HPV-negative vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) with basaloid histologic pattern: An unrecognized variant of simplex (differentiated) VIN

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

Volumn 33, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1659-1665

  Ordi, Jaume ^a   Alejo, Maria ^b   Fusté, Victòria ^a   Lloveras, Belen ^a   Del Pino, Marta ^c   Alonso, Immaculada ^c   Torné, Aureli ^c  

^a Institut catalád'Oncologia IDIBELL   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL GENERAL DE VIC   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Basaloid; Carcinoma in situ; Differentiated; HPV; Human papilloma virus; P16; P53; Simplex; Squamous cell carcinoma; VIN; Vulva; Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

Indexed keywords

CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR 2A; PROTEIN P53;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL HYPERPLASIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KERATINIZATION; KERATINOCYTE; LICHEN SCLEROSUS ET ATROPHICUS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POSTMENOPAUSE; SQUAMOUS CELL; VERRUCA VULGARIS; VULVA TUMOR; WART VIRUS;

AGED; ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; CARCINOMA IN SITU; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DNA, VIRAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERPLASIA; LICHEN SCLEROSUS ET ATROPHICUS; MIDDLE AGED; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; SKIN; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53; VULVAR NEOPLASMS;

EID: 70350435208     PISSN: 01475185     EISSN: 15320979     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181b40081     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Abell MR. Intraepithelial carcinomas of epidermis and squamous mucosa of vulva and perineum. Surg Clin North Am. 1965;45: 1179-1198.
2. Bloss JD, Liao SY, Wilczynski SP, et al. Clinical and histologic features of vulvar carcinomas analyzed for human papillomavirus status: evidence that squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva has more than one etiology. Hum Pathol. 1991;22:711-718.
3. Chiesa-Vottero A, Dvoretsky PM, Hart WR. Histopathologic study of thin vulvar squamous cell carcinomas and associated cutaneous lesions: a correlative study of 48 tumors in 44 patients with analysis of adjacent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia types and lichen sclerosus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:310-318.
4. El-Mofty SK, Lu DW. Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma-virus DNA in nonkeratinizing (cylindrical cell) carcinoma of the sinonasal tract: a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular disease entity. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:1367-1372.
5. Fox H, Wells M. Recent advances in the pathology of the vulva. Histopathology. 2003;42:209-216.
6. Haefner HK, Tate JE, McLachlin CM, et al. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: age, morphological phenotype, papillomavirus DNA, and coexisting invasive carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 1995;26:147-154.
7. Hampl M, Sarajuuri H, Wentzensen N, et al. Effect of human papillomavirus vaccines on vulvar, vaginal, and anal intraepithelial lesions and vulvar cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108:1361-1368.
8. Hart WR. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: historical aspects and current status. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2001;20:16-30.
9. Hillemanns P, Wang X. Integration of HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol. 2006;100: 276-282.
10. Hording U, Daugaard S, Iversen AK, et al. Human papillomavirus type 16 in vulvar carcinoma, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and associated cervical neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol. 1991;42:22-26.
11. Kagie MJ, Kenter GG, Hermans J, et al. The relevance of various vulvar epithelial changes in the early detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 1997;7:50-57. (Pubitemid 27010018)
12. Klaes R, Benner A, Friedrich T, et al. p16INK4a immunohisto-chemistry improves interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002; 26:1389-1399.
13. Kleter B, van Doorn LJ, ter SJ, et al. Novel short-fragment PCR assay for highly sensitive broad-spectrum detection of anogenital human papillomaviruses. Am J Pathol. 1998;153:1731-1739.
14. Klussmann JP, Gultekin E, Weissenborn SJ, et al. Expression of p16 protein identifies a distinct entity of tonsillar carcinomas associated with human papillomavirus. Am J Pathol. 2003;162:747-753.
15. Kohlberger PD, Kirnbauer R, Bancher D, et al. Absence of p53 protein overexpression in precancerous lesions of the vulva. Cancer. 1998;82:323-327.
16. Kong CS, Balzer BL, Troxell ML, et al. p16INK4A immunohis-tochemistry is superior to HPV in situ hybridization for the detection of high-risk HPV in atypical squamous metaplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:33-43.
17. Leibowitch M, Neill S, Pelisse M, et al. The epithelial changes associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a review of the clinical, histological and viral findings in 78 women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97:1135-1139.
18. Lu DW, El-Mofty SK, Wang HL. Expression of p16, Rb, and p53 proteins in squamous cell carcinomas of the anorectal region harboring human papillomavirus DNA. Mod Pathol. 2003; 16:692-699.
19. Madsen BS, Jensen HL, van den Brule AJ, et al. Risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and vagina-population-based case-control study in Denmark. Int J Cancer. 2008;122:2827-2834.
20. McCluggage WG. Recent developments in vulvovaginal pathology. Histopathology. 2009;54:156-173.
21. Mulvany NJ, Allen DG. Differentiated intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2008;27:125-135.
22. Ordi J, Garcia S, del Pino M, et al. p16INK4a immunostaining identifies occult CIN lesions in HPV-positive women. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2009;28:90-97.
23. Pilotti S, D'Amato L, Della TG, et al. Papillomavirus, p53 alteration, and primary carcinoma of the vulva. Diagn Mol Pathol. 1995;4:239-248.
24. Riethdorf S, Neffen EF, Cviko A, et al. p16INK4A expression as biomarker for HPV 16-related vulvar neoplasias. Hum Pathol. 2004;35:1477-1483.
25. Rubin MA, Kleter B, Zhou M, et al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma: evidence for multiple independent pathways of penile carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:1211-1218.
26. Rufforny I, Wilkinson EJ, Liu C, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and p16(INK4a) protein expression in vulvar intraepithe-lial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2005;9:108-113.
27. Ruhul QM, Xu C, Steinhoff MM, et al. Simplex (differentiated) type VIN: absence of p16INK4 supports its weak association with HPV and its probable precursor role in non-HPV related vulvar squamous cancers. Histopathology. 2005;46:718-720.
28. Santos M, Montagut C, Mellado B, et al. Immunohisto-chemical staining for p16 and p53 in premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions of the vulva. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2004;23: 206-214.
29. Santos M, Landolfi S, Olivella A, et al. p16 overexpression identifies HPV-positive vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:1347-1356.
30. Sideri M, Jones RW, Wilkinson EJ, et al. Squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: 2004 modified terminology, ISSVD Vulvar Oncology Subcommittee. J Reprod Med. 2005;50:807-810.
31. Skapa P, Zamecnik J, Hamsikova E, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) profiles of vulvar lesions: possible implications for the classification of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma precursors and for the efficacy of prophylactic HPV vaccination. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1834-1843.
32. Srodon M, Stoler MH, Baber GB, et al. The distribution of low and high-risk HPV types in vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN and VaIN). Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:1513-1518.
33. van Beurden M, ten Kate FJ, Smits HL, et al. Multifocal vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade III and multicentric lower genital tract neoplasia is associated with transcriptionally active human papillomavirus. Cancer. 1995;75:2879-2884.
34. van de Nieuwenhof HP, van der Avoort IA, de Hullu JA. Review of squamous premalignant vulvar lesions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;68:131-156.
35. Wilkinson EJ, Teixeira MR. Epithelial tumors of the vulva. In: Tavassoli FA, Devilee P, eds. Tumours of the Breast and Female Genital Organs. Lyon: IARC Press; 2003:316-325.
36. Yang B, Hart WR. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of the simplex (differentiated) type: a clinicopathologic study including analysis of HPV and p53 expression. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:429-441