nd edition; H. L. Barnes, ed.). John Wiley and Sons, New York, N. Y. (71-136).
13. Burnham, C. W, Holloway, J. R. & Davis, N. F. (1969) : Thermodynamic properties of water to 1, 000°C and 10, 000 bars. Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap. 132.
14. Burnham, C. W. & Nekvasil, H. (1986) : Equilibrium properties of granite pegmatite magmas. Am. Mineral. 71, 239-263.
15. Cameron, E. N., Jahns, R. H., McNair, A. H. & Page, L. R. (1949) : Internal structure of granitic pegmatites. Econ. Geol., Monogr. 2.
16. Chakoumakos, B. C. & Lumpkin, G. R. (1990) : Pressuretemperature constraints on the crystallization of the Harding pegmatite, Taos County, New Mexico. Can. Mineral. 28, 287-298.
17. Crank, J. (1975) : The Mathematics of Diffusion. Clarendon Press, Oxford, U. K.
18. Dingwell, D. B. (2006) : Transport properties of magmas: diffusion and rheology. Elements 2, 281-286.
19. Dingwell, D. B., Hess, K.-U. & Knoche, R. (1996) : Granite and granitic pegmatite melts: volumes and viscosities. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci. 87, 65-72.
20. Dingwell, D. B. & Scarfe, C. M. (1984) : Chemical diffusion of fluorine in jadeite melt at high pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 2517-2525.
21. 2. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 377-384.
22. Evensen, J. M. (2001) : The Geochemical Budget of Beryllium in Silicic Melts & Superliquidus, Subliquidus, and Starting State Effects on the Kinetics of Crystallization in Hydrous Haplogranite Melts. Ph. D. dissertation. University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.
23. Fenn, P. M. (1977) : The nucleation and growth of alkali feldspars from hydrous melts. Can. Mineral. 15, 135-161.
24. Fenn, P. M. (1986) : On the origin of graphic granite. Am. Mineral. 71, 325-330.
25. Fournier, R. O. & Potter, R. W., II (1982) : An equation correlating the solubility of quartz in water from 25° to 900°C at pressures up to 10, 000 bars. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 1969-1973.
26. Frank, M. R., Candela, P. A. & Piccoli, P. M. (2003) : Alkali exchange equilibria between a silicate melt and coexisting magmatic volatile phase; an experimental study at 800°C and 100 MPa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 1415-1427.
27. Gresens, R. H. (1969) : Tectonic-hydrothermal pegmatites. I. The model. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 15, 345-355.
28. Ildefonse, J. P., Jambon, A., Carron, J. P., Delbove, F. & Gabis, V. (1979) : La diffusion chimique dans les solutions hydrothermales et dans les verres et magmas silicatés. Sciences Geologiques, Mém. 53, 81-85.
29. Jaeger, J. C. (1964) : Thermal effects of intrusions. Rev. Geophys. 2, 443-466.
30. Jaeger, J. C. (1968) : Cooling and solidification of igneous rocks. In Basalts: The Poldervaart Treatise on Rocks of Basaltic Composition (H. H. Hess & A. Poldervaart, eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York, N. Y. (503-536).
31. Jahns, R. H. (1953) : The genesis of pegmatites. I. Occurrence and origin of giant crystals. Am. Mineral. 38, 563-598.
32. Jahns, R. H. (1955) : The study of pegmatites. Econ. Geol., 50th Anniv. Vol., 1025-1130.
33. Jahns, R. H. (1982) : Internal evolution of pegmatite bodies. In Granitic Pegmatites in Science and Industry (P. ČernÝ ed.). Mineral. Assoc. Can., Short Course Handbook 8, 293-327.
34. Jahns, R. H. & Burnham, C. W. (1969) : Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis. I. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. Econ. Geol. 64, 843-864.
35. Jahns, R. H. & TUTTLE, O. F. (1963) : Layered pegmatite-aplite intrusives. Mineral. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap. 1, 78-92.
36. KONTAK, D. J., DOSTAL, J., KYSER, T. K. & ARCHIBALD, D. A. (2002) : A petrological, geochemical, isotopic, and fluidinclusion study of 370 Ma pegmatite-aplite sheets, Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada. Can. Mineral. 40, 1249-1286.
