Does subliminal visual perception have an error-monitoring system?

European Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 30, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1424-1431

  Pavone, Enea Francesco ^a,c   Marzi, Carlo Alberto ^a,b   Girelli, Massimo ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^b CNR Institute of Neuroscience   (Italy)

^c IRCCS FONDAZIONE SANTA LUCIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Consciousness; Error positivity; Error related negativity; Human; Implicit vision; Post error slowing

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ERROR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STIMULUS RESPONSE; VISION; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BRAIN; DISCRIMINATION (PSYCHOLOGY); ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY; EVOKED POTENTIALS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; SUBLIMINAL STIMULATION; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 70350462123     PISSN: 0953816X     EISSN: 14609568     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06908.x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bartholow, B., Pearson, M., Dickter, C., Sher, K., Fabiani, M. Gratton, G. (2005) "Strategic control and medial frontal negativity: Beyond errors and response conflict". Psychophysiology, 42, 33 42.
2. Brown, J. Braver, T. (2005) "Learned predictions of error likelihood in the anterior cingulate cortex". Science, 307, 1118 1121.
3. Carter, C., Braver, T., Barch, D., Botvinick, M., Noll, D. Cohen, J. (1998) "Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and the online monitoring of performance". Science, 280, 747 749. (Pubitemid 28243351)
4. Coles, M., Scheffers, M. Holroyd, C. (2001) "Why is there an ERN/Ne on correct trials? Response representations, stimulus-related components, and the theory of error-processing". Biol. Psychol., 56, 173 189.
5. Endrass, T., Franke, C. Kathmann, N. (2005) "Error awareness in a saccade countermanding task". J. Psychophysiol., 19, 275 280.
6. Endrass, T., Reuter, B. Kathmann, N. (2007) "ERP correlates of conscious error recognition: aware and unaware errors in an antisaccade task". Eur. J. Neurosci., 26, 1714 1720.
7. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J. Blanke, L. (1991) "Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks". Electroencephal. Clin. Neurophysiol., 78, 447 455.
8. Falkenstein, M., Hoormann, J., Christ, S. Hohnsbein, J. (2000) "ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: a tutorial". Biol. Psychol., 51, 87 107.
9. Fehrer, E. Biederman, I. (1962) "A comparison of reaction time and verbal report in the detection of masked stimuli". J. Exp. Psychol., 64, 126 130.
10. Forster, B. Pavone, E. (2008) "Electrophysiological correlates of crossmodal visual distractor congruency effects: evidence for response conflict". Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci., 8, 65 73.
11. Frank, M., Woroch, B. Curran, T. (2005) "Error-related negativity predicts reinforcement learning and conflict biases". Neuron, 47, 495 501.
12. Fuster, J. (2000) "Executive frontal functions". Exp. Brain Res., 133, 66 70.
13. Gehring, W. Fencsik, D. (2001) "Functions of the medial frontal cortex in the processing of conflict and errors". J. Neurosci., 21, 9430 9437.
14. Gehring, W. Knight, R. (2000) "Prefrontal-cingulate interactions in action monitoring". Nat. Neurosci., 3, 516 520.
15. Gehring, W. Willoughby, A. (2002) "The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses". Science, 295, 2279 2282.
16. Gehring, W., Goss, B., Coles, M., Meyer, D. Donchin, E. (1993) "A neural system for error detection and compensation". Psychol. Sci., 4, 385 390.
17. Hajcak, G. Foti, D. (2008) "Errors are aversive Defensive motivation and the Error-Related Negativity". Psychol. Sci., 19, 103 108.
18. Hajcak, G., Moser, J., Yeung, N. Simons, R. (2005) "On the ERN and the significance of errors". Psychophysiology, 42, 151 160.
19. Hajcak, G., Moser, J., Holroyd, C. Simons, R. (2007) "It's worse than you thought: The feedback negativity and violations of reward prediction in gambling tasks". Psychophysiology, 44, 905 912.
20. Herrmann, M., Rommler, J., Ehlis, A., Heidrich, A. Fallgatter, A. (2004) "Source localization (LORETA) of the error-related-negativity (ERN/Ne) and positivity (Pe)". Cognitive Brain Res., 20, 294 299. (Pubitemid 38748712)
21. Hester, R., Foxe, J.J., Molholm, S., Shpaner, M. Garavan, H. (2005) Neural mechanisms involved in error processing: a comparison of errors made with and without awareness. Neuroimage, 27, 602 608.
