메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue , 2000, Pages 1-44

Chapter 1 Biochemistry and anatomy of transmitter glutamate

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 70350302198     PISSN: 09248196     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0924-8196(00)80042-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (366)
  • 1
    • 0026749080 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical evidence for in vitro release of glutamate and GABA from separate nerve terminal populations in the rat pontine nuclei
    • Aas J.-E., Laake J.H., Brodal P., and Ottersen O.P. Immunocytochemical evidence for in vitro release of glutamate and GABA from separate nerve terminal populations in the rat pontine nuclei. Exp Brain Res 89 (1992) 540-548
    • (1992) Exp Brain Res , vol.89 , pp. 540-548
    • Aas, J.-E.1    Laake, J.H.2    Brodal, P.3    Ottersen, O.P.4
  • 2
    • 0027175886 scopus 로고
    • Redistribution of glutamate and glutamine in slices of human neocortex exposed to combined hypoxia and glucose deprivation in vitro
    • Aas J.-E., Berg-Johnsen J., Hegstad E., Laake J.H., Langmoen I.A., and Ottersen O.P. Redistribution of glutamate and glutamine in slices of human neocortex exposed to combined hypoxia and glucose deprivation in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13 (1993) 503-515
    • (1993) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.13 , pp. 503-515
    • Aas, J.-E.1    Berg-Johnsen, J.2    Hegstad, E.3    Laake, J.H.4    Langmoen, I.A.5    Ottersen, O.P.6
  • 3
    • 0021878883 scopus 로고
    • Topographical projections of the cerebral cortex to the subthalamic nucleus
    • Afsharpour S. Topographical projections of the cerebral cortex to the subthalamic nucleus. J Comp Neurol 236 (1985) 14-28
    • (1985) J Comp Neurol , vol.236 , pp. 14-28
    • Afsharpour, S.1
  • 4
    • 0025349011 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the human cerebral cortex
    • Akiyama H., Kaneko T., Mizuno N., and McGeer P.L. Distribution of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 297 (1990) 239-252
    • (1990) J Comp Neurol , vol.297 , pp. 239-252
    • Akiyama, H.1    Kaneko, T.2    Mizuno, N.3    McGeer, P.L.4
  • 5
    • 0024334479 scopus 로고
    • Feline subthalamic nucleus neurons contain glutamate-like but not GABA-like or glycine-like immunoreactivity
    • Albin R.L., Aldridge J.W., Young A.B., and Gilman S. Feline subthalamic nucleus neurons contain glutamate-like but not GABA-like or glycine-like immunoreactivity. Brain Res 491 (1989) 185-188
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.491 , pp. 185-188
    • Albin, R.L.1    Aldridge, J.W.2    Young, A.B.3    Gilman, S.4
  • 6
    • 0024450903 scopus 로고
    • The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
    • Albin R.L., Young A.B., and Penney J.B. The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci 12 (1989) 366-375
    • (1989) Trends Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 366-375
    • Albin, R.L.1    Young, A.B.2    Penney, J.B.3
  • 7
    • 0028008839 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic output of physiologically identified spiny stellate neurons in cat visual cortex
    • Anderson J.C., Douglas R.J., Martin K.A., and Nelson J.C. Synaptic output of physiologically identified spiny stellate neurons in cat visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 341 (1994) 16-24
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.341 , pp. 16-24
    • Anderson, J.C.1    Douglas, R.J.2    Martin, K.A.3    Nelson, J.C.4
  • 9
    • 0002205306 scopus 로고
    • Metabotropic glutamate receptors
    • Stone T.W. (Ed), CRC Press, New York
    • Anwyl R. Metabotropic glutamate receptors. In: Stone T.W. (Ed). CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators: Glutamate (1995), CRC Press, New York 143-158
    • (1995) CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators: Glutamate , pp. 143-158
    • Anwyl, R.1
  • 11
    • 0029563878 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in synaptic terminals of the posterior cingulopontine pathway: a light and electron microscopic study in the rabbit
    • Azkue J., Bidaurrazaga A., Mateos J.M., Sarria R., Streit P., and Grandes P. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in synaptic terminals of the posterior cingulopontine pathway: a light and electron microscopic study in the rabbit. J Chem Neuroanat 9 (1995) 261-269
    • (1995) J Chem Neuroanat , vol.9 , pp. 261-269
    • Azkue, J.1    Bidaurrazaga, A.2    Mateos, J.M.3    Sarria, R.4    Streit, P.5    Grandes, P.6
  • 12
    • 0032550214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in ascending spinofugal afferents to the rat periaqueductal grey
    • Azkue J.J., Mateos J.M., Elezgarai I., Benitez R., Lazaro E., Streit P., and Grandes P. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in ascending spinofugal afferents to the rat periaqueductal grey. Brain Res 790 (1998) 74-81
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.790 , pp. 74-81
    • Azkue, J.J.1    Mateos, J.M.2    Elezgarai, I.3    Benitez, R.4    Lazaro, E.5    Streit, P.6    Grandes, P.7
  • 13
    • 0023162053 scopus 로고
    • 3H]Aspartate retrograde labeling of callosal and association neurones of somatosensory areas I and II of cats
    • 3H]Aspartate retrograde labeling of callosal and association neurones of somatosensory areas I and II of cats. J Comp Neurol 263 (1987) 159-187
    • (1987) J Comp Neurol , vol.263 , pp. 159-187
    • Barbaresi, P.1    Fabri, M.2    Conti, F.3    Manzoni, T.4
  • 14
    • 0028262271 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic and nonsynaptic localization of the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA-type excitatory amino acid receptor in the rat cerebellum
    • Baude A., Molnar E., Latawiec D., McIlhinney R.A., and Somogyi P. Synaptic and nonsynaptic localization of the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA-type excitatory amino acid receptor in the rat cerebellum. J Neurosci 14 (1994) 2830-2843
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 2830-2843
    • Baude, A.1    Molnar, E.2    Latawiec, D.3    McIlhinney, R.A.4    Somogyi, P.5
  • 15
    • 0019186424 scopus 로고
    • Aspartate and glutamate as possible neurotransmitters of cells in layer 6 of the visual cortex
    • Baughman R.W., and Gilbert C.D. Aspartate and glutamate as possible neurotransmitters of cells in layer 6 of the visual cortex. Nature 287 (1980) 848-850
    • (1980) Nature , vol.287 , pp. 848-850
    • Baughman, R.W.1    Gilbert, C.D.2
  • 16
    • 0019828744 scopus 로고
    • Aspartate and glutamate as possible neurotransmitters in the visual cortex
    • Baughman R.W., and Gilbert C.D. Aspartate and glutamate as possible neurotransmitters in the visual cortex. J Neurosci 1 (1981) 429-439
    • (1981) J Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 429-439
    • Baughman, R.W.1    Gilbert, C.D.2
  • 17
    • 0026688299 scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of glutamate in zinc-containing terminals of the cat visual cortex
    • Beaulieu C., Dyck R., and Cynader M. Enrichment of glutamate in zinc-containing terminals of the cat visual cortex. Neuroreport 3 (1992) 861-864
    • (1992) Neuroreport , vol.3 , pp. 861-864
    • Beaulieu, C.1    Dyck, R.2    Cynader, M.3
  • 18
    • 0023696071 scopus 로고
    • Colocalization of fixative-modified glutamate and glutaminase but not GAD in rubrospinal neurons
    • Beitz A.J., and Ecklund L.J. Colocalization of fixative-modified glutamate and glutaminase but not GAD in rubrospinal neurons. J Comp Neurol 274 (1988) 265-279
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.274 , pp. 265-279
    • Beitz, A.J.1    Ecklund, L.J.2
  • 19
    • 0031832279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acids as neurotransmitters of corticostriatal projections: immunocytochemical evidence in the rat
    • Bellomo M., Giuffrida R., Palmeri A., and Sapienza S. Excitatory amino acids as neurotransmitters of corticostriatal projections: immunocytochemical evidence in the rat. Arch Ital Biol 136 (1998) 215-223
    • (1998) Arch Ital Biol , vol.136 , pp. 215-223
    • Bellomo, M.1    Giuffrida, R.2    Palmeri, A.3    Sapienza, S.4
  • 20
    • 0016746875 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in rat brain cortex slices in vitro: a possible role of ammonia in brain function
    • Benjamin A.M., and Quastel J.H. Metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in rat brain cortex slices in vitro: a possible role of ammonia in brain function. J Neurochem 25 (1975) 197-206
    • (1975) J Neurochem , vol.25 , pp. 197-206
    • Benjamin, A.M.1    Quastel, J.H.2
  • 21
    • 0033152742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearance of glutamate inside the synapse and beyond
    • Bergles D.E., Diamond J.S., and Jahr C.E. Clearance of glutamate inside the synapse and beyond. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9 (1999) 293-298
    • (1999) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.9 , pp. 293-298
    • Bergles, D.E.1    Diamond, J.S.2    Jahr, C.E.3
  • 22
    • 0028874349 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamate-enriched inputs from the mesopontine tegmentum to the subthalamic nucleus in the rat
    • Bevan M.D., and Bolam J.P. Cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamate-enriched inputs from the mesopontine tegmentum to the subthalamic nucleus in the rat. J Neurosci 15 (1995) 7105-7120
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 7105-7120
    • Bevan, M.D.1    Bolam, J.P.2
  • 23
    • 0028808152 scopus 로고
    • The glutamate-enriched cortical and thalamic input to neurons in the subthalamic nucleus of the rat: convergence with GABA-positive terminals
    • Bevan M.D., Francis C.M., and Bolam J.P. The glutamate-enriched cortical and thalamic input to neurons in the subthalamic nucleus of the rat: convergence with GABA-positive terminals. J Comp Neurol 361 (1995) 491-511
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.361 , pp. 491-511
    • Bevan, M.D.1    Francis, C.M.2    Bolam, J.P.3
  • 25
    • 0029866291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for glutamate as a neurotransmitter in spinothalamic tract terminals in the posterior region of owl monkeys
    • Blomqvist A., Ericson A.C., Craig A.D., and Broman J. Evidence for glutamate as a neurotransmitter in spinothalamic tract terminals in the posterior region of owl monkeys. Exp Brain Res 108 (1996) 33-44
    • (1996) Exp Brain Res , vol.108 , pp. 33-44
    • Blomqvist, A.1    Ericson, A.C.2    Craig, A.D.3    Broman, J.4
  • 26
    • 0025938483 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate immunoreactivity in the rat basilar pons: light and electron microscopy reveals labeled boutons and cells of origin of afferent projections
    • Border B.G., and Mihailoff G.A. Glutamate immunoreactivity in the rat basilar pons: light and electron microscopy reveals labeled boutons and cells of origin of afferent projections. Neuroscience 45 (1991) 47-61
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.45 , pp. 47-61
    • Border, B.G.1    Mihailoff, G.A.2
  • 27
    • 0017249235 scopus 로고
    • Glucose consumption in rat cerebral cortex in normoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia
    • Borgström L., Norberg K., and Siesjö B.K. Glucose consumption in rat cerebral cortex in normoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia. Acta Physiol Scand 96 (1976) 569-574
    • (1976) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.96 , pp. 569-574
    • Borgström, L.1    Norberg, K.2    Siesjö, B.K.3
  • 28
    • 0018141863 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine-a major substrate for nerve endings
    • Bradford H.F., Ward H.K., and Thomas A.J. Glutamine-a major substrate for nerve endings. J Neurochem 30 (1978) 1453-1460
    • (1978) J Neurochem , vol.30 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Bradford, H.F.1    Ward, H.K.2    Thomas, A.J.3
  • 29
    • 0025696512 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in excitatory hippocampal pathways: a semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rats
    • Bramham C.R., Torp R., Zhang N., Storm-Mathisen J., and Ottersen O.P. Distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in excitatory hippocampal pathways: a semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rats. Neuroscience 39 (1990) 405-417
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.39 , pp. 405-417
    • Bramham, C.R.1    Torp, R.2    Zhang, N.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4    Ottersen, O.P.5
  • 30
    • 0030691796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective synaptic distribution of kainate receptor subunits in the two plexiform layers of the rat retina
    • Brandstätter J.H., Koulen P., and Wässle H. Selective synaptic distribution of kainate receptor subunits in the two plexiform layers of the rat retina. J Neurosci 17 (1997) 9298-9307
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 9298-9307
    • Brandstätter, J.H.1    Koulen, P.2    Wässle, H.3
  • 31
    • 0025791920 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic signaling between photoreceptors and glial cells in the retina of the drone (Apis mellifera)
    • Brazitikos P.D., and Tsacopoulos M. Metabolic signaling between photoreceptors and glial cells in the retina of the drone (Apis mellifera). Brain Res 567 (1991) 33-41
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.567 , pp. 33-41
    • Brazitikos, P.D.1    Tsacopoulos, M.2
  • 32
    • 0039351371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the high-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes
    • Broer S., Broer A., Schneider H.P., Stegen C., Halestrap A.P., and Deitmer J.W. Characterization of the high-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biochem J 341 (1999) 529-535
    • (1999) Biochem J , vol.341 , pp. 529-535
    • Broer, S.1    Broer, A.2    Schneider, H.P.3    Stegen, C.4    Halestrap, A.P.5    Deitmer, J.W.6
  • 34
    • 0028220056 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways
    • Broman J. Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways. Anat Embryol (Berl) 189 (1994) 181-214
    • (1994) Anat Embryol (Berl) , vol.189 , pp. 181-214
    • Broman, J.1
  • 35
    • 0027981302 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for vesicular storage of glutamate in primary afferent terminals
    • Broman J., and dahl F. Evidence for vesicular storage of glutamate in primary afferent terminals. Neuroreport 5 (1994) 1801-1804
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 1801-1804
    • Broman, J.1    dahl, F.2
  • 36
    • 0026608171 scopus 로고
    • Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat
    • Broman J., and Ottersen O.P. Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat. J Neurosci 12 (1992) 204-221
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 204-221
    • Broman, J.1    Ottersen, O.P.2
  • 37
    • 0025346248 scopus 로고
    • Ascending afferents to the lateral cervical nucleus are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: a combined anterograde transport-immunogold study in the cat
    • Broman J., Westman J., and Ottersen O.P. Ascending afferents to the lateral cervical nucleus are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: a combined anterograde transport-immunogold study in the cat. Brain Res 520 (1990) 178-191
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.520 , pp. 178-191
    • Broman, J.1    Westman, J.2    Ottersen, O.P.3
  • 38
    • 0027169611 scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in primary afferent terminals throughout the spinal cord dorsal horn
    • Broman J., Anderson S., and Ottersen O.P. Enrichment of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in primary afferent terminals throughout the spinal cord dorsal horn. Eur J Neurosci 5 (1993) 1050-1061
    • (1993) Eur J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1050-1061
    • Broman, J.1    Anderson, S.2    Ottersen, O.P.3
  • 39
    • 0015581455 scopus 로고
    • Caudate intracellular response to thalamic and cortical inputs
    • Buchwald N.A., Price D.D., Vernon L., and Hull C.D. Caudate intracellular response to thalamic and cortical inputs. Exp Neurol 38 (1973) 311-323
    • (1973) Exp Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 311-323
    • Buchwald, N.A.1    Price, D.D.2    Vernon, L.3    Hull, C.D.4
  • 41
    • 0023780154 scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory inputs to the subthalamic nucleus: a combined retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase study in the rat
    • Canteras N.S., Shammah-Lagnado S.J., Silva B.A., and Ricardo J.A. Somatosensory inputs to the subthalamic nucleus: a combined retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. Brain Res 458 (1988) 53-64
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.458 , pp. 53-64
    • Canteras, N.S.1    Shammah-Lagnado, S.J.2    Silva, B.A.3    Ricardo, J.A.4
  • 42
    • 0027502828 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in retinal terminals of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus
    • Castel M., Belenky M., Cohen S., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in retinal terminals of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 5 (1993) 368-381
    • (1993) Eur J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 368-381
    • Castel, M.1    Belenky, M.2    Cohen, S.3    Ottersen, O.P.4    Storm-Mathisen, J.5
  • 45
    • 0028966538 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical examination of neural rat and mouse primary cultures using monoclonal antibodies raised against pyruvate carboxylase
    • Cesar M., and Hamprecht B. Immunocytochemical examination of neural rat and mouse primary cultures using monoclonal antibodies raised against pyruvate carboxylase. J Neurochem 64 (1995) 2312-2318
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.64 , pp. 2312-2318
    • Cesar, M.1    Hamprecht, B.2
  • 46
    • 0024600494 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody directed against glutaraldehyde conjugated glutamate and immunocytochemical applications in the rat brain
    • Chagnaud J.L., Campistron G., and Geffard M. Monoclonal antibody directed against glutaraldehyde conjugated glutamate and immunocytochemical applications in the rat brain. Brain Res 481 (1989) 175-180
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.481 , pp. 175-180
    • Chagnaud, J.L.1    Campistron, G.2    Geffard, M.3
  • 48
    • 0033598956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of system N suggests novel physiological roles in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission
    • Chaudhry F.A., Reimer R.J., Krizaj D., Barber D., Storm-Mathisen J., Copenhagen D.R., and Edwards R.H. Molecular analysis of system N suggests novel physiological roles in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission. Cell 99 (1999) 769-780
    • (1999) Cell , vol.99 , pp. 769-780
    • Chaudhry, F.A.1    Reimer, R.J.2    Krizaj, D.3    Barber, D.4    Storm-Mathisen, J.5    Copenhagen, D.R.6    Edwards, R.H.7
  • 49
    • 0029123570 scopus 로고
    • Morphological diversity and glutamate immunoreactivity of retinal terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the cat
    • Chen B., and Pourcho R.G. Morphological diversity and glutamate immunoreactivity of retinal terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 361 (1995) 108-118
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.361 , pp. 108-118
    • Chen, B.1    Pourcho, R.G.2
  • 51
    • 0031559963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-enriched cholinergic synaptic terminals in the entopeduncular nucleus and subthalamic nucleus of the rat
    • Clarke N.P., Bevan M.D., Cozzari C., Hartman B.K., and Bolam J.P. Glutamate-enriched cholinergic synaptic terminals in the entopeduncular nucleus and subthalamic nucleus of the rat. Neuroscience 81 (1997) 371-385
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.81 , pp. 371-385
    • Clarke, N.P.1    Bevan, M.D.2    Cozzari, C.3    Hartman, B.K.4    Bolam, J.P.5
  • 53
    • 0027081035 scopus 로고
    • Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices
    • Colquhoun D., Jonas P., and Sakmann B. Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices. J Physiol (Lond) 458 (1992) 261-287
    • (1992) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.458 , pp. 261-287
    • Colquhoun, D.1    Jonas, P.2    Sakmann, B.3
  • 54
    • 0026200212 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic transmission in the retina
    • Copenhagen D.R. Synaptic transmission in the retina. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1 (1991) 258-262
    • (1991) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.1 , pp. 258-262
    • Copenhagen, D.R.1
  • 55
    • 0024423904 scopus 로고
    • Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from turtle photoreceptors
    • Copenhagen D.R., and Jahr C.E. Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from turtle photoreceptors. Nature 341 (1989) 536-539
    • (1989) Nature , vol.341 , pp. 536-539
    • Copenhagen, D.R.1    Jahr, C.E.2
  • 56
    • 0002195253 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate as a CNS neurotransmitter: properties of release, inactivation and biosynthesis
    • Fonnum F. (Ed), Plenum Press, New York
    • Cotman C.W., and Hamberger A.C. Glutamate as a CNS neurotransmitter: properties of release, inactivation and biosynthesis. In: Fonnum F. (Ed). Amino Acids as Chemical Transmitters (1978), Plenum Press, New York 379-412
    • (1978) Amino Acids as Chemical Transmitters , pp. 379-412
    • Cotman, C.W.1    Hamberger, A.C.2
  • 57
    • 0025277521 scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes in cultured cerebellar neurons
    • Cox J.A., Felder C.C., and Henneberry R.C. Differential expression of excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes in cultured cerebellar neurons. Neuron 4 (1990) 941-947
    • (1990) Neuron , vol.4 , pp. 941-947
    • Cox, J.A.1    Felder, C.C.2    Henneberry, R.C.3
  • 58
    • 0031800050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny and cellular localization of the pyruvate recycling system in rat brain
    • Cruz F., Scott S.R., Barroso I., Santisteban P., and Cerdan S. Ontogeny and cellular localization of the pyruvate recycling system in rat brain. J Neurochem 70 (1998) 2613-2619
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.70 , pp. 2613-2619
    • Cruz, F.1    Scott, S.R.2    Barroso, I.3    Santisteban, P.4    Cerdan, S.5
  • 60
    • 0347631873 scopus 로고
    • The excitation and depression of spinal neurones by structurally related amino acids
    • Curtis D.R., and Watkins J.C. The excitation and depression of spinal neurones by structurally related amino acids. J Neurochem 6 (1960) 117-141
    • (1960) J Neurochem , vol.6 , pp. 117-141
    • Curtis, D.R.1    Watkins, J.C.2
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0026004763 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate, GABA, and glycine in the human retina-an immunocytochemical investigation
    • Davanger S., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Glutamate, GABA, and glycine in the human retina-an immunocytochemical investigation. J Comp Neurol 311 (1991) 483-494
    • (1991) J Comp Neurol , vol.311 , pp. 483-494
    • Davanger, S.1    Ottersen, O.P.2    Storm-Mathisen, J.3
  • 63
    • 0028043941 scopus 로고
    • Co-localization of glutamate and homocysteic acid immunoreactivities in human photoreceptor terminals
    • Davanger S., Torp R., and Ottersen O.P. Co-localization of glutamate and homocysteic acid immunoreactivities in human photoreceptor terminals. Neuroscience 63 (1994) 123-133
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.63 , pp. 123-133
    • Davanger, S.1    Torp, R.2    Ottersen, O.P.3
  • 64
    • 0028274212 scopus 로고
    • Colocalization of glutamate and glycine in bipolar cell terminals of the human retina
    • Davanger S., Storm-Mathisen J., and Ottersen O.P. Colocalization of glutamate and glycine in bipolar cell terminals of the human retina. Exp Brain Res 98 (1994) 342-354
    • (1994) Exp Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 342-354
    • Davanger, S.1    Storm-Mathisen, J.2    Ottersen, O.P.3
  • 65
    • 0024549507 scopus 로고
    • The function of synaptic transmitters in the retina
    • Daw N.W., Brunken W.J., and Parkinson D. The function of synaptic transmitters in the retina. Annu Rev Neurosci 12 (1989) 205-225
    • (1989) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 205-225
    • Daw, N.W.1    Brunken, W.J.2    Parkinson, D.3
  • 66
    • 0000205072 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and substance P coexist in primary afferent terminals in the superficial laminae of spinal cord
    • De Biasi S., and Rustioni A. Glutamate and substance P coexist in primary afferent terminals in the superficial laminae of spinal cord. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 (1988) 7820-7824
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.85 , pp. 7820-7824
    • De Biasi, S.1    Rustioni, A.2
  • 67
    • 0028106078 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characterization of primary afferent terminals in the rat cuneate nucleus
    • De Biasi S., Vitellaro-Zuccarello I., Bernardi P., Valtschanoff J.G., and Weinberg R.J. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characterization of primary afferent terminals in the rat cuneate nucleus. J Comp Neurol 347 (1994) 275-287
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.347 , pp. 275-287
    • De Biasi, S.1    Vitellaro-Zuccarello, I.2    Bernardi, P.3    Valtschanoff, J.G.4    Weinberg, R.J.5
  • 68
    • 0028058860 scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of glutamate immunoreactivity in lemniscal terminals in the ventropostero lateral thalamic nucleus of the rat: an immunogold and WGA-HRP study
    • De Biasi S., Amadeo A., Spreafico R., and Rustioni A. Enrichment of glutamate immunoreactivity in lemniscal terminals in the ventropostero lateral thalamic nucleus of the rat: an immunogold and WGA-HRP study. Anat Rec 240 (1994) 131-140
    • (1994) Anat Rec , vol.240 , pp. 131-140
    • De Biasi, S.1    Amadeo, A.2    Spreafico, R.3    Rustioni, A.4
  • 69
    • 0028855093 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characterization of terminals of postsynaptic ascending dorsal column fibers in the rat cuneate nucleus
    • De Biasi S., Vitellaro-Zuccarello I., Bernardi P., Valtschanoff J.G., and Weinberg R.J. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characterization of terminals of postsynaptic ascending dorsal column fibers in the rat cuneate nucleus. J Comp Neurol 353 (1995) 109-118
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.353 , pp. 109-118
    • De Biasi, S.1    Vitellaro-Zuccarello, I.2    Bernardi, P.3    Valtschanoff, J.G.4    Weinberg, R.J.5
  • 70
    • 0026553128 scopus 로고
    • Converging GABA- and glutamate-immunoreactive axons make synaptic contact with identified hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons
    • Decavel C., and Van den Pol A.N. Converging GABA- and glutamate-immunoreactive axons make synaptic contact with identified hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons. J Comp Neurol 316 (1992) 104-116
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.316 , pp. 104-116
    • Decavel, C.1    Van den Pol, A.N.2
  • 72
    • 0030944254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulated release of lactate in freely moving rats is dependent on the uptake of glutamate
    • Demestre M., Boutelle M., and Fillenz M. Stimulated release of lactate in freely moving rats is dependent on the uptake of glutamate. J Physiol 499 (1997) 825-832
    • (1997) J Physiol , vol.499 , pp. 825-832
    • Demestre, M.1    Boutelle, M.2    Fillenz, M.3
  • 73
    • 0025878379 scopus 로고
    • Astroglial processes around identified glutamatergic synapses contain glutamine synthetase: evidence for transmitter degradation
    • Derouiche A., and Frotscher M. Astroglial processes around identified glutamatergic synapses contain glutamine synthetase: evidence for transmitter degradation. Brain Res 552 (1991) 346-350
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.552 , pp. 346-350
    • Derouiche, A.1    Frotscher, M.2
  • 74
    • 0027159145 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate immunoreactivity in terminals of the retinohypothalamic tract of the brown Norwegian rat
    • De Vries M.J., Nunes-Cardoso B., Van der Want J., De Wolf A., and Meijer J.H. Glutamate immunoreactivity in terminals of the retinohypothalamic tract of the brown Norwegian rat. Brain Res 612 (1993) 231-237
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.612 , pp. 231-237
    • De Vries, M.J.1    Nunes-Cardoso, B.2    Van der Want, J.3    De Wolf, A.4    Meijer, J.H.5
  • 75
    • 0033552964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kainate receptors mediate synaptic transmission between cones and 'Off' bipolar cells in a mammalian retina
    • DeVries S.H., and Schwartz E.A. Kainate receptors mediate synaptic transmission between cones and 'Off' bipolar cells in a mammalian retina. Nature 397 (1999) 157-160
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 157-160
    • DeVries, S.H.1    Schwartz, E.A.2
  • 76
    • 0015807565 scopus 로고
    • High-affinity transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in synaptosomes
    • Diamond I., and Fishman R.A. High-affinity transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in synaptosomes. J Neurochem 20 (1973) 1533-1542
    • (1973) J Neurochem , vol.20 , pp. 1533-1542
    • Diamond, I.1    Fishman, R.A.2
  • 77
    • 0020401281 scopus 로고
    • A Golgi and ultrastructural study of the monkey globus pallidus
    • DiFiglia M., Pasik P., and Pasik T. A Golgi and ultrastructural study of the monkey globus pallidus. J Comp Neurol 212 (1982) 53-75
    • (1982) J Comp Neurol , vol.212 , pp. 53-75
    • DiFiglia, M.1    Pasik, P.2    Pasik, T.3
  • 78
    • 0017339785 scopus 로고
    • High affinity uptake of glutamate in terminals of corticostriatal axons
    • Divac I., Fonnum F., and Storm-Mathisen J. High affinity uptake of glutamate in terminals of corticostriatal axons. Nature 266 (1977) 377-378
    • (1977) Nature , vol.266 , pp. 377-378
    • Divac, I.1    Fonnum, F.2    Storm-Mathisen, J.3
  • 79
    • 0030921515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-Adrenergic stimulation promotes homocysteic acid release from astrocyte cultures: evidence for a role of astrocytes in the modulation of synaptic transmission
    • Do K.Q., Benz B., Sorg O., Pellerin L., and Magistretti P.J. β-Adrenergic stimulation promotes homocysteic acid release from astrocyte cultures: evidence for a role of astrocytes in the modulation of synaptic transmission. J Neurochem 68 (1997) 2386-2394
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.68 , pp. 2386-2394
    • Do, K.Q.1    Benz, B.2    Sorg, O.3    Pellerin, L.4    Magistretti, P.J.5
  • 80
    • 0023616087 scopus 로고
    • Co-release of glutamate and aspartate from cholinergic and GABA-ergic synaptosomes
    • Docherty M., Bradford H.F., and Wu J.-Y. Co-release of glutamate and aspartate from cholinergic and GABA-ergic synaptosomes. Nature 330 (1987) 64-66
    • (1987) Nature , vol.330 , pp. 64-66
    • Docherty, M.1    Bradford, H.F.2    Wu, J.-Y.3
  • 81
    • 0022377322 scopus 로고
    • Localization of glutaminase-like and aspartate aminotrans-ferase-like immunoreactivity in neurons of cerebral cortex
    • Donoghue J.P., Wenthold R.J., and Altschuler R.A. Localization of glutaminase-like and aspartate aminotrans-ferase-like immunoreactivity in neurons of cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. 5 (1985) 2597-2608
    • (1985) J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 2597-2608
    • Donoghue, J.P.1    Wenthold, R.J.2    Altschuler, R.A.3
  • 82
    • 0027429163 scopus 로고
    • Damage to neurons in culture following medium change: role of glutamine and extracellular generation of glutamate
    • Driscoll B.F., Deibler G.E., Law M.J., and Crane A.M. Damage to neurons in culture following medium change: role of glutamine and extracellular generation of glutamate. J Neurochem 61 (1993) 1795-1800
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.61 , pp. 1795-1800
    • Driscoll, B.F.1    Deibler, G.E.2    Law, M.J.3    Crane, A.M.4
  • 85
    • 0024933220 scopus 로고
    • Selective labeling of visual corpus callosum connections with aspartate in cat and rat
    • Elberger A. Selective labeling of visual corpus callosum connections with aspartate in cat and rat. Vis Neurosci 2 (1989) 81-85
    • (1989) Vis Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 81-85
    • Elberger, A.1
  • 86
    • 0029952642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glutamatergic innervation of oxytocin- and vasopressin-secreting neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus and its contribution to lactation-induced synaptic plasticity
    • El Majdoubi M., Poulain D.A., and Theodosis D.T. The glutamatergic innervation of oxytocin- and vasopressin-secreting neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus and its contribution to lactation-induced synaptic plasticity. Eur J Neurosci 8 (1996) 1377-1389
    • (1996) Eur J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 1377-1389
    • El Majdoubi, M.1    Poulain, D.A.2    Theodosis, D.T.3
  • 87
    • 0030805818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactation-induced plasticity in the supraoptic nucleus augments axodendritic and axosomatic GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses: an ultrastructural analysis using the disector method
    • El Majdoubi M., Poulain D.A., and Theodosis D.T. Lactation-induced plasticity in the supraoptic nucleus augments axodendritic and axosomatic GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses: an ultrastructural analysis using the disector method. Neuroscience 80 (1997) 1137-1147
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.80 , pp. 1137-1147
    • El Majdoubi, M.1    Poulain, D.A.2    Theodosis, D.T.3
  • 88
    • 0028840154 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for glutamate as neurotransmitter in trigemino- and spinothalamic tract terminals in the nucleus submedius of cats
    • Ericson A.C., Blomqvist A., Craig A.D., Ottensen O.P., and Broman J. Evidence for glutamate as neurotransmitter in trigemino- and spinothalamic tract terminals in the nucleus submedius of cats. Eur J Neurosci 7 (1995) 305-317
    • (1995) Eur J Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 305-317
    • Ericson, A.C.1    Blomqvist, A.2    Craig, A.D.3    Ottensen, O.P.4    Broman, J.5
  • 90
    • 0029878568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate responses of bipolar cells in a slice preparation of the rat retina
    • Euler T., Schneider H., and Wassle H. Glutamate responses of bipolar cells in a slice preparation of the rat retina. J Neurosci 16 (1996) 2934-2944
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 2934-2944
    • Euler, T.1    Schneider, H.2    Wassle, H.3
  • 91
    • 0026279111 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of the excitatory effect of the thalamo-subthalamic efferent from the parafascicular nucleus
    • Féger J., and Mouroux M. Demonstration of the excitatory effect of the thalamo-subthalamic efferent from the parafascicular nucleus. CR Acad Sci III 313 (1991) 447-452
    • (1991) CR Acad Sci III , vol.313 , pp. 447-452
    • Féger, J.1    Mouroux, M.2
  • 92
    • 0030626448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The subthalamic nucleus and its connections. New electrophysiological and pharmacological data
    • Obeso J.A., DeLong M.R., Ohye C., and Marsden C.E. (Eds), Lippincott-Raven, New York
    • Féger J., Hassani O.K., and Mouroux M. The subthalamic nucleus and its connections. New electrophysiological and pharmacological data. In: Obeso J.A., DeLong M.R., Ohye C., and Marsden C.E. (Eds). The Basal Ganglia and New Surgical Approaches for Parkinson's Disease (1997), Lippincott-Raven, New York 31-43
    • (1997) The Basal Ganglia and New Surgical Approaches for Parkinson's Disease , pp. 31-43
    • Féger, J.1    Hassani, O.K.2    Mouroux, M.3
  • 93
    • 0021330769 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain
    • Fonnum F. Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J Neurochem 42 (1984) 1-11
    • (1984) J Neurochem , vol.42 , pp. 1-11
    • Fonnum, F.1
  • 94
    • 0004800862 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical studies on glutamate-mediated neurotransmission
    • Meldrum B.S., Moroni F., Simon R.P., and Woods J.H. (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Fonnum F. Neurochemical studies on glutamate-mediated neurotransmission. In: Meldrum B.S., Moroni F., Simon R.P., and Woods J.H. (Eds). Fidia Research Foundation Symposium Series. Vol. 5: Excitatory Amino Acids (1991), Raven Press, New York 15-25
    • (1991) Fidia Research Foundation Symposium Series. Vol. 5: Excitatory Amino Acids , pp. 15-25
    • Fonnum, F.1
  • 95
    • 0027355540 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the synthesis of the transmitter glutamate pool
    • Fonnum F. Regulation of the synthesis of the transmitter glutamate pool. Prog Biophys Molec Biol 60 (1993) 47-57
    • (1993) Prog Biophys Molec Biol , vol.60 , pp. 47-57
    • Fonnum, F.1
  • 96
  • 97
    • 0019434631 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical evidence for glutamate as neurotransmitter in corticostriatal and corticothalamic fibres in rat brain
    • Fonnum F., Storm-Mathisen J., and Divac I. Biochemical evidence for glutamate as neurotransmitter in corticostriatal and corticothalamic fibres in rat brain. Neuroscience 6 (1981) 863-873
    • (1981) Neuroscience , vol.6 , pp. 863-873
    • Fonnum, F.1    Storm-Mathisen, J.2    Divac, I.3
  • 98
    • 0031239164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of fluorocitrate and fluoroacetate in the study of brain metabolism
    • Fonnum F., Johnsen A., and Hassel B. Use of fluorocitrate and fluoroacetate in the study of brain metabolism. Glia 21 (1997) 106-113
    • (1997) Glia , vol.21 , pp. 106-113
    • Fonnum, F.1    Johnsen, A.2    Hassel, B.3
  • 99
    • 0027315996 scopus 로고
    • Response characteristics of subthalamic neurons to the stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex in the rat
    • Fujimoto K., and Kita H. Response characteristics of subthalamic neurons to the stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex in the rat. Brain Res 609 (1993) 185-192
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.609 , pp. 185-192
    • Fujimoto, K.1    Kita, H.2
  • 100
    • 0024507477 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the properties of γ-aminobutyric acid and l-glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain
    • Fykse E.M., Christensen H., and Fonnum F. Comparison of the properties of γ-aminobutyric acid and l-glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain. J Neurochem 52 (1989) 946-951
    • (1989) J Neurochem , vol.52 , pp. 946-951
    • Fykse, E.M.1    Christensen, H.2    Fonnum, F.3
  • 101
    • 3543120896 scopus 로고
    • Rate of utilization of glucose and 'compartmentation' of α-oxoglutarate in brain
    • Gaitonde M. Rate of utilization of glucose and 'compartmentation' of α-oxoglutarate in brain. Biochem J 95 (1965) 803-810
    • (1965) Biochem J , vol.95 , pp. 803-810
    • Gaitonde, M.1
  • 102
    • 0026612360 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and developmental analysis of a new glutamate receptor subunit isoform in cerebellum
    • Gallo V., Upson L.M., Hayes W.P., Vyklicky Jr. L., Winters C.A., and Buonanno A. Molecular cloning and developmental analysis of a new glutamate receptor subunit isoform in cerebellum. J Neurosci 12 (1992) 1010-1023
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 1010-1023
    • Gallo, V.1    Upson, L.M.2    Hayes, W.P.3    Vyklicky Jr., L.4    Winters, C.A.5    Buonanno, A.6
  • 103
    • 0030680073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of pyruvate carboxylase in facilitation of synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in cultured astrocytes
    • Gamberino W.C., Berkich D.A., Lynch C.J., Xu B., and LaOue K.F. Role of pyruvate carboxylase in facilitation of synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in cultured astrocytes. J Neurochem 69 (1997) 2312-2325
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 2312-2325
    • Gamberino, W.C.1    Berkich, D.A.2    Lynch, C.J.3    Xu, B.4    LaOue, K.F.5
  • 104
    • 0025136882 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate as the principal mossy fiber transmitter in rat cerebellum: pharmacological evidence
    • Garthwaite J., and Brodbelt A.R. Glutamate as the principal mossy fiber transmitter in rat cerebellum: pharmacological evidence. Eur J Neurosci. 2 (1990) 177-180
    • (1990) Eur J Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 177-180
    • Garthwaite, J.1    Brodbelt, A.R.2
  • 107
    • 0024310758 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in calyces of Held
    • Grandes P., and Streit P. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in calyces of Held. J Neurocytol 18 (1989) 685-693
    • (1989) J Neurocytol , vol.18 , pp. 685-693
    • Grandes, P.1    Streit, P.2
  • 108
    • 0026315912 scopus 로고
    • Homeocysteate, an excitatory transmitter candidate localized in glia
    • Grandes P., Do K.Q., Morino P., Cuénod M., and Streit P. Homeocysteate, an excitatory transmitter candidate localized in glia. Eur J Neurosci 3 (1991) 1370-1373
    • (1991) Eur J Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 1370-1373
    • Grandes, P.1    Do, K.Q.2    Morino, P.3    Cuénod, M.4    Streit, P.5
  • 109
    • 0029966433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective excitatory amino acid uptake in glutamatergic nerve terminals and in glia in the rat striatum: quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of exogenous (D)-aspartate and endogenous glutamate and GABA
    • Gundersen V., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Selective excitatory amino acid uptake in glutamatergic nerve terminals and in glia in the rat striatum: quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of exogenous (D)-aspartate and endogenous glutamate and GABA. Eur J Neurosci 8 (1996) 758-765
    • (1996) Eur J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 758-765
    • Gundersen, V.1    Ottersen, O.P.2    Storm-Mathisen, J.3
  • 110
    • 0032529722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic vesicular localization and exocytosis of l-aspartate in excitatory nerve terminals: a quantitative immunogold analysis in rat hippocampus
    • Gundersen V., Chaudhry F.A., Bjaalie J.G., Fonnum F., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Synaptic vesicular localization and exocytosis of l-aspartate in excitatory nerve terminals: a quantitative immunogold analysis in rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 18 (1998) 6059-6070
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 6059-6070
    • Gundersen, V.1    Chaudhry, F.A.2    Bjaalie, J.G.3    Fonnum, F.4    Ottersen, O.P.5    Storm-Mathisen, J.6
  • 111
    • 70350287131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical evidence that glutamate is a neurotransmitter in the cochlear nerve: a quantitative study in the guinea-pig anteroventral cochlear
    • Hackney C.M., Osen K.K., Ottersen O.P., Storm-Mathisen J., and Manjaly G. Immunocytochemical evidence that glutamate is a neurotransmitter in the cochlear nerve: a quantitative study in the guinea-pig anteroventral cochlear. Nucleus (1996)
    • (1996) Nucleus
    • Hackney, C.M.1    Osen, K.K.2    Ottersen, O.P.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4    Manjaly, G.5
  • 112
    • 0030045432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical evidence that glutamate is a neurotransmitter in the cochlear nerve: a quantitative study in the guinea-pig anteroventral cochlear
    • Hackney C.M., Osen K.K., Ottersen O.P., Storm-Mathisen J., and Manjaly G. Immunocytochemical evidence that glutamate is a neurotransmitter in the cochlear nerve: a quantitative study in the guinea-pig anteroventral cochlear. Eur J Neurosci 8 (1996) 79-91
    • (1996) Eur J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 79-91
    • Hackney, C.M.1    Osen, K.K.2    Ottersen, O.P.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4    Manjaly, G.5
  • 113
    • 0018392519 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate as a CNS transmitter. I. Evaluation of glucose and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of the preferentially released glutamate
    • Hamberger A.C., Chiang G.H., Nylén E.S., Scheff S.W., and Cotman C.W. Glutamate as a CNS transmitter. I. Evaluation of glucose and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of the preferentially released glutamate. Brain Res 168 (1979) 513-530
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.168 , pp. 513-530
    • Hamberger, A.C.1    Chiang, G.H.2    Nylén, E.S.3    Scheff, S.W.4    Cotman, C.W.5
  • 114
    • 0025634545 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of GABA- and glutamate-containing terminals in the mouse thalamic ventrobasal complex deprived of vibrissal afferents: an immunogold-electronmicroscopic study
    • Hamori J., Takacs J., Verley R., Petrusz P., and Farkas-Bargeton E. Plasticity of GABA- and glutamate-containing terminals in the mouse thalamic ventrobasal complex deprived of vibrissal afferents: an immunogold-electronmicroscopic study. J Comp Neurol 302 (1990) 739-748
    • (1990) J Comp Neurol , vol.302 , pp. 739-748
    • Hamori, J.1    Takacs, J.2    Verley, R.3    Petrusz, P.4    Farkas-Bargeton, E.5
  • 115
    • 0030846539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter release-four years of SNARE complexes
    • Hanson P.I., Heuser J.E., and Jahn R. Neurotransmitter release-four years of SNARE complexes. Curr Opin Neurobiol 7 (1997) 310-315
    • (1997) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.7 , pp. 310-315
    • Hanson, P.I.1    Heuser, J.E.2    Jahn, R.3
  • 116
    • 0033969656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolism of lactate in vivo. Evidence for neuronal pyruvate carboxylation
    • Hassel B., and Brthe A. Cerebral metabolism of lactate in vivo. Evidence for neuronal pyruvate carboxylation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20 (2000) 327-336
    • (2000) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.20 , pp. 327-336
    • Hassel, B.1    Brthe, A.2
  • 117
    • 0342906183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal pyruvate carboxylation supports formation of transmitter glutamate
    • Hassel B., and Brthe A. Neuronal pyruvate carboxylation supports formation of transmitter glutamate. J Neurosci 20 (2000) 1342-1347
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 1342-1347
    • Hassel, B.1    Brthe, A.2
  • 118
    • 0028802388 scopus 로고
    • Glial formation of pyruvate and lactate from TCA cycle intermediates. Implications for the inactivation of transmitter amino acids?
    • Hassel B., and Sonnewald U. Glial formation of pyruvate and lactate from TCA cycle intermediates. Implications for the inactivation of transmitter amino acids?. J Neurochem 65 (1995) 2227-2234
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.65 , pp. 2227-2234
    • Hassel, B.1    Sonnewald, U.2
  • 119
    • 0029098594 scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of GABAergic neurons with 3-nitropropionic acid in vivo
    • Hassel B., and Sonnewald U. Selective inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of GABAergic neurons with 3-nitropropionic acid in vivo. J Neurochem 65 (1995) 1184-1191
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.65 , pp. 1184-1191
    • Hassel, B.1    Sonnewald, U.2
  • 120
    • 0026603607 scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of glial cell metabolism in vivo by fluorocitrate
    • Hassel B., Paulsen R.E., Johnsen A., and Fonnum F. Selective inhibition of glial cell metabolism in vivo by fluorocitrate. Brain Res 576 (1992) 120-124
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.576 , pp. 120-124
    • Hassel, B.1    Paulsen, R.E.2    Johnsen, A.3    Fonnum, F.4
  • 121
    • 0028340576 scopus 로고
    • NMR spectroscopy of cultured astrocytes: effects of glutamine and the gliotoxin fluorocitrate
    • Hassel B., Sonnewald U., Unsgard G., and Fonnum F. NMR spectroscopy of cultured astrocytes: effects of glutamine and the gliotoxin fluorocitrate. J Neurochem 62 (1994) 2187-2194
    • (1994) J Neurochem , vol.62 , pp. 2187-2194
    • Hassel, B.1    Sonnewald, U.2    Unsgard, G.3    Fonnum, F.4
  • 123
    • 0029007436 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic differences between primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons from cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Effects of fluorocitrate
    • Hassel B., Westergaard N., Schousboe A., and Fonnum F. Metabolic differences between primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons from cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Effects of fluorocitrate. Neurochem Res 20 (1995) 413-420
    • (1995) Neurochem Res , vol.20 , pp. 413-420
    • Hassel, B.1    Westergaard, N.2    Schousboe, A.3    Fonnum, F.4
  • 124
    • 0030612955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trafficking of amino acids between neurons and glia in vivo. Effects of inhibition of glial metabolism by fluoroacetate
    • Hassel B., Bachelard H.S., Jones P., Fonnum F., and Sonnewald U. Trafficking of amino acids between neurons and glia in vivo. Effects of inhibition of glial metabolism by fluoroacetate. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 17 (1997) 1230-1238
    • (1997) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.17 , pp. 1230-1238
    • Hassel, B.1    Bachelard, H.S.2    Jones, P.3    Fonnum, F.4    Sonnewald, U.5
  • 125
    • 0031659606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the GABA shunt and the importance of the GABA shunt versus the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase pathway in GABAergic neurons
    • Hassel B., Johnnessen C.U., Sonnewald U., and Fonnum F. Quantification of the GABA shunt and the importance of the GABA shunt versus the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase pathway in GABAergic neurons. J Neurochem 71 (1998) 1511-1518
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.71 , pp. 1511-1518
    • Hassel, B.1    Johnnessen, C.U.2    Sonnewald, U.3    Fonnum, F.4
  • 126
    • 85007947085 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sodium glutamate on the nervous system
    • Hayashi T. Effects of sodium glutamate on the nervous system. Keio J Med 3 (1954) 183-192
    • (1954) Keio J Med , vol.3 , pp. 183-192
    • Hayashi, T.1
  • 127
    • 0015693103 scopus 로고
    • The kinetic properties of hexose transport into synaptosomes from guinea pig cerebral cortex
    • Heaton G.M., and Bachelard H.S. The kinetic properties of hexose transport into synaptosomes from guinea pig cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 21 (1973) 1099-1108
    • (1973) J Neurochem , vol.21 , pp. 1099-1108
    • Heaton, G.M.1    Bachelard, H.S.2
  • 128
    • 0026731091 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of glutamate, glycine, and GABA immunolabeling in four synaptic terminal classes in the lateral superior olive of the guinea pig
    • Helfert R.H., Juiz J.M., Bledsoe Jr. S.C., Bonneau J.M., Wenthold R.J., and Altschuler R.A. Patterns of glutamate, glycine, and GABA immunolabeling in four synaptic terminal classes in the lateral superior olive of the guinea pig. J Comp Neurol 323 (1992) 305-325
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.323 , pp. 305-325
    • Helfert, R.H.1    Juiz, J.M.2    Bledsoe Jr., S.C.3    Bonneau, J.M.4    Wenthold, R.J.5    Altschuler, R.A.6
  • 129
    • 0031850972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in axon terminals from the olfactory bulb to the piriform cortex
    • Hennequet L., Gondra J., Sendino J., and Ortega F. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in axon terminals from the olfactory bulb to the piriform cortex. Histol Histopathol 13 (1998) 683-687
    • (1998) Histol Histopathol , vol.13 , pp. 683-687
    • Hennequet, L.1    Gondra, J.2    Sendino, J.3    Ortega, F.4
  • 132
    • 0025990452 scopus 로고
    • Amino acids as transmitters of synaptic excitation in neocortical sensory processes
    • Hicks T.P., Kaneko T., Metherate R., Oka J.-I., and Stark C.A. Amino acids as transmitters of synaptic excitation in neocortical sensory processes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 69 (1991) 1099-1114
    • (1991) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.69 , pp. 1099-1114
    • Hicks, T.P.1    Kaneko, T.2    Metherate, R.3    Oka, J.-I.4    Stark, C.A.5
  • 133
    • 0021942270 scopus 로고
    • Antisera to gamma-aminobutyric acid. I. Production and characterization using a new model system
    • Hodgson A.J., Penke B., Erdei A., Chubb I.W., and Somogyi P. Antisera to gamma-aminobutyric acid. I. Production and characterization using a new model system. J Histochem Cytochem 33 (1985) 229-239
    • (1985) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.33 , pp. 229-239
    • Hodgson, A.J.1    Penke, B.2    Erdei, A.3    Chubb, I.W.4    Somogyi, P.5
  • 134
    • 0001144894 scopus 로고
    • The basic, somatic, and emotional components of the motor system in mammals
    • Paxinos G. (Ed), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Holstege G. The basic, somatic, and emotional components of the motor system in mammals. In: Paxinos G. (Ed). The Rat Nervous System. 2nd ed (1995), Academic Press, San Diego 137-154
    • (1995) The Rat Nervous System. 2nd ed , pp. 137-154
    • Holstege, G.1
  • 135
    • 0026079808 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural evidence for GABAergic brain stem projections to spinal motoneurons in the rat
    • Holstege J.C. Ultrastructural evidence for GABAergic brain stem projections to spinal motoneurons in the rat. J Neurosci 11 (1991) 159-167
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 159-167
    • Holstege, J.C.1
  • 136
    • 0025940934 scopus 로고
    • A glycinergic projection from the ventromedial lower brainstem to spinal motoneurons, An ultrastructural double labeling study in the rat
    • Holstege J.C., and Bongers C.M.H. A glycinergic projection from the ventromedial lower brainstem to spinal motoneurons, An ultrastructural double labeling study in the rat. Brain Res 566 (1991) 308-315
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.566 , pp. 308-315
    • Holstege, J.C.1    Bongers, C.M.H.2
  • 137
    • 0031752753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcellular compartmentation of glutathione and glutathione precursors. A high resolution immunogold analysis of the outer retina of guinea pig
    • Huster D., Hjelle O.P., Haug F.-M., Nagelhus E.A., Reichelt W., and Ottersen O.P. Subcellular compartmentation of glutathione and glutathione precursors. A high resolution immunogold analysis of the outer retina of guinea pig. Anat Embryol 198 (1998) 277-287
    • (1998) Anat Embryol , vol.198 , pp. 277-287
    • Huster, D.1    Hjelle, O.P.2    Haug, F.-M.3    Nagelhus, E.A.4    Reichelt, W.5    Ottersen, O.P.6
  • 138
    • 0030066644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopy of immunoreactivity patterns for glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in synaptic glomeruli of the feline spinal trigeminal nucleus (subnucleus caudalis)
    • Iliakis B., Anderson N.L., Irish P.S., Henry M.A., and Westrum L.E. Electron microscopy of immunoreactivity patterns for glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in synaptic glomeruli of the feline spinal trigeminal nucleus (subnucleus caudalis). J Comp Neurol 366 (1996) 465-477
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol , vol.366 , pp. 465-477
    • Iliakis, B.1    Anderson, N.L.2    Irish, P.S.3    Henry, M.A.4    Westrum, L.E.5
  • 140
    • 0025779755 scopus 로고
    • An electronic microscopic, immunogold analysis of glutamate and glutamine in terminals of rat spinocerebellar fibers
    • Ji Z.Q., Aas J.E., Laake J., Walberg F., and Ottersen O.P. An electronic microscopic, immunogold analysis of glutamate and glutamine in terminals of rat spinocerebellar fibers. J Comp Neurol 307 (1991) 296-310
    • (1991) J Comp Neurol , vol.307 , pp. 296-310
    • Ji, Z.Q.1    Aas, J.E.2    Laake, J.3    Walberg, F.4    Ottersen, O.P.5
  • 141
    • 0026532183 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the geniculo-cortical pathway and local projections within rat primary visual cortex
    • Johnson R.R., and Burkhalter A. Evidence for excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the geniculo-cortical pathway and local projections within rat primary visual cortex. Exp Brain Res 89 (1992) 20-30
    • (1992) Exp Brain Res , vol.89 , pp. 20-30
    • Johnson, R.R.1    Burkhalter, A.2
  • 142
    • 0030041444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate immunoreactivity in the cat retina: a quantitative study
    • Jojich L., and Pourcho R.G. Glutamate immunoreactivity in the cat retina: a quantitative study. Vis Neurosci 13 (1996) 117-133
    • (1996) Vis Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 117-133
    • Jojich, L.1    Pourcho, R.G.2
  • 143
    • 0000809524 scopus 로고
    • Reticular formation: cytoarchitecture, transmitters, and projections
    • Paxinos G. (Ed), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Jones B.E. Reticular formation: cytoarchitecture, transmitters, and projections. In: Paxinos G. (Ed). The Rat Nervous System. 2nd ed (1995), Academic Press, San Diego 155-171
    • (1995) The Rat Nervous System. 2nd ed , pp. 155-171
    • Jones, B.E.1
  • 144
    • 0002510660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloom F.E., Björklund A., and Hökfelt T. (Eds)
    • Jones E.G. The thalamus of primates. In: Bloom F.E., Björklund A., and Hökfelt T. (Eds) (1998)
    • (1998) The thalamus of primates
    • Jones, E.G.1
  • 146
    • 0027507726 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization of the amino acid neurotransmitters in the chicken retina
    • Kalloniatis M., and Fletcher E.L. Immunocytochemical localization of the amino acid neurotransmitters in the chicken retina. J Comp Neurol 336 (1993) 174-193
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.336 , pp. 174-193
    • Kalloniatis, M.1    Fletcher, E.L.2
  • 147
    • 0017807523 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in rabbit spinal cord and cerebellum
    • Kan K.-S., Chao L.-P., and Eng L.F. Immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in rabbit spinal cord and cerebellum. Brain Res 146 (1978) 221-229
    • (1978) Brain Res , vol.146 , pp. 221-229
    • Kan, K.-S.1    Chao, L.-P.2    Eng, L.F.3
  • 148
    • 0028107636 scopus 로고
    • Compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine in the lateral cervical nucleus: further evidence for glutamate as a spinocervical tract neurotransmitter
    • Kechagias S., and Broman J. Compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine in the lateral cervical nucleus: further evidence for glutamate as a spinocervical tract neurotransmitter. J Comp Neurol 340 (1994) 531-540
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.340 , pp. 531-540
    • Kechagias, S.1    Broman, J.2
  • 149
    • 0028959977 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical evidence for vesicular storage of glutamate in cat spinocervical and cervicothalamic tract terminals
    • Kechagias S., and Broman J. Immunocytochemical evidence for vesicular storage of glutamate in cat spinocervical and cervicothalamic tract terminals. Brain Res 675 (1995) 316-320
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.675 , pp. 316-320
    • Kechagias, S.1    Broman, J.2
  • 150
    • 0027244456 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate in terminals of thalamocortical fibers in rat somatic sensory cortex
    • Kharazia V.N., and Weinberg R.J. Glutamate in terminals of thalamocortical fibers in rat somatic sensory cortex. Neurosci Lett 157 (1993) 162-166
    • (1993) Neurosci Lett , vol.157 , pp. 162-166
    • Kharazia, V.N.1    Weinberg, R.J.2
  • 151
    • 0028145625 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate in thalamic fibers terminating in layer IV of primary sensory cortex
    • Kharazia V.N., and Weinberg R.J. Glutamate in thalamic fibers terminating in layer IV of primary sensory cortex. J Neurosci 14 (1994) 6021-6032
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 6021-6032
    • Kharazia, V.N.1    Weinberg, R.J.2
  • 152
    • 0017755782 scopus 로고
    • Effect of frontal cortex ablation on striatal glutamic acid levels in the rat
    • Kim J.S., Hassler R., Hau P., and Paik K.S. Effect of frontal cortex ablation on striatal glutamic acid levels in the rat. Brain Res 132 (1977) 370-374
    • (1977) Brain Res , vol.132 , pp. 370-374
    • Kim, J.S.1    Hassler, R.2    Hau, P.3    Paik, K.S.4
  • 153
    • 0024549407 scopus 로고
    • Interlaminar and lateral excitatory amino acid connections in the striate cortex of monkey
    • Kisvarday Z.F., Cowey A., Smith A.D., and Somogyi P. Interlaminar and lateral excitatory amino acid connections in the striate cortex of monkey. J Neurosci 9 (1989) 667-682
    • (1989) J Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 667-682
    • Kisvarday, Z.F.1    Cowey, A.2    Smith, A.D.3    Somogyi, P.4
  • 154
    • 0019504604 scopus 로고
    • Cortical inputs to the subthalamus: intracellular analysis
    • Kitai S.T., and Deniau J.M. Cortical inputs to the subthalamus: intracellular analysis. Brain Res 214 (1981) 411-415
    • (1981) Brain Res , vol.214 , pp. 411-415
    • Kitai, S.T.1    Deniau, J.M.2
  • 155
    • 0001062362 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology of the subthalamic nucleus: a driving force of the basal ganglia
    • Katai S.T., and Kita H. Anatomy and physiology of the subthalamic nucleus: a driving force of the basal ganglia. Adv Behav Biol 32 (1987) 357-373
    • (1987) Adv Behav Biol , vol.32 , pp. 357-373
    • Katai, S.T.1    Kita, H.2
  • 156
    • 0017170877 scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic inputs to caudate neurons identified by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase
    • Kitai S.T., Kocsis J.D., Preston R.J., and Sugimori M. Monosynaptic inputs to caudate neurons identified by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Res 109 (1976) 601-606
    • (1976) Brain Res , vol.109 , pp. 601-606
    • Kitai, S.T.1    Kocsis, J.D.2    Preston, R.J.3    Sugimori, M.4
  • 157
    • 33745608421 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid transmitters: 30 years' progress in research
    • Iversen L.L., and Goodman E. (Eds), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Krnjevic K. Amino acid transmitters: 30 years' progress in research. In: Iversen L.L., and Goodman E. (Eds). Fast and Slow Signalling in the Nervous System (1986), Oxford University Press, Oxford 3-15
    • (1986) Fast and Slow Signalling in the Nervous System , pp. 3-15
    • Krnjevic, K.1
  • 158
    • 0018191675 scopus 로고
    • An autoradiographic analysis of the efferent connections from premotor and adjacent prefrontal regions (areas 6 and 9)
    • Kunzle H. An autoradiographic analysis of the efferent connections from premotor and adjacent prefrontal regions (areas 6 and 9). Macaca fascicularis. Brain Behav Evol 15 (1978) 185-234
    • (1978) Macaca fascicularis. Brain Behav Evol , vol.15 , pp. 185-234
    • Kunzle, H.1
  • 159
    • 0017354856 scopus 로고
    • Efferent connections of cortical, area 8 (frontal eye field) in Macaca fasicularis. A reinvestigation using the autoradiographic technique
    • Kunzle H., and Akert K. Efferent connections of cortical, area 8 (frontal eye field) in Macaca fasicularis. A reinvestigation using the autoradiographic technique. J Comp Neurol 173 (1977) 147-164
    • (1977) J Comp Neurol , vol.173 , pp. 147-164
    • Kunzle, H.1    Akert, K.2
  • 160
    • 0027465673 scopus 로고
    • Purification of cytosolic malic enzyme from bovine brain, generation of monoclonal antibodies, and immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme in glial cells of neural primary cultures
    • Kurz G.M., Wiesinger H., and Hamprecht B. Purification of cytosolic malic enzyme from bovine brain, generation of monoclonal antibodies, and immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme in glial cells of neural primary cultures. J Neurochem 60 (1993) 1467-1474
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.60 , pp. 1467-1474
    • Kurz, G.M.1    Wiesinger, H.2    Hamprecht, B.3
  • 161
    • 0032890369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate-activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum
    • Laake J.H., Takumi Y., Eidet J., Torgner I.A., Roberg B., Kvamme E., and Ottersen O.P. Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate-activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 88 (1999) 1137-1151
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.88 , pp. 1137-1151
    • Laake, J.H.1    Takumi, Y.2    Eidet, J.3    Torgner, I.A.4    Roberg, B.5    Kvamme, E.6    Ottersen, O.P.7
  • 162
    • 0017344533 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from rat brain: isolation and characterization
    • Lai J.C.K., Walsh J.M., Dennis S.C., and Clark J.B. Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from rat brain: isolation and characterization. J Neurochem 28 (1977) 625-631
    • (1977) J Neurochem , vol.28 , pp. 625-631
    • Lai, J.C.K.1    Walsh, J.M.2    Dennis, S.C.3    Clark, J.B.4
  • 163
    • 0031012268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential localization of δ glutamate receptors in the rat cerebellum: coexpression with AMPA receptors in parallel fiber-spine synapses and absence from climbing fiber-spine synapses
    • Landsend A.S., Amiry-Moghaddam M., Matsubara A., Bergersen L., Usami S., Wenthold R.J., and Ottersen O.P. Differential localization of δ glutamate receptors in the rat cerebellum: coexpression with AMPA receptors in parallel fiber-spine synapses and absence from climbing fiber-spine synapses. J Neurosci 17 (1997) 834-842
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 834-842
    • Landsend, A.S.1    Amiry-Moghaddam, M.2    Matsubara, A.3    Bergersen, L.4    Usami, S.5    Wenthold, R.J.6    Ottersen, O.P.7
  • 164
    • 0023864449 scopus 로고
    • Effects of lactic acid and pH on cerebral blood flow and metabolism
    • Laptook A.R., Peterson J., and Porter A.M. Effects of lactic acid and pH on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 8 (1988) 193-200
    • (1988) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.8 , pp. 193-200
    • Laptook, A.R.1    Peterson, J.2    Porter, A.M.3
  • 165
    • 0028232069 scopus 로고
    • Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: distribution of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum with evidence for the presence of glutamate in cholinergic neurons
    • Lavoie B., and Parent A. Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: distribution of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum with evidence for the presence of glutamate in cholinergic neurons. J Comp Neurol 344 (1994) 190-209
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.344 , pp. 190-209
    • Lavoie, B.1    Parent, A.2
  • 166
    • 0028358247 scopus 로고
    • Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: projections to the basal ganglia as revealed by anterograde tract-tracing methods
    • Lavoie B., and Parent A. Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: projections to the basal ganglia as revealed by anterograde tract-tracing methods. J Comp Neurol 344 (1994) 210-231
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.344 , pp. 210-231
    • Lavoie, B.1    Parent, A.2
  • 167
    • 0028285389 scopus 로고
    • Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: cholinergic and glutamatergic projections to the substantia nigra
    • Lavoie B., and Parent A. Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: cholinergic and glutamatergic projections to the substantia nigra. J Comp Neurol 344 (1994) 232-241
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.344 , pp. 232-241
    • Lavoie, B.1    Parent, A.2
  • 168
    • 0032194950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The number of glutamate transporter subtype molecules at glutamatergic synapses: chemical and stereological quantification in young adult rat brain
    • Lehre K.P., and Danbolt N.C. The number of glutamate transporter subtype molecules at glutamatergic synapses: chemical and stereological quantification in young adult rat brain. J Neurosci 18 (1998) 8751-8757
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 8751-8757
    • Lehre, K.P.1    Danbolt, N.C.2
  • 169
    • 0028862339 scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic and GABAergic input to rat spinothalamic tract cells in the superficial dorsal horn
    • Lekan H.A., and Carlton S.M. Glutamatergic and GABAergic input to rat spinothalamic tract cells in the superficial dorsal horn. J Comp Neurol 361 (1995) 417-428
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.361 , pp. 417-428
    • Lekan, H.A.1    Carlton, S.M.2
  • 170
    • 0022509201 scopus 로고
    • In vivo determination of extracellular concentration of amino acids in the rat hippocampus. A method based on brain dialysis and computerized analysis
    • Lerma J., Herranz A.S., Herreras O., Abraira V., and Martin del Rio R. In vivo determination of extracellular concentration of amino acids in the rat hippocampus. A method based on brain dialysis and computerized analysis. Brain Res 384 (1986) 145-155
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.384 , pp. 145-155
    • Lerma, J.1    Herranz, A.S.2    Herreras, O.3    Abraira, V.4    Martin del Rio, R.5
  • 173
    • 0024493389 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity revealed in rat olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellum by monoclonal antibody and sensitive staining method
    • Liu C.J., Grandes P., Matute C., Cuénod M., and Streit P. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity revealed in rat olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellum by monoclonal antibody and sensitive staining method. Histochemistry 90 (1989) 427-445
    • (1989) Histochemistry , vol.90 , pp. 427-445
    • Liu, C.J.1    Grandes, P.2    Matute, C.3    Cuénod, M.4    Streit, P.5
  • 174
    • 0028833978 scopus 로고
    • Localization of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum projecting to the spinal cord of the cat with a proposed role of glutamate on lumbar motoneuron activity
    • Liu R.H., Fung S.J., Reddy V.K., and Barnes C.D. Localization of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum projecting to the spinal cord of the cat with a proposed role of glutamate on lumbar motoneuron activity. Neuroscience 64 (1995) 193-208
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.64 , pp. 193-208
    • Liu, R.H.1    Fung, S.J.2    Reddy, V.K.3    Barnes, C.D.4
  • 175
    • 0026645214 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-immunoreactive synapses on retrogradely labelled sympathetic preganglionic neurons in rat thoracic, spinal cord
    • Llewellyn-Smith I.J., Phend K.D., Minson J.B., Pilowsky P.M., and Chalmers J.P. Glutamate-immunoreactive synapses on retrogradely labelled sympathetic preganglionic neurons in rat thoracic, spinal cord. Brain Res 581 (1992) 67-80
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.581 , pp. 67-80
    • Llewellyn-Smith, I.J.1    Phend, K.D.2    Minson, J.B.3    Pilowsky, P.M.4    Chalmers, J.P.5
  • 176
    • 0030805819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate- and GABA-immunoreactive synapses on sympathetic preganglionic neurons caudal to a spinal cord transection in rats
    • Llewellyn-Smith I.J., Cassam A.K., Krenz N.R., Krassioukov A.V., and Weaver L.C. Glutamate- and GABA-immunoreactive synapses on sympathetic preganglionic neurons caudal to a spinal cord transection in rats. Neuroscience 80 (1997) 1225-1235
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.80 , pp. 1225-1235
    • Llewellyn-Smith, I.J.1    Cassam, A.K.2    Krenz, N.R.3    Krassioukov, A.V.4    Weaver, L.C.5
  • 177
    • 0032527520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA- and glutamate-immunoreactive synapses on sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion
    • Llewellyn-Smith I.J., Arnolda L.F., Pilowsky P.M., Chalmers J.P., and Minson J.B. GABA- and glutamate-immunoreactive synapses on sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion. J Auton Nerv Syst 71 (1998) 96-110
    • (1998) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.71 , pp. 96-110
    • Llewellyn-Smith, I.J.1    Arnolda, L.F.2    Pilowsky, P.M.3    Chalmers, J.P.4    Minson, J.B.5
  • 178
    • 0031973311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous monitoring of extracellular glucose concentrations in the striatum of freely moving rats with an implanted glucose biosensor
    • Lowry J.P., O'Neill R.D., Boutelle M.G., and Fillenz M. Continuous monitoring of extracellular glucose concentrations in the striatum of freely moving rats with an implanted glucose biosensor. J Neurochem 70 (1998) 391-396
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.70 , pp. 391-396
    • Lowry, J.P.1    O'Neill, R.D.2    Boutelle, M.G.3    Fillenz, M.4
  • 180
    • 0017851946 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the corticofugal fibres to the dorsal lateral geniculate, body and the superior colliculus in rats
    • Lund-Karlsen R., and Fonnum F. Evidence for glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the corticofugal fibres to the dorsal lateral geniculate, body and the superior colliculus in rats. Brain Res 151 (1978) 457-467
    • (1978) Brain Res , vol.151 , pp. 457-467
    • Lund-Karlsen, R.1    Fonnum, F.2
  • 182
    • 0028846046 scopus 로고
    • Immunolocalization of GLUT1 and GLUT3 glucose transportes in primary cultured neurons and glia
    • Maher F. Immunolocalization of GLUT1 and GLUT3 glucose transportes in primary cultured neurons and glia. J Neurosci Res 42 (1995) 459-469
    • (1995) J Neurosci Res , vol.42 , pp. 459-469
    • Maher, F.1
  • 183
    • 0027970863 scopus 로고
    • Glucose transporter proteins in brain
    • Maher F., Vannucci S.J., and Simpson I.A. Glucose transporter proteins in brain. FASEB J 8 (1994) 1003-1011
    • (1994) FASEB J , vol.8 , pp. 1003-1011
    • Maher, F.1    Vannucci, S.J.2    Simpson, I.A.3
  • 184
    • 0029912996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of GLUT3 in rat cerebellar granule neurons
    • Maher F., Davies-Hill T.M., and Simpson I.A. Substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of GLUT3 in rat cerebellar granule neurons. Biochem J 315 (1996) 827-831
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.315 , pp. 827-831
    • Maher, F.1    Davies-Hill, T.M.2    Simpson, I.A.3
  • 185
    • 0028048143 scopus 로고
    • The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease
    • Marsden C.D., and Obeso J.A. The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease. Brain 117 (1994) 877-897
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 877-897
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Obeso, J.A.2
  • 186
    • 0026785720 scopus 로고
    • Spatial density and immunoreactivity of bipolar cells in the Macaque monkey retina
    • Martin P.R., and Grünert U. Spatial density and immunoreactivity of bipolar cells in the Macaque monkey retina. J Comp Neurol 323 (1992) 269-287
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.323 , pp. 269-287
    • Martin, P.R.1    Grünert, U.2
  • 187
    • 0017579832 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase: glial localization in brain
    • Martinez-Hernandez A., Bell K.P., and Norenberg M.D. Glutamine synthetase: glial localization in brain. Science 195 (1977) 1356-1358
    • (1977) Science , vol.195 , pp. 1356-1358
    • Martinez-Hernandez, A.1    Bell, K.P.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 188
    • 0026563676 scopus 로고
    • NMR determination of the TCA cycle rate and α-ketoglutarate/glutamate exchange rate in rat brain
    • Mason G.F., Rothman D.L., Behar K.L., and Shulman R.G. NMR determination of the TCA cycle rate and α-ketoglutarate/glutamate exchange rate in rat brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12 (1992) 434-447
    • (1992) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.12 , pp. 434-447
    • Mason, G.F.1    Rothman, D.L.2    Behar, K.L.3    Shulman, R.G.4
  • 189
    • 0028798036 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of the rates of the TCA cycle, glucose utilization, alpha-ketoglutarate/glutamate exchange, and glutamine synthesis in human brain by NMR
    • Mason G.F., Gruetter R., Rothman D.L., Behar K.L., Shulman R.G., and Novotny E.J. Simultaneous determination of the rates of the TCA cycle, glucose utilization, alpha-ketoglutarate/glutamate exchange, and glutamine synthesis in human brain by NMR. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 15 (1995) 12-25
    • (1995) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.15 , pp. 12-25
    • Mason, G.F.1    Gruetter, R.2    Rothman, D.L.3    Behar, K.L.4    Shulman, R.G.5    Novotny, E.J.6
  • 190
    • 0023002885 scopus 로고
    • Transmitter circuits in the vertebrate retina
    • Massey S.C., and Redburn D.A. Transmitter circuits in the vertebrate retina. Prog Neurobiol 28 (1987) 55-96
    • (1987) Prog Neurobiol , vol.28 , pp. 55-96
    • Massey, S.C.1    Redburn, D.A.2
  • 191
    • 0022236399 scopus 로고
    • 3H]aspartate in afferents to the mammalian superior colliculus
    • 3H]aspartate in afferents to the mammalian superior colliculus. J Comp Neurol 241 (1985) 34-49
    • (1985) J Comp Neurol , vol.241 , pp. 34-49
    • Matute, C.1    Streit, P.2
  • 192
    • 0025334812 scopus 로고
    • Central boutons of glomeruli in the spinal cord of the cat are enriched with l-glutamate-like immunoreactivity
    • Maxwell D.J., Christie W.M., Short A.D., Storm-Mathisen J., and Ottersen O.P. Central boutons of glomeruli in the spinal cord of the cat are enriched with l-glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Neuroscience 36 (1990) 83-104
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.36 , pp. 83-104
    • Maxwell, D.J.1    Christie, W.M.2    Short, A.D.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4    Ottersen, O.P.5
  • 193
    • 0025264076 scopus 로고
    • Terminals of group Ia primary afferent fibres in Clarke's column are enriched with l-glutamate-like immunoreactivity
    • Maxwell D.J., Christie W.M., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Terminals of group Ia primary afferent fibres in Clarke's column are enriched with l-glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Brain Res 510 (1990) 346-350
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.510 , pp. 346-350
    • Maxwell, D.J.1    Christie, W.M.2    Ottersen, O.P.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4
  • 194
    • 0026676635 scopus 로고
    • Direct observations of synapses between l-glutamate-immunoreactive boutons and identified spinocervical tract neurones in the spinal cord of the cat
    • Maxwell D.J., Christie W.M., Brown A.G., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Direct observations of synapses between l-glutamate-immunoreactive boutons and identified spinocervical tract neurones in the spinal cord of the cat. J Comp Neurol 326 (1992) 485-500
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.326 , pp. 485-500
    • Maxwell, D.J.1    Christie, W.M.2    Brown, A.G.3    Ottersen, O.P.4    Storm-Mathisen, J.5
  • 195
    • 0027453232 scopus 로고
    • Identified hair follicle afferent boutons in the spinal cord of the cat are enriched with l-glutamate-like immunoreactivity
    • Maxwell D.J., Christie W.M., Brown A.G., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Identified hair follicle afferent boutons in the spinal cord of the cat are enriched with l-glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Brain Res 606 (1993) 156-161
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.606 , pp. 156-161
    • Maxwell, D.J.1    Christie, W.M.2    Brown, A.G.3    Ottersen, O.P.4    Storm-Mathisen, J.5
  • 196
    • 0028960515 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic organization of excitatory and inhibitory boutons associated with spinal neurons which project through the dorsal columns of the cat
    • Maxwell D.J., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Synaptic organization of excitatory and inhibitory boutons associated with spinal neurons which project through the dorsal columns of the cat. Brain Res 676 (1995) 103-112
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.676 , pp. 103-112
    • Maxwell, D.J.1    Ottersen, O.P.2    Storm-Mathisen, J.3
  • 197
    • 0030891354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic connections of dorsal horn group II spinal interneurons: synapses formed with the interneurons and by their axon collaterals
    • Maxwell D.J., Kerr R., Jankowska E., and Riddell J.S. Synaptic connections of dorsal horn group II spinal interneurons: synapses formed with the interneurons and by their axon collaterals. J Comp Neurol 380 (1997) 51-69
    • (1997) J Comp Neurol , vol.380 , pp. 51-69
    • Maxwell, D.J.1    Kerr, R.2    Jankowska, E.3    Riddell, J.S.4
  • 198
    • 0023715532 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake by brain synaptic vesicles
    • Maycox P.R., Deckwerth T., Hell J.W., and Jahn R. Glutamate uptake by brain synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem 263 (1988) 15423-15428
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 15423-15428
    • Maycox, P.R.1    Deckwerth, T.2    Hell, J.W.3    Jahn, R.4
  • 199
    • 0026636255 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity
    • McCormick D.A. Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity. Prog Neurobiol 39 (1992) 337-388
    • (1992) Prog Neurobiol , vol.39 , pp. 337-388
    • McCormick, D.A.1
  • 200
    • 0030059244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and asparate immunoreactive neurons of the rat basolateral amygdala: colocalization of excitatory amino acids and projections to the limbic circuit
    • McDonald A.J. Glutamate and asparate immunoreactive neurons of the rat basolateral amygdala: colocalization of excitatory amino acids and projections to the limbic circuit. J Comp Neurol 365 (1996) 367-379
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol , vol.365 , pp. 367-379
    • McDonald, A.J.1
  • 202
    • 0029619279 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of mitochondrial and cytosolic malic enzymes from cultured rat brain astrocytes
    • McKenna M.C., Tildon J.T., Stevenson J.H., Huang X., and Kingwell K.G. Regulation of mitochondrial and cytosolic malic enzymes from cultured rat brain astrocytes. Neurochem Res 20 (1995) 1491-1501
    • (1995) Neurochem Res , vol.20 , pp. 1491-1501
    • McKenna, M.C.1    Tildon, J.T.2    Stevenson, J.H.3    Huang, X.4    Kingwell, K.G.5
  • 203
    • 0030061356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous glutamate concentration regulates the metabolic fate of glutamate in astrocytes
    • McKenna M.C., Sonnewald U., Huang X., Stevenson J., and Zielke H.R. Exogenous glutamate concentration regulates the metabolic fate of glutamate in astrocytes. J Neurochem 66 (1996) 386-393
    • (1996) J Neurochem , vol.66 , pp. 386-393
    • McKenna, M.C.1    Sonnewald, U.2    Huang, X.3    Stevenson, J.4    Zielke, H.R.5
  • 204
    • 0032900831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular glucose concentrations in the rat hippocampus measured by zero-netflux: effects of microdialysis flow rate, strain, and age
    • McNay E.C., and Gold P.E. Extracellular glucose concentrations in the rat hippocampus measured by zero-netflux: effects of microdialysis flow rate, strain, and age. J Neurochem 72 (1999) 785-790
    • (1999) J Neurochem , vol.72 , pp. 785-790
    • McNay, E.C.1    Gold, P.E.2
  • 205
    • 0026047263 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural distribution of glutamate immunore-activity within neurosecretory endings and pituicytes of the rat neurohypophysis
    • Meeker R.B., Swanson D.J., Greenwood R.S., and Hayward J.N. Ultrastructural distribution of glutamate immunore-activity within neurosecretory endings and pituicytes of the rat neurohypophysis. Brain Res 564 (1991) 181-193
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.564 , pp. 181-193
    • Meeker, R.B.1    Swanson, D.J.2    Greenwood, R.S.3    Hayward, J.N.4
  • 206
    • 0027492106 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative mapping of glutamate presynaptic terminals in the supraoptic nucleus and surrounding hypothalamus
    • Meeker R.B., Swanson D.J., Greenwood R.S., and Hayward J.N. Quantitative mapping of glutamate presynaptic terminals in the supraoptic nucleus and surrounding hypothalamus. Brain Res 600 (1993) 112-122
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.600 , pp. 112-122
    • Meeker, R.B.1    Swanson, D.J.2    Greenwood, R.S.3    Hayward, J.N.4
  • 207
    • 0026013302 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural visualization of glutamate and aspartate immunore-activities in the rat dorsal horn, with special reference to the co-localization of glutamate, substance P and calcitonin-gene related peptide
    • Merighi A., Polak J.M., and Theodosis D.T. Ultrastructural visualization of glutamate and aspartate immunore-activities in the rat dorsal horn, with special reference to the co-localization of glutamate, substance P and calcitonin-gene related peptide. Neuroscience 40 (1991) 67-80
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.40 , pp. 67-80
    • Merighi, A.1    Polak, J.M.2    Theodosis, D.T.3
  • 208
    • 0026669238 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity in two types of mouse brain glial cells
    • Miyake T., and Kitamura T. Glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity in two types of mouse brain glial cells. Brain Res 586 (1992) 53-60
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.586 , pp. 53-60
    • Miyake, T.1    Kitamura, T.2
  • 209
    • 0029813819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postembedding immunocytochemistry demonstrates directly that both retinal and cortical terminals in the cat superior colliculus are glutamate immunoreactive
    • Mize R.R., and Butler G.D. Postembedding immunocytochemistry demonstrates directly that both retinal and cortical terminals in the cat superior colliculus are glutamate immunoreactive. J Comp Neurol 371 (1996) 633-648
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol , vol.371 , pp. 633-648
    • Mize, R.R.1    Butler, G.D.2
  • 210
    • 0025430928 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative immunogold analysis reveals high glutamate levels in synaptic terminals of retino-geniculate, cortico-geniculate and geniculocortical axons in the cat
    • Montero V.M. Quantitative immunogold analysis reveals high glutamate levels in synaptic terminals of retino-geniculate, cortico-geniculate and geniculocortical axons in the cat. Vis Neurosci 4 (1990) 437-443
    • (1990) Vis Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 437-443
    • Montero, V.M.1
  • 211
    • 0024788498 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative immunogold analysis reveals high glutamate levels in retinal and cortical synaptic terminals in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque
    • Montero V.M., and Wenthold R.J. Quantitative immunogold analysis reveals high glutamate levels in retinal and cortical synaptic terminals in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque. Neuroscience 31 (1989) 639-647
    • (1989) Neuroscience , vol.31 , pp. 639-647
    • Montero, V.M.1    Wenthold, R.J.2
  • 212
    • 0025696338 scopus 로고
    • Tectospinal neurons in hamster contain glutamate-like immunoreactivity
    • Mooney R.D., Bennett-Clarke C.A., King T.D., and Rhoades R.W. Tectospinal neurons in hamster contain glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Brain Res 537 (1990) 375-380
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.537 , pp. 375-380
    • Mooney, R.D.1    Bennett-Clarke, C.A.2    King, T.D.3    Rhoades, R.W.4
  • 213
    • 0029294583 scopus 로고
    • The human blood-brain barrier glucose transporter (GLUT1) is a glucose transporter of gray matter astrocytes
    • Morgello S., Uson R.R., Schwartz E.J., and Haber R.S. The human blood-brain barrier glucose transporter (GLUT1) is a glucose transporter of gray matter astrocytes. Glia 14 (1995) 43-54
    • (1995) Glia , vol.14 , pp. 43-54
    • Morgello, S.1    Uson, R.R.2    Schwartz, E.J.3    Haber, R.S.4
  • 214
    • 0033535344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in the outer retina
    • Morigiwa K., and Vardi N. Differential expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in the outer retina. J Comp Neurol 405 (1999) 173-184
    • (1999) J Comp Neurol , vol.405 , pp. 173-184
    • Morigiwa, K.1    Vardi, N.2
  • 215
    • 0024448576 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate in the spinal sympathetic intermediolateral nucleus: localization by light and electron microscopy
    • Morrison S.F., Callaway J., Milner T.A., and Reis D.J. Glutamate in the spinal sympathetic intermediolateral nucleus: localization by light and electron microscopy. Brain Res 503 (1989) 5-15
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.503 , pp. 5-15
    • Morrison, S.F.1    Callaway, J.2    Milner, T.A.3    Reis, D.J.4
  • 216
    • 0027324932 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the parafascicular projection to the subthalamic nucleus is glutamatergic
    • Mouroux M., and Féger J. Evidence that the parafascicular projection to the subthalamic nucleus is glutamatergic. Neuroreport 4 (1993) 613-615
    • (1993) Neuroreport , vol.4 , pp. 613-615
    • Mouroux, M.1    Féger, J.2
  • 217
    • 0029785847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicle shape and amino acids in synaptic inputs to phrenic motoneurons: do all inputs contain either glutamate or GABA?
    • Murphy S.M., Pilowsky P.M., and Llewellyn-Smith I.J. Vesicle shape and amino acids in synaptic inputs to phrenic motoneurons: do all inputs contain either glutamate or GABA?. J Comp Neurol 373 (1996) 200-219
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol , vol.373 , pp. 200-219
    • Murphy, S.M.1    Pilowsky, P.M.2    Llewellyn-Smith, I.J.3
  • 218
    • 0029928379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal and glial handling of glutamine and glutamate during hypoosmotic stress: a biochemical and quantitative immunocytochemical analysis using the rat cerebellum as a model
    • Nagelhus E., Lehmann A., and Ottersen O.P. Neuronal and glial handling of glutamine and glutamate during hypoosmotic stress: a biochemical and quantitative immunocytochemical analysis using the rat cerebellum as a model. Neuroscience 72 (1996) 743-755
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.72 , pp. 743-755
    • Nagelhus, E.1    Lehmann, A.2    Ottersen, O.P.3
  • 219
    • 0028059031 scopus 로고
    • The cortico-pallidal projection in the rat: an anterograde tracing study with biotinylated dextran amine
    • Naito A., and Kita H. The cortico-pallidal projection in the rat: an anterograde tracing study with biotinylated dextran amine. Brain Res 653 (1994) 251-257
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.653 , pp. 251-257
    • Naito, A.1    Kita, H.2
  • 220
    • 0028006112 scopus 로고
    • The cortico-nigral projection in the rat: an anterograde tracing study with biotinylated dextran amine
    • Naito A., and Kita H. The cortico-nigral projection in the rat: an anterograde tracing study with biotinylated dextran amine. Brain Res 637 (1994) 317-322
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.637 , pp. 317-322
    • Naito, A.1    Kita, H.2
  • 221
    • 0020691267 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine triphosphate dependent uptake of glutamate into protein I-associated synaptic vesicles
    • Naito S., and Ueda T. Adenosine triphosphate dependent uptake of glutamate into protein I-associated synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem 258 (1983) 696-699
    • (1983) J Biol Chem , vol.258 , pp. 696-699
    • Naito, S.1    Ueda, T.2
  • 222
    • 0021965984 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles
    • Naito S., and Ueda T. Characterization of glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles. J Neurochem 44 (1985) 99-109
    • (1985) J Neurochem , vol.44 , pp. 99-109
    • Naito, S.1    Ueda, T.2
  • 223
    • 0027232329 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate
    • Nakajima Y., Iwakabe H., Akazawa C., Nawa H., Shigemoto R., Mizuno N., and Nakanishi S. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate. J Biol Chem 268 (1993) 11868-11873
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 11868-11873
    • Nakajima, Y.1    Iwakabe, H.2    Akazawa, C.3    Nawa, H.4    Shigemoto, R.5    Mizuno, N.6    Nakanishi, S.7
  • 224
    • 0030893024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased production of extracellular glutamate by the mitochondrial glutaminase following neuronal death
    • Newcomb R., Sun X., Taylor L., Curthoys N., and Giffard R.G. Increased production of extracellular glutamate by the mitochondrial glutaminase following neuronal death. J Biol Chem 272 (1997) 11276-11282
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 11276-11282
    • Newcomb, R.1    Sun, X.2    Taylor, L.3    Curthoys, N.4    Giffard, R.G.5
  • 225
    • 0032583209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of mitochondrial glutaminase, and amino acids at prolonged times after experimental focal cerebral ischemia
    • Newcomb R., Pierce A.R., Kano T., Meng W., Bosque-Hamilton P., Taylor L., Curthoys N., and Lo E.H. Characterization of mitochondrial glutaminase, and amino acids at prolonged times after experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 813 (1998) 103-111
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.813 , pp. 103-111
    • Newcomb, R.1    Pierce, A.R.2    Kano, T.3    Meng, W.4    Bosque-Hamilton, P.5    Taylor, L.6    Curthoys, N.7    Lo, E.H.8
  • 226
    • 0033575697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abducens internuclear and ascending tract of Deiters inputs to medial rectus motoneurons in the cat oculomotor nucleus: neurotransmitters
    • Nguyen L.T., and Spencer R.F. Abducens internuclear and ascending tract of Deiters inputs to medial rectus motoneurons in the cat oculomotor nucleus: neurotransmitters. J Comp Neurol 411 (1999) 73-86
    • (1999) J Comp Neurol , vol.411 , pp. 73-86
    • Nguyen, L.T.1    Spencer, R.F.2
  • 227
    • 0026503303 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-, substance P- and glutamate/aspartate-like immunoreactivities in medullo-spinal pathways of rat and primate
    • Nicholas A.P., Pieribone V.A., Arvidsson U., and Hökfelt T. Serotonin-, substance P- and glutamate/aspartate-like immunoreactivities in medullo-spinal pathways of rat and primate. Neuroscience 48 (1992) 545-559
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.48 , pp. 545-559
    • Nicholas, A.P.1    Pieribone, V.A.2    Arvidsson, U.3    Hökfelt, T.4
  • 228
    • 4244097171 scopus 로고
    • The release of glutamate from synaptic terminals
    • Stone T.W. (Ed), CRC Press, New York
    • Nicholls D.G. The release of glutamate from synaptic terminals. In: Stone T.W. (Ed). CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators: Glutamate (1995), CRC Press, New York 35-52
    • (1995) CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators: Glutamate , pp. 35-52
    • Nicholls, D.G.1
  • 229
    • 0029955190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential glutamatergic innervation in cytochrome oxidase-rich and -poor regions of the macaque striate cortex: quantitative EM analysis of neurons and neuropil
    • Nie F., and Wong-Riley M.T.T. Differential glutamatergic innervation in cytochrome oxidase-rich and -poor regions of the macaque striate cortex: quantitative EM analysis of neurons and neuropil. J Comp Neurol 369 (1996) 571-590
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol , vol.369 , pp. 571-590
    • Nie, F.1    Wong-Riley, M.T.T.2
  • 230
    • 0025908739 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in retinal terminals in the nucleus of the optic tract in rabbits
    • Nunes-Cardoso B., Buijs R., and Van der Want J. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in retinal terminals in the nucleus of the optic tract in rabbits. J Comp Neurol 309 (1991) 261-270
    • (1991) J Comp Neurol , vol.309 , pp. 261-270
    • Nunes-Cardoso, B.1    Buijs, R.2    Van der Want, J.3
  • 231
    • 0027937531 scopus 로고
    • Subsynaptic segregation of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as revealed by immunogold localization
    • Nusser Z., Mulvihill E., Streit P., and Somogyi P. Subsynaptic segregation of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as revealed by immunogold localization. Neuroscience 61 (1994) 421-427
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.61 , pp. 421-427
    • Nusser, Z.1    Mulvihill, E.2    Streit, P.3    Somogyi, P.4
  • 232
    • 0030629694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia pathophysiology. A critical review
    • Obeso J.A., DeLong M.R., Ohye C., and Marsden C.D. (Eds), Lippincott-Raven, New York
    • Obeso J.A., Rodriguez M.C., and DeLong M.R. Basal ganglia pathophysiology. A critical review. In: Obeso J.A., DeLong M.R., Ohye C., and Marsden C.D. (Eds). The Basal Ganglia and New Surgical Approaches to Parkinson's Disease (1997), Lippincott-Raven, New York 3-18
    • (1997) The Basal Ganglia and New Surgical Approaches to Parkinson's Disease , pp. 3-18
    • Obeso, J.A.1    Rodriguez, M.C.2    DeLong, M.R.3
  • 233
    • 0023656711 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic analysis of the synaptic organization of the globus pallidus in the cat
    • Okoyama S., Nakamura Y., Morizumi T., and Kitao Y. Electron microscopic analysis of the synaptic organization of the globus pallidus in the cat. J Comp Neurol 265 (1987) 323-331
    • (1987) J Comp Neurol , vol.265 , pp. 323-331
    • Okoyama, S.1    Nakamura, Y.2    Morizumi, T.3    Kitao, Y.4
  • 234
    • 0032711091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Nitropropionic acid: an astrocyte-sparing neurotoxin in vitro
    • Olsen C., Rustad A., Fonnum F., Paulsen R.E., and Hassel B. 3-Nitropropionic acid: an astrocyte-sparing neurotoxin in vitro. Brain Res 850 (1999) 144-149
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.850 , pp. 144-149
    • Olsen, C.1    Rustad, A.2    Fonnum, F.3    Paulsen, R.E.4    Hassel, B.5
  • 235
    • 0013947550 scopus 로고
    • Precursors in vivo of glutamate, aspartate and their derivatives of rat brain
    • O'Neal R.M., and Koeppe R.E. Precursors in vivo of glutamate, aspartate and their derivatives of rat brain. J Neurochem 13 (1966) 835-847
    • (1966) J Neurochem , vol.13 , pp. 835-847
    • O'Neal, R.M.1    Koeppe, R.E.2
  • 236
    • 70350308187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in the Spinal Cord Motor Nuclei
    • Karolinska Institute, Stockholm
    • Örnung G. On Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in the Spinal Cord Motor Nuclei. Thesis (1997), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm
    • (1997) Thesis
    • Örnung, G.1
  • 237
    • 0028803031 scopus 로고
    • Ia boutons to CCN neurones and motoneurones are enriched with glutamate-like immunoreactivity
    • örnung G., Ragnarson B., Grant G., Ottersen O.P., Storm-Mathisen J., and Ulfhake B. Ia boutons to CCN neurones and motoneurones are enriched with glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Neuroreport 6 (1995) 1975-1980
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 1975-1980
    • örnung, G.1    Ragnarson, B.2    Grant, G.3    Ottersen, O.P.4    Storm-Mathisen, J.5    Ulfhake, B.6
  • 238
    • 0031963593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of glutamate-, glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals on dendrites in the cat spinal motor nucleus
    • Örnung G., Ottersen O.P., Cullheim S., and Ulfhake B. Distribution of glutamate-, glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals on dendrites in the cat spinal motor nucleus. Exp Brain Res 118 (1998) 517-532
    • (1998) Exp Brain Res , vol.118 , pp. 517-532
    • Örnung, G.1    Ottersen, O.P.2    Cullheim, S.3    Ulfhake, B.4
  • 239
    • 0027376339 scopus 로고
    • The chemical nature of the main central excitatory transmitter: a critical appraisal based upon release studies and synaptic vesicle localization
    • Orrego F., and Villanueva S. The chemical nature of the main central excitatory transmitter: a critical appraisal based upon release studies and synaptic vesicle localization. Neuroscience 56 (1993) 539-555
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.56 , pp. 539-555
    • Orrego, F.1    Villanueva, S.2
  • 240
    • 0029005633 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the pattern of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in rat superior colliculus following retinal and visual cortical lesions
    • Ortega F., Hennequet L., Sarria R., Streit P., and Grandes P. Changes in the pattern of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in rat superior colliculus following retinal and visual cortical lesions. Neuroscience 67 (1995) 125-134
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.67 , pp. 125-134
    • Ortega, F.1    Hennequet, L.2    Sarria, R.3    Streit, P.4    Grandes, P.5
  • 241
    • 0029043824 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate is concentrated in and released from parallel fiber terminals in the dorsal cochlear nucleus: a quantitative immunocytochemical analysis in guinea pig
    • Osen K.K., Storm-Mathisen J., Ottersen O.P., and Dihle B. Glutamate is concentrated in and released from parallel fiber terminals in the dorsal cochlear nucleus: a quantitative immunocytochemical analysis in guinea pig. J Comp Neurol 357 (1995) 482-500
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.357 , pp. 482-500
    • Osen, K.K.1    Storm-Mathisen, J.2    Ottersen, O.P.3    Dihle, B.4
  • 242
    • 0019154733 scopus 로고
    • Immunofluorescent and histochemical localization of glucosephosphate isomerase in neural tissues
    • Oster-Granite M.L., and Gearhart J. Immunofluorescent and histochemical localization of glucosephosphate isomerase in neural tissues. J. Cytochem 28 (1980) 250-254
    • (1980) J. Cytochem , vol.28 , pp. 250-254
    • Oster-Granite, M.L.1    Gearhart, J.2
  • 243
    • 0023545235 scopus 로고
    • Postembedding light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of amino acids: description of a new model system allowing identical conditions for specificity testing and tissue processing
    • Ottersen O.P. Postembedding light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of amino acids: description of a new model system allowing identical conditions for specificity testing and tissue processing. Exp Brain Res 69 (1987) 167-174
    • (1987) Exp Brain Res , vol.69 , pp. 167-174
    • Ottersen, O.P.1
  • 244
    • 0024605419 scopus 로고
    • Postembedding immunogold labelling of fixed glutamate: an electron microscopic analysis of the relationship between gold particle density and antigen concentration
    • Ottersen O.P. Postembedding immunogold labelling of fixed glutamate: an electron microscopic analysis of the relationship between gold particle density and antigen concentration. J Chem Neuroanat 2 (1989) 57-66
    • (1989) J Chem Neuroanat , vol.2 , pp. 57-66
    • Ottersen, O.P.1
  • 245
    • 0002694207 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters: anatomical systems
    • Meldrum B.S. (Ed), Blackwell, London
    • Ottersen O.P. Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters: anatomical systems. In: Meldrum B.S. (Ed). Excitatory Amino Acid Antogonists (1991), Blackwell, London 14-35
    • (1991) Excitatory Amino Acid Antogonists , pp. 14-35
    • Ottersen, O.P.1
  • 247
    • 0021716227 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate- and GABA-containing neurons in the mouse and rat brain, as demonstrated with a new immunocytochemical technique
    • Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Glutamate- and GABA-containing neurons in the mouse and rat brain, as demonstrated with a new immunocytochemical technique. J Comp Neurol 229 (1984) 374-392
    • (1984) J Comp Neurol , vol.229 , pp. 374-392
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Storm-Mathisen, J.2
  • 248
    • 0022369860 scopus 로고
    • Different neuronal localization of aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities in the hippocampus of rat, guinea-pig and Senegalese baboon (Papio papio), with a note on the distribution of γ-aminobutyrate
    • Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Different neuronal localization of aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities in the hippocampus of rat, guinea-pig and Senegalese baboon (Papio papio), with a note on the distribution of γ-aminobutyrate. Neuroscience 6 (1985) 589-606
    • (1985) Neuroscience , vol.6 , pp. 589-606
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Storm-Mathisen, J.2
  • 249
    • 70350280858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters in the cerebellum
    • Mario M., and Massimo P. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Ottersen O.P., and Walberg F. Neurotransmitters in the cerebellum. In: Mario M., and Massimo P. (Eds). Cerebellar Ataxias (2000), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • (2000) Cerebellar Ataxias
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Walberg, F.2
  • 251
    • 0025081048 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of a releasable pool of glutamate in cerebellar mossy and parallel fibre terminals by means of light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry
    • Ottersen O.P., Laake J.H., and Storm-Mathisen J. Demonstration of a releasable pool of glutamate in cerebellar mossy and parallel fibre terminals by means of light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Arch Ital Biol 128 (1990) 111-125
    • (1990) Arch Ital Biol , vol.128 , pp. 111-125
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Laake, J.H.2    Storm-Mathisen, J.3
  • 252
    • 0026544324 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunochemistry in rat cerebellum
    • Ottersen O.P., Zhang N., and Walberg F. Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunochemistry in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 46 (1992) 519-534
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.46 , pp. 519-534
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Zhang, N.2    Walberg, F.3
  • 253
    • 0032008180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular organization of a type of peripheral glutamate synapse: the afferent synapses of hair cells in the inner ear
    • Ottersen O.P., Takumi Y., Matsubara A., Landsend A.S., Laake J.H., and Usami S. Molecular organization of a type of peripheral glutamate synapse: the afferent synapses of hair cells in the inner ear. Prog Neurobiol 54 (1998) 127-148
    • (1998) Prog Neurobiol , vol.54 , pp. 127-148
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Takumi, Y.2    Matsubara, A.3    Landsend, A.S.4    Laake, J.H.5    Usami, S.6
  • 255
    • 0025371481 scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic connections of the basal ganglia
    • Parent A. Extrinsic connections of the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 13 (1990) 254-258
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 254-258
    • Parent, A.1
  • 256
    • 0027450928 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical aspects of information processing in primate basal ganglia
    • Parent A., and Hazrati L.N. Anatomical aspects of information processing in primate basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 16 (1993) 111-116
    • (1993) Trends Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 111-116
    • Parent, A.1    Hazrati, L.N.2
  • 257
    • 0028816344 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia, I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop
    • Parent A., and Hazrati L.-N. Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia, I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. Brain Res Rev 20 (1995) 91-127
    • (1995) Brain Res Rev , vol.20 , pp. 91-127
    • Parent, A.1    Hazrati, L.-N.2
  • 258
    • 0028817060 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry
    • Parent A., and Hazrati L.N. Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry. Brain Res Rev 20 (1995) 128-154
    • (1995) Brain Res Rev , vol.20 , pp. 128-154
    • Parent, A.1    Hazrati, L.N.2
  • 259
    • 0023489246 scopus 로고
    • Organization of efferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus in the squirrel monkey as revealed by retrograde labeling methods
    • Parent A