37. Lemmlein, G. G., Kliya, M. O. & Ostrovskii, I. A. (1962) : The conditions for formation of minerals in pegmatites according to date on primary inclusions in topaz. Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR 142, 81-83 (in Russ.). Translated 1962 in Soviet Physics, Proc. 7, 4-6.
38. Lofgren, G. E. (1980) : Experimental studies on the dynamic crystallization of silicate melts. In Physics of Magmatic Processes (R. B. Hargraves, ed.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey (487-551).
39. London, D. (1986a) : The magmatic-hydrothermal transition in the Tanco rare-element pegmatite: evidence from fluid inclusions and phase equilibrium experiments. Am. Mineral. 71, 376-395.
40. London, D. (1986b) : Formation of tourmaline-rich gem pockets in miarolitic pegmatites. Am. Mineral. 71, 396-405.
41. London, D. (1989) : Lithophile rare element concentration in silicic rocks: the alkaline trend in granitic systems. Geol. Assoc. Can. - Mineral. Assoc. Can., Program Abstr. 14, A21.
42. London, D. (1999) : Melt boundary layers and the growth of pegmatitic textures. Can. Mineral. 37, 826-827 (abstr.).
43. London, D. (2005) : Granitic pegmatites: an assessment of current concepts and directions for the future. In Granitic Systems - State of the Art and Future Avenues (O. T. Rämö, P. J. Kosunen, L. S. Lauri & J. A. Karhu, eds.), an issue honoring the retirement of Prof. Ilmari Haapala, University of Helsinki. Lithos 80, 281-303.
44. London, D. (2008) : Pegmatites. The Canadian Mineralogist, Special Publication 10.
45. 2O). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 113, 450-465.
46. London, D., Morgan, G. B., VI & Evensen, J. M. (2006) : Crystallization response of hydrous granitic liquids. Am. Geophys. Union, Trans. (Eos) 87 (36), V52A-03 (abstr.).
47. 2O at 200 MPa, and the internal differentiation of granitic pegmatites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 102, 1-17.
48. London, D., Morgan, G. B., VI & Wolf, M. B. (1996) : Boron in granitic rocks and their contact aureoles. In Boron: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry of Boron in the Earth's Crust (E. S. Grew & L. Anovitz, eds.). Rev. Mineral. 33, 299-330.
49. London, D., Morgan, G. B., VI & Wolf, M. B. (2001) : Amblygonite-montebrasite solid solutions as monitors of fluorine in evolved granitic and pegmatitic melts. Am. Mineral. 86, 225-233.
50. London, D., Wolf, M. B., Morgan, G. B., VI & Gallego Garrido, M. (1999) : Experimental silicate-phosphate equilibria in peraluminous granitic magmas, with a case study of the Alburquerque batholith at Tres Arroyos, Badajoz, Spain. J. Petrol. 40, 215-240.
51. Martin, R. F. (1988) : The K-feldspar mineralogy of granites and rhyolites; a generalized case of pseudomorphism of the magmatic phase. Rendiconti delta Societa Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 43, 343-354.
52. Martin, R. F. (2008) : The mobility of elements as displayed in polythermal experiments, and their relevance to pegmatite genesis and anatexis in rift settings. Geol. Assoc. Can. - Mineral. Assoc. Can., Program Abstr. 33, 105.
53. Merritt, C. A. (1924) : The Function of Gels in the Formation of Pegmatites and of Quartz and Carbonate Veins. M. Sc. thesis, Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
54. Moody, J. B., Meyer, D. & Jenkins, J. E. (1983) : Experimental characterization of the greenschist/amphibolite boundary in mafic systems. Am. J. Sci. 283, 48-92.
55. 2O), and alkali transport in granitic liquids. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 155, 257-269.
56. Morgan, G. B., VI & London, D. (1987) : Alteration of amphibolitic wallrocks around the Tanco rare-element pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba. Am. Mineral. 72, 1097-1121.
57. Morgan, G. B., VI & London, D. (1999) : Crystallization of the Little Three layered pegmatite-aplite dike, Ramona District, California. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 136, 310-330.