22. Holroyd, C. Coles, M. (2002) "The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the Error-Related Negativity". Psychol. Rev., 109, 679 709.
23. Holroyd, C.B., Yeung, N., Coles, M.G. Cohen, J.D. (2005) "A mechanism for error detection in speeded response time tasks". J. Exp. Psychol. Gen., 134, 163 191.
24. Jaskowski, P., Skalska, B. Verleger, R. (2003) "How the self controls its "Automatic Pilot" when processing subliminal information". J. Cogn. Neurosci., 15, 911 920.
25. Jennings, J.R. Wood, C.C. (1976) "The e-adjustment procedure for repeated-measures analyses of variance". Psychophysiology, 13, 277 278.
26. Klein, T., Endrass, T., Kathmann, N., Neumann, J., von Cramon, Y. Ullsperger, M. (2007) "Neural correlates of error awareness". NeuroImage, 34, 1774 1781.
27. Leuthold, H. Sommer, W. (1999) "ERP correlates of error processing in spatial S-R compatibility tasks". Clin. Neurophysiol., 110, 342 357.
28. Luu, P., Collins, P. Tucker, D. (2000) "Mood, Personality, and Self-Monitoring: Negative Affect and Emotionality in Relation to Frontal Lobe Mechanisms of Error Monitoring". J. Exp. Psychol. Gen., 129, 43 60.
29. Marco-Pallares, J., Camara, E., Munte, T.F. Rodriguez-Fornells, A. (2008) "Neural mechanisms underlying adaptive actions after slips". J.Cogn. Neurosci., 20, 1595 1610.
30. Minelli, A., Marzi, C.A. Girelli, M. (2007) "Lateralized readiness potential elicited by undetected visual stimuli"Exp. Brain Res., 179, 683 690.
31. Nieuwenhuis, S., Ridderinkhof, R., Blom, J., Band, G. Kok, A. (2001) "Error-related brain potentials are differentially related to awareness of response errors: Evidence from an antisaccade task". Psychophysiology, 38, 752 760.
32. Notebaert, W., Houtman, F., Opstal, F.V., Gevers, W., Fias, W. Verguts, T. (2009) "Post-error slowing: an orienting account". Cognition, 111, 275 279.
33. O'Connell, R., Dockree, P., Bellgrove, M., Kelly, S., Hester, R., Garavan, H., Robertson, I. Foxe, J. (2007) "The role of cingulate cortex in the detection of errors with and without awarness: a high-density electrical mapping study". Eur. J. Neurosci., 25, 2571 2579.
34. Pailing, P. Segalowitz, S. (2004) "The effects of uncertainty in error monitoring on associated ERPs". Brain Cogn., 56, 215 233.
35. Ruchsow, M., Grothe, J., Spitzer, M. Kiefer, M. (2002) "Human anterior cingulate cortex is activated by negative feedback: evidence from event-related potentials in a guessing task". Neurosci. Lett., 325, 203 206.
36. Rushworth, M., Walton, M., Kennerley, M. Bannerman, S. (2004) "Action sets and decisions in the medial frontal cortex". TRENDS Cogn. Sci., 8, 410 417.
37. Savazzi, S. Marzi, C.A. (2002) "Speeding up reaction time with invisible stimuli". Curr. Biol., 12, 403 407.
38. Scheffers, M. Coles, M. (2000) "Performance monitoring in a confusing world: Error-related brain activity, judgments of response accuracy, and types of errors". J. Exp. Psychol. Human, 26, 141 151.
39. Scheffers, M., Coles, M., Bernstein, P., Gehring, W. Donchin, E. (1996) "Event-related brain potentials and error-related processing: An analysis of incorrect responses to and no-go stimuli". Psychophysiology, 33, 42 53.
40. Seitz, R., Stephan, K. Binkofski, F. (2000) "Control of action as mediated by the human frontal lobe". Exp. Brain Res., 133, 71 80.
41. Smith, E. Jonides, J. (1999) "Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes". Science, 283, 1657 1661.
42. Stemmer, B., Segalowitz, S., Witzke, W. Schonle, P. (2003) "Error detection in patients with lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex: and ERP study". Neuropsychologia, 42, 118 130.
43. Taylor, S., Martis, B., Fitzgerald, K., Welsh, R., Abelson, J., Liberzon, I., Himle, J. Gehring, W. (2006) "Medial frontal cortex activity and loss-related responses to errors". J. Neurosci., 26, 4063 4070.
44. Vidal, F., Hasbroucq, T., Grapperon, J. Bonnet, M. (2000) "Is the 'error negativity' specific to errors?". Biol. Psychol., 51, 109 128.
45. Wang, C., Ulbert, I., Schomer, D., Marinkovic, K. Halgren, E. (2005) "Responses of human anterior cingulate cortex microdomains to error detection, conflict monitoring, stimulus-response mapping, familiarity, and orienting". J. Neurosci., 25, 604 613.
46. Wolbers, T., Schoell, E., Verleger, R., Kraft, S., McNamara, A., Jaskowski, P. Buchel, C. (2006) "Changes in connectivity profiles as a mechanism for strategic control over interfering subliminal information". Cereb. Cortex, 16, 857 864.
47. Yeung, N., Botvinick, M. Cohen, J. (2004) "The neural basis of error detection: conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity". Psychol. Rev., 111, 931 959.
48. Yoshida, W. Ishii, S. (2006) "Resolution of uncertainty in prefrontal cortex". Neuron, 50, 781 789.