메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 124, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1495-1503

Policy statement - Media violence

Author keywords

Media violence

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; CHILD HEALTH CARE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; DESENSITIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FAMILY COUNSELING; FEAR; GROUPS BY AGE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; MASS MEDIUM; NIGHTMARE; PEDIATRICIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 70350508306     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-2146     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (145)

References (113)
  • 1
    • 84942949399 scopus 로고
    • Influence of TV crime programs on children's health
    • Smith A. Influence of TV crime programs on children's health. J Am Med Assoc. 1952; 150(1):37
    • (1952) J Am Med Assoc , vol.150 , Issue.1 , pp. 37
    • Smith, A.1
  • 2
    • 20444427582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents and media violence: Six crucial issues for practitioners
    • vii
    • Hogan MJ. Adolescents and media violence: six crucial issues for practitioners. Adolesc Med Clin. 2005;16(2):249 -268, vii
    • (2005) Adolesc Med Clin , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-268
    • Hogan, M.J.1
  • 4
    • 34249875752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Go ahead punk, make my day: It's time for pediatricians to take action against media violence
    • Available at
    • Strasburger VC. Go ahead punk, make my day: it's time for pediatricians to take action against media violence. Pediatrics. 2007; 119(6). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/119/6/e1398
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , Issue.6
    • Strasburger, V.C.1
  • 5
    • 0003554366 scopus 로고
    • US Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, US Public Health Service; Publication No. HSM 72-9090
    • US Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior. Television and Growing Up: The Impact of Televised Violence - Report to the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, US Public Health Service; 1972. Publication No. HSM 72-9090
    • (1972) Television and Growing Up: The Impact of Televised Violence - Report to the Surgeon General
  • 7
    • 84869644955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; American Psychological Association; American Medical Association; American Academy of Family Physicians; American Psychiatric Association. Available at: Accessed January 26, 2009
    • American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; American Psychological Association; American Medical Association; American Academy of Family Physicians; American Psychiatric Association. Joint statement on the impact of entertainment violence on children: Congressional public health summit - July 26, 2000. Available at: www.aap.org/advocacy/ releases/jstmtevc.htm. Accessed January 26, 2009
    • Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children: Congressional Public Health Summit - July 26, 2000
  • 11
    • 16644364641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Well-child visits in the video age: Pediatricians and the American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines for children's media use
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2003-1121-L
    • Gentile DA, Obert C, Sherwood NE, Story M, Walsh DA, Hogan M. Well-child exams in the video age: pediatricians and the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for children's media use. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):1235-1241 (Pubitemid 41647682)
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , Issue.5 , pp. 1235-1241
    • Gentile, D.A.1    Oberg, C.2    Sherwood, N.E.3    Story, M.4    Walsh, D.A.5    Hogan, M.6
  • 12
    • 40249114764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media violence: The effects are both real and strong
    • Murray JP. Media violence: the effects are both real and strong. Am Behav Sci. 2008;51(8):1212-1230
    • (2008) Am Behav Sci , vol.51 , Issue.8 , pp. 1212-1230
    • Murray, J.P.1
  • 15
    • 34248137478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital childhood: Electronic media and technology use among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-1804
    • Vandewater EA, Rideout VJ, Wartella EA, Huang X, Lee JH, Shim MS. Digital childhood: electronic media and technology use among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Pediatrics. 2007;119(5). Available at: www. pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/119/5/e1006 (Pubitemid 46715636)
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , Issue.5
    • Vandewater, E.A.1    Rideout, V.J.2    Wartella, E.A.3    Huang, X.4    Lee, J.H.5    Shim, M.-S.6
  • 17
    • 0036267193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children
    • Dennison BA, Erb TA, Jenkins PL. Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children. Pediatrics. 2002;109(6): 1028-1035
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , Issue.6 , pp. 1028-1035
    • Dennison, B.A.1    Erb, T.A.2    Jenkins, P.L.3
  • 18
    • 33847649926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-rated movies, bedroom televisions, and initiation of smoking by white and black adolescents
    • DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.3.260
    • Jackson C, Brown JD, L'Engle KL. R-rated movies, bedroom televisions, and initiation of smoking by white and black adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(3): 260-268 (Pubitemid 46364329)
    • (2007) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , vol.161 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-268
    • Jackson, C.1    Brown, J.D.2    L'Engle, K.L.3
  • 19
    • 0036225501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A normative study of family media habits
    • Gentile DA, Walsh DA. A normative study of family media habits. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2002;23(2):157-178
    • (2002) J Appl Dev Psychol , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-178
    • Gentile, D.A.1    Walsh, D.A.2
  • 20
    • 22344444495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The remote, the mouse, and the No.2 pencil: The household media environment and academic achievement among third grade students
    • Borzekowski DL, Robinson TN. The remote, the mouse, and the No.2 pencil: the household media environment and academic achievement among third grade students. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(7): 607-613
    • (2005) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.159 , Issue.7 , pp. 607-613
    • Borzekowski, D.L.1    Robinson, T.N.2
  • 22
    • 0003912940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federman J, ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Federman J, ed. National Television Violence Study. Vol 3. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1998
    • (1998) National Television Violence Study , vol.3
  • 23
    • 0034737964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence in G-rated animated films
    • Yokota F, Thompson KM. Violence in G-rated animated films. JAMA. 2000;283(20): 2716-2720
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , Issue.20 , pp. 2716-2720
    • Yokota, F.1    Thompson, K.M.2
  • 24
    • 34249896658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violent entertainment pitched to adolescents: An analysis of PG-13 Films
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-1319
    • Webb T, Jenkins L, Browne N, Afifi AA, Kraus J. Violent entertainment pitched to adolescents: an analysis of PG-13 films. Pediatrics. 2007;119(6). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/119/6/e1219 (Pubitemid 46871238)
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , Issue.6
    • Webb, T.1    Jenkins, L.2    Browne, N.3    Afifi, A.A.4    Kraus, J.5
  • 26
    • 0031918526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggressors or victims: Gender and race in music video violence
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.101.4.669
    • Rich M, Woods ER, Goodman E, Emans SJ, Du-Rant RH. Aggressors or victims: gender and race in music video violence. Pediatrics. 1998;101(4 pt 1):669-674 (Pubitemid 28180155)
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.101 , Issue.4 I , pp. 669-674
    • Rich, M.1    Woods, E.R.2    Goodman, E.3    Emans, S.J.4    Durant, R.H.5
  • 29
    • 58149171492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkages between Internet and other media violence with seriously violent behavior by youth
    • Ybarra ML, Dierner-West M, Markow D, Leaf PJ, Hamburger M, Boxer P. Linkages between Internet and other media violence with seriously violent behavior by youth. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):929-937
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , Issue.5 , pp. 929-937
    • Ybarra, M.L.1    Dierner-West, M.2    Markow, D.3    Leaf, P.J.4    Hamburger, M.5    Boxer, P.6
  • 30
    • 84889352919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rating systems for media products
    • Calvert S, Wilson B, eds. Boston, MA: Blackwell
    • Gentile DA. The rating systems for media products. In: Calvert S, Wilson B, eds. Handbook on Children and Media. Boston, MA: Blackwell; 2007:527-551
    • (2007) Handbook on Children and Media , pp. 527-551
    • Gentile, D.A.1
  • 33
    • 0030526142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Playing Violent Video and Computer Games and Adolescent Self-Concept
    • Funk JB, Buchman DD. Playing violent video and computer games and adolescent selfconcept. J Commun. 1996;46(2):19-32 (Pubitemid 126064987)
    • (1996) Journal of Communication , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 19-32
    • Funk, J.B.1    Buchman, D.D.2
  • 34
    • 76349124116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minneapolis, MN: National Institute on Media and the Family; Available at: Accessed January 26, 2009
    • Walsh D, Gentile DA, Walsh E, et al. Tenth Annual MediaWise Video Game Report Card. Minneapolis, MN: National Institute on Media and the Family; 2006. Available at: www.mediafamily.org/research/report-vgrc-2005.shtml. Accessed January 26, 2009
    • (2006) Tenth Annual MediaWise Video Game Report Card
    • Walsh, D.1    Gentile, D.A.2    Walsh, E.3
  • 35
    • 0032369821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior
    • Dietz TL. An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games: implications for gender socialization and aggressive behavior. Sex Roles. 1998;38(5-6):425-442 (Pubitemid 128048855)
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.38 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 425-442
    • Dietz, T.L.1
  • 36
    • 33746223161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risky business: What primary care practitioners need to know about the influence of the media on adolescents
    • Strasburger VC. Risky business: what primary care practitioners need to know about the influence of the media on adolescents. Prim Care. 2006;33(2):317-348
    • (2006) Prim Care , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 317-348
    • Strasburger, V.C.1
  • 38
    • 3042707184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's violent television viewing: Are parents monitoring?
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.114.1.94
    • Cheng TL, Brenner RA, Wright JL, Sachs HC, Moyer P, Rao MR. Children's violent television viewing: are parents monitoring? Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):94-99 (Pubitemid 38857571)
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-99
    • Cheng, T.L.1    Brenner, R.A.2    Wright, J.L.3    Sachs, H.C.4    Moyer, P.5    Rao, M.R.6
  • 39
    • 25144442748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the motion picture association of America's treatment of violence in PG-, PG-13-, and R-rated films
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-1977
    • Jenkins L, Webb T, Browne N, Afifi AA, Kraus J. An evaluation of the Motion Picture Association of America's treatment of violence in PG-, PG-13-, and R-rated films. Pediatrics. 2005; 115(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/115/5/e512 (Pubitemid 43843208)
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , Issue.5
    • Jenkins, L.1    Webb, T.2    Browne, N.3    Afifi, A.A.4    Kraus, J.5
  • 42
    • 0034995460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A validity test of movie, television, and video-game ratings
    • Walsh DA, Gentile DA. A validity test of movie, television, and video-game ratings. Pediatrics. 2001;107(6):1302-1308
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.107 , Issue.6 , pp. 1302-1308
    • Walsh, D.A.1    Gentile, D.A.2
  • 43
    • 63149172258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and violent-content labels make video games forbidden fruits for youth
    • Bijvank MN, Konijn EA, Bushman BJ, Roelofsma PHMP. Age and violent-content labels make video games forbidden fruits for youth. Pediatrics. 2009;123(3):870-876
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 870-876
    • Bijvank, M.N.1    Konijn, E.A.2    Bushman, B.J.3    Phmp, R.4
  • 44
    • 0003953710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. The Ratings Game. Choosing Your Child's Entertainment. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2000
    • (2000) The Ratings Game. Choosing Your Child's Entertainment
  • 45
    • 85047687749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal relations between children's exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977-1992
    • Huesmann LR, Moise-Titus J, Podolski CL, Eron LD. Longitudinal relations between children's exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977-1992. Dev Psychol. 2003;39(2):201-221
    • (2003) Dev Psychol , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-221
    • Huesmann, L.R.1    Moise-Titus, J.2    Podolski, C.L.3    Eron, L.D.4
  • 46
    • 0242719782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violent media content and aggressiveness in adolescents: A downward spiral model
    • Slater MD, Henry KL, Swaim RC, Anderson LL. Violent media content and aggressiveness in adolescents: a downward spiral model. Commun Res. 2003;30(6):713-736
    • (2003) Commun Res , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 713-736
    • Slater, M.D.1    Henry, K.L.2    Swaim, R.C.3    Anderson, L.L.4
  • 47
    • 33645564027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term and long-term effects of violent media on aggression in children and adults
    • Bushman BJ, Huesmann LR. Short-term and long-term effects of violent media on aggression in children and adults. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160(4):348-352
    • (2006) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.160 , Issue.4 , pp. 348-352
    • Bushman, B.J.1    Huesmann, L.R.2
  • 48
    • 84869639337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed January 28, 2009
    • Center on Media and Child Health. Available at: www.cmch.tv. Accessed January 28, 2009
  • 49
    • 84965400467 scopus 로고
    • The Effects of Television Violence on Antisocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis
    • Paik H, Comstock G. The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis. Commun Res. 1994;21(4):516-546 (Pubitemid 24812845)
    • (1994) Communication Research , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 516
    • Paik, H.1    Comstock, G.2
  • 50
    • 0002425385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of televised violence on aggression
    • Singer D, Singer JL, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Bushman BJ, Huesmann LR. Effects of televised violence on aggression. In: Singer D, Singer JL, eds. Handbook of Children and the Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2001:223-254
    • (2001) Handbook of Children and the Media , pp. 223-254
    • Bushman, B.J.1    Huesmann, L.R.2
  • 51
    • 0001785679 scopus 로고
    • Social cognitive theory of mass communication
    • Bryant J, Zillmann D, eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In: Bryant J, Zillmann D, eds. Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1994:61-90
    • (1994) Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research , pp. 61-90
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 52
    • 0022698182 scopus 로고
    • The development of children's knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction
    • Flavell JH. The development of children's knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction. Am Psychol. 1986;41(4):418-425
    • (1986) Am Psychol , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 418-425
    • Flavell, J.H.1
  • 53
    • 21344497209 scopus 로고
    • Young children's perceptions of television reality: Determinants and developmental differences
    • Wright JC, Huston AC, Reitz AL, Pieymat S. Young children's perceptions of television reality: determinants and developmental differences. Dev Psychol. 1994;30(2):229-239
    • (1994) Dev Psychol , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-239
    • Wright, J.C.1    Huston, A.C.2    Reitz, A.L.3    Pieymat, S.4
  • 55
    • 0037192524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1062929
    • Johnson JG, Cohen P, Smailes EM, Kasen S, Brook JS. Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science. 2002;295(5564):2468-2471 (Pubitemid 34270264)
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , Issue.5564 , pp. 2468-2471
    • Johnson, J.G.1    Cohen, P.2    Smailes, E.M.3    Kasen, S.4    Brook, J.S.5
  • 57
    • 0024120497 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women
    • Linz DG, Donnerstein E, Penrod S. Effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;55(5):758-768
    • (1988) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 758-768
    • Linz, D.G.1    Donnerstein, E.2    Penrod, S.3
  • 59
    • 33750995903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television Viewing and Forms of Bullying among Adolescents from Eight Countries
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.06.007, PII S1054139X06002503
    • Kuntsche E, Pickett W, Overpeck M, Craig W, Boyce W, Gaspar de Matos M. Television viewing and forms of bullying among adolescents from eight countries. J Adolesc Health. 2006; 39(6):908-915 (Pubitemid 44751490)
    • (2006) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 908-915
    • Kuntsche, E.1    Pickett, W.2    Overpeck, M.3    Craig, W.4    Boyce, W.5    De Matos, M.G.6
  • 60
    • 84985083767 scopus 로고
    • The "mainstreaming" of America: Violence profile No. 11
    • Gerbner G, Gross L, Morgan M, Signorielli N. The " mainstreaming" of America: violence profile No. 11. J Commun. 1980;30(3):10-29
    • (1980) J Commun , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 10-29
    • Gerbner, G.1    Gross, L.2    Morgan, M.3    Signorielli, N.4
  • 61
    • 0019862732 scopus 로고
    • Television viewing and anxiety: An experimental examination
    • Bryant J, Carveth RA, Brown D. Television viewing and anxiety: an experimental examination. J Commun. 1981;31(1):106-119
    • (1981) J Commun , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-119
    • Bryant, J.1    Carveth, R.A.2    Brown, D.3
  • 62
    • 0034171141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life
    • Anderson CA, Dill KE. Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2000;78(4):772-790
    • (2000) J Personal Soc Psychol , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 772-790
    • Anderson, C.A.1    Dill, K.E.2
  • 65
    • 33645561253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is television viewing associated with social isolation? Roles of exposure time, viewing context, and violent content
    • Bickham DS, Rich M. Is television viewing associated with social isolation? Roles of exposure time, viewing context, and violent content. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006; 160(4):387-392
    • (2006) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.160 , Issue.4 , pp. 387-392
    • Bickham, D.S.1    Rich, M.2
  • 66
    • 0001483257 scopus 로고
    • Effects of film violence on inhibitions against subsequent aggression
    • Berkowitz L, Rawlings E. Effects of film violence on inhibitions against subsequent aggression. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 1963;66(3):405-412
    • (1963) J Abnorm Soc Psychol , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 405-412
    • Berkowitz, L.1    Rawlings, E.2
  • 67
    • 0010413729 scopus 로고
    • The catharsis of aggression: An evaluation of a hypothesis
    • Berkowitz L, ed. NY: Academic Press; New York
    • Geen RG, Quanty MB. The catharsis of aggression: an evaluation of a hypothesis. In: Berkowitz L, ed. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. NY: Academic Press; 1977: 1-37Vol 10. New York
    • (1977) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 1-37
    • Geen, R.G.1    Quanty, M.B.2
  • 68
    • 0033094847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: Self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies?
    • Bushman BJ, Baumeister RF, Stack AD. Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies? J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;76(3):367-376
    • (1999) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 367-376
    • Bushman, B.J.1    Baumeister, R.F.2    Stack, A.D.3
  • 69
    • 0001219435 scopus 로고
    • Does media violence increase children's toleration of reallife aggression?
    • Drabman RS, Thomas MH. Does media violence increase children's toleration of reallife aggression? Dev Psychol. 1974;10(3):418-421
    • (1974) Dev Psychol , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 418-421
    • Drabman, R.S.1    Thomas, M.H.2
  • 70
    • 0017498940 scopus 로고
    • Desensitization to portrayals of real-life aggression as a function of exposure to television violence
    • Thomas MH, Horton RW, Lippincott EC, Drabman RS. Desensitization to portrayals of real-life aggression as a function of exposure to television violence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1977;35(6):450-458
    • (1977) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 450-458
    • Thomas, M.H.1    Horton, R.W.2    Lippincott, E.C.3    Drabman, R.S.4
  • 71
    • 33947714818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence
    • Carnagey NL, Anderson CA, Bushman BJ. The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2007;43(3):489-496
    • (2007) J Exp Soc Psychol , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 489-496
    • Carnagey, N.L.1    Anderson, C.A.2    Bushman, B.J.3
  • 72
    • 62349123807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comfortably numb: Desensitizing effects of violent media on helping others
    • Bushman BJ, Anderson CA. Comfortably numb: desensitizing effects of violent media on helping others. Psychol Sci. 2009;20(3):273-277
    • (2009) Psychol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-277
    • Bushman, B.J.1    Anderson, C.A.2
  • 73
    • 21844520663 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive tempo, violent video games, and aggressive behavior in young boys
    • Irwin AR, Gross AM. Cognitive tempo, violent video games, and aggressive behavior in young boys. J Fam Violence. 1995;10(3):337-350
    • (1995) J Fam Violence , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-350
    • Irwin, A.R.1    Gross, A.M.2
  • 74
    • 38249035410 scopus 로고
    • The effects of video game play on young children's aggression, fantasy, and prosocial behavior
    • Silverman SB, Williamson PA. The effects of video game play on young children's aggression, fantasy, and prosocial behavior. J Appl Dev Psychol. 1987;8(4):453-462
    • (1987) J Appl Dev Psychol , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-462
    • Silverman, S.B.1    Williamson, P.A.2
  • 75
    • 10744232442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Playing violent electronic games, hostile attributional style, and aggression-related norms in German adolescents
    • DOI 10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.006
    • Krahé B, Möller I. Playing violent electronic games, hostile attributional style, and aggression-related norms in German adolescents. J Adolesc. 2004;27(1):53-69 (Pubitemid 38228505)
    • (2004) Journal of Adolescence , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-69
    • Krahe, B.1    Moller, I.2
  • 77
    • 58149170201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal effects of violent video games on aggression in Japan and the United States
    • Available at
    • Anderson CA, Sakamoto A, Gentile DA, et al. Longitudinal effects of violent video games on aggression in Japan and the United States. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/122/5/e1067
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , Issue.5
    • Anderson, C.A.1    Sakamoto, A.2    Gentile, D.A.3
  • 78
  • 79
    • 46349084825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital game violence and direct aggression in adolescence: A longitudinal study of the roles of sex, age, and parent-child communication
    • Wallenius M, Punamaki RL. Digital game violence and direct aggression in adolescence: a longitudinal study of the roles of sex, age, and parent-child communication. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2008;29(4):286-294
    • (2008) J Appl Dev Psychol , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 286-294
    • Wallenius, M.1    Punamaki, R.L.2
  • 80
    • 65549102168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of prosocial video games on prosocial behaviors: International evidence from correlational, longitudinal, and experimental studies
    • Gentile DA, Anderson CA, Yukawa S, et al. The effects of prosocial video games on prosocial behaviors: international evidence from correlational, longitudinal, and experimental studies. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009;35(6):752-763
    • (2009) Pers Soc Psychol Bull , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 752-763
    • Gentile, D.A.1    Anderson, C.A.2    Yukawa, S.3
  • 81
    • 65549110375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: A national study
    • Gentile D. Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: a national study. Psychol Sci. 2009;20(5):594-602
    • (2009) Psychol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 594-602
    • Gentile, D.1
  • 82
    • 84869659248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of interactive violence on children: Hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
    • statement of Craig Anderson, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University. Available at: Accessed August 31, 2009
    • The impact of interactive violence on children: hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. 106th Congress, 1st session (March 21, 2000) [statement of Craig Anderson, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University]. Available at: www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/ content-storage-01/0000019b/80/23/4b/03.pdf. Accessed August 31, 2009
    • 106th Congress, 1st Session (March 21, 2000)
  • 83
    • 0032043249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence on computer games by adolescents
    • Griffiths MD, Hunt N. Dependence on computer games by adolescents. Psychol Rep. 1998;82(2):475-480
    • (1998) Psychol Rep , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 475-480
    • Griffiths, M.D.1    Hunt, N.2
  • 84
    • 34547745519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media violence and social neuroscience: New questions and new opportunities
    • Carnagey NL, Anderson CA, Bartholow BD. Media violence and social neuroscience: new questions and new opportunities. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2007;16(4):178-182
    • (2007) Curr Dir Psychol Sci , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 178-182
    • Carnagey, N.L.1    Anderson, C.A.2    Bartholow, B.D.3
  • 85
    • 44849126211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: United States, 2007
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: United States, 2007. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2008;57(4):1-131
    • (2008) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-131
    • Eaton, D.K.1    Kann, L.2    Kinchen, S.3
  • 87
    • 84855641707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • San Francisco, CA: University of California, San Francisco; Available at: Accessed January 28, 2009
    • National Adolescent Health Information Center. 2007 Fact Sheet on Violence: Adolescents & Young Adults. San Francisco, CA: University of California, San Francisco; 2007. Available at: http://nahic.ucsf.edu/downloads/ violence.pdf. Accessed January 28, 2009
    • (2007) 2007 Fact Sheet on Violence: Adolescents & Young Adults
  • 88
    • 0004194536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics. 31st ed. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; Available at: Accessed June 29, 2007
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. 31st ed. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; 2003. Available at: www.albany.edu/sourcebook. Accessed June 29, 2007
    • (2003) Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics
  • 91
    • 0020756240 scopus 로고
    • Mitigating the imitation of aggressive behaviors by changing children's attitudes about media violence
    • Huesmann LR, Eron LD, Klein R, Brice P, Fischer P. Mitigating the imitation of aggressive behaviors by changing children's attitudes about media violence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983;44(5):899-910
    • (1983) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 899-910
    • Huesmann, L.R.1    Eron, L.D.2    Klein, R.3    Brice, P.4    Fischer, P.5
  • 93
    • 33646379608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Clueless": Why do pediatricians underestimate the media's influence on children and adolescents?
    • Strasburger VC. "Clueless": why do pediatricians underestimate the media's influence on children and adolescents? Pediatrics. 2006;117(4):1427-1431
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , Issue.4 , pp. 1427-1431
    • Strasburger, V.C.1
  • 94
    • 33846904605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bonds
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications and Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health
    • Ginsburg KR; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications and Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bonds. Pediatrics. 2007;119(1):182-191
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , Issue.1 , pp. 182-191
    • Ginsburg, K.R.1
  • 95
    • 0032804969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media education
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education.
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education. Media education. Pediatrics. 1999;104(2 pt 1):341-343
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.104 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 341-343
  • 96
    • 34247465248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children and television: A primer for pediatricians
    • Christakis DA, Zimmerman FJ. Children and television: a primer for pediatricians. Contemp Pediatr. 2007;24(3):31-45
    • (2007) Contemp Pediatr , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 31-45
    • Christakis, D.A.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2
  • 97
    • 48249086945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is office-based counseling about media use, time-outs, and firearm storage effective? Results from a cluster-randomized, controlled trial
    • Available at
    • Barkin SL, Finch SA, Ip EH, et al. Is office-based counseling about media use, time-outs, and firearm storage effective? Results from a cluster-randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/122/1/e15
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , Issue.1
    • Barkin, S.L.1    Finch, S.A.2    Ip, E.H.3
  • 98
    • 34548664376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First do no harm: Why have parents and pediatricians missed the boat on children and media?
    • Strasburger VC. First do no harm: why have parents and pediatricians missed the boat on children and media? J Pediatr. 2007; 151(4):334-336
    • (2007) J Pediatr , vol.151 , Issue.4 , pp. 334-336
    • Strasburger, V.C.1
  • 99
    • 57449101062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of infant media usage: What do we know and what should we learn?
    • Christakis DA. The effects of infant media usage: what do we know and what should we learn? Acta Paediatr. 2009; 98(1):8-16
    • (2009) Acta Paediatr , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-16
    • Christakis, D.A.1
  • 100
    • 63149171249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television viewing in infancy and child cognition at 3 years of age in a US cohort
    • Available at
    • Schmidt ME, Rich M, Rifas-Shiman SL, et al. Television viewing in infancy and child cognition at 3 years of age in a US cohort. Pediatrics. 2009;123(3). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/123/3/e370
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123 , pp. 3
    • Schmidt, M.E.1    Rich, M.2    Rifas-Shiman, S.L.3
  • 101
    • 34548661300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071, PII S0022347607004477
    • Zimmerman FJ, Christakis DA, Meltzoff AN. Associations between media viewing and language development in children under age 2 years. J Pediatr. 2007;151(4):364-368 (Pubitemid 47418003)
    • (2007) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.151 , Issue.4 , pp. 364-368
    • Zimmerman, F.J.1    Christakis, D.A.2    Meltzoff, A.N.3
  • 102
    • 11144318621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants' and toddlers' television viewing and language outcomes
    • DOI 10.1177/0002764204271505
    • Linebarger DL, Walker D. Infants' and toddlers' television viewing and language outcomes. Am Behav Sci. 2005;48(5):624-625 (Pubitemid 40030934)
    • (2005) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 624-645
    • Linebarger, D.L.1    Walker, D.2
  • 103
    • 0000969155 scopus 로고
    • Structure and strategy in learning to talk
    • Serial No. 149
    • Nelson K. Structure and strategy in learning to talk. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 1973; 38(1-2):1-135. Serial No. 149
    • (1973) Monogr Soc Res Child Dev , vol.38 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-135
    • Nelson, K.1
  • 104
    • 34249930570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television viewing, reduced parental utterance, and delayed speech development in infants and young children [6]
    • Tanimura M, Okuma K, Kyoshima K. Television viewing, reduced parental utterance, and delayed speech development in infants and young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(6):618-619 (Pubitemid 46878697)
    • (2007) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , vol.161 , Issue.6 , pp. 618-619
    • Tanimura, M.1    Okuma, K.2    Kyoshima, K.3
  • 107
    • 67349273776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study on the relationship between characteristics of TV content and delayed speech development in young children
    • Okuma K, Tanimura M. A preliminary study on the relationship between characteristics of TV content and delayed speech development in young children. Infant Behav Dev. 2009; 32(3):312-321
    • (2009) Infant Behav Dev , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 312-321
    • Okuma, K.1    Tanimura, M.2
  • 108
    • 66349131261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audible television and decreased adult words, infant vocalizations, and conversational turns
    • Christakis DA, Gilkerson J, Richards JA, et al. Audible television and decreased adult words, infant vocalizations, and conversational turns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163(6):554-558
    • (2009) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.163 , Issue.6 , pp. 554-558
    • Christakis, D.A.1    Gilkerson, J.2    Richards, J.A.3
  • 110
    • 70350457864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media literacy/media education: Solution to big media?
    • Strasburger VC, Wilson BJ, Jordan A, eds. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • McCannon B. Media literacy/media education: solution to big media? In: Strasburger VC, Wilson BJ, Jordan A, eds. Children, Adolescents, and the Media. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2009:519-569
    • (2009) Children, Adolescents, and the Media , pp. 519-569
    • McCannon, B.1
  • 111
    • 67349270932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television violence: An intervention to reduce its impact on children
    • Rosenkoetter LI, Rosenkoetter SE, Acock AC. Television violence: an intervention to reduce its impact on children. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2009;30(4):381-397
    • (2009) J Appl Dev Psychol , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-397
    • Rosenkoetter, L.I.1    Rosenkoetter, S.E.2    Acock, A.C.3
  • 113
    • 66449093491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media and children: What needs to happen now?
    • Strasburger VC. Media and children: what needs to happen now? JAMA. 2009;301(21):2265-2266
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , Issue.21 , pp. 2265-2266
    • Strasburger, V.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.