58. 2O) : the effect of undercooling on crystal-liquid systematics. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 150, 456-471.
59. Mungall, J. E. (2002) : Empirical models relating viscosity and tracer diffusion in magmatic silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66, 125-143.
60. 2O diffusion in rhyolite at 1-2 GPa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71, A715 (abstr.).
61. Norton, J. J. (1966) : Ternary diagrams of the quartz-feldspar content of pegmatites in Colorado. U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 1241, D1-D16.
62. Parsons, I., Magree, C. W., Allen, C. M., Shelley, J. M. G. & Lee, M. R. (2009) : Mutual replacement reactions in alkali feldspars. II. Trace element partitioning and geothermometry. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 157, 663-687.
63. Paul, K. A., London, D. & Morgan, G. B., VI (2006) : Thermal history of the Little Three pegmatite, Ramona, California, based on two-feldspar geothermometry. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Programs 38, 295.
64. Price, J., Hogan, J. P., Gilbert, M. C., London, D. & Morgan, G. B., VI (1999) : An experimental study of titanite-fluorite equilibria in the A-type Mount Scott granite: implications for assessing F contents of felsic magmas. Geology 27, 951-954.
65. Ritland, H. N. (1955) : Relation between refractive index and density of a glass a constant temperature. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 38, 86-88.
66. 2O viscosities at 1000 and 2000 bars in the temperature range 700° to 900°C. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 6337-6343.
67. Sirbescu, M. L. & Nabelek, P. I. (2003) : Crystallization conditions and evolution of magmatic fluids in the Harney Peak Granite and associated pegmatites, Black Hills, South Dakota; evidence from fluid inclusions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 2443-2465.
68. Smith, V. G., Tiller, T. P. & Rutter, J. W. (1955) : A mathematical analysis of solute redistribution during solidification. Can. J. Phys. 33, 723-744.
69. Stilling, A., ČernÝ, P. & Vanstone, P. J. (2006) : The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba. XVI. Zonal and bulk compositions and their petrogenetic significance. Can. Mineral. 44, 599-623.
70. Swanson, S. E. (1977) : Relation of nucleation and crystalgrowth to the development of granitic textures. Am. Mineral. 62, 966-978.
71. Tagirov, B., Schott, J., Harrichoury, J.-C. & Salvi, S. (2002) : Experimental study of aluminum speciation in fluoride-rich supercritical fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ada 66, 2013-2024.
72. Taylor, B. E., Foord, E. E. & Friedrichsen, H. (1979) : Stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies of gem-bearing granitic pegmatite-aplite dikes, San Diego Co., California. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 68, 187-205.
73. Taylor, M. C. (2006) : The gel model for the formation of gem-bearing pockets within granitic pegmatites, and implications for gem synthesis. Gems and Gemology 42, 110-111 (abstr.).
74. Thomas, R. & Klemm, W. (1997) : Microthermometric study of silicate melt inclusions in Variscan granites from SE Germany: volatile contents and entrapment conditions. J. Petrol. 38, 1753-1765.
75. Thomas, R. & Webster, J. D. (2000) : Strong tin enrichment in a pegmatite-forming melt. Mineral. Deposita 35, 570-582.
76. 2O. Geol. Soc. Am., Mem. 74.
77. Vetere, F., Linnen, R. L., Holtz, F. & Behrens, H. (2008) : Viscosity of a synthetic pegmatite melt. Geol. Assoc. Can. - Mineral. Assoc. Can., Program Abstr. 33, 178-179.
78. Watson, E. B. & Baker, D. (1991) : Chemical diffusion in magmas: an overview of experimental results and geochemical applications. In Physical Chemistry of Magmas (L. L. Perchuk & I. Kushiro, eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, N. Y. (120-151).
79. WOHLETZ, K. (1999) : KWare HEAT3D software. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Open File Program LA-CC 99-27.
80. Wolf, M. B. & London, D. (1994) : Apatite dissolution into peraluminous haplogranitic melts: an experimental study of solubilities and mechanisms. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4127-4145.
81. Wolf, M. B. & London, D. (1997) : Boron in granitic magmas: stability of tourmaline in equilibrium with biotite and cordierite. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 130, 12-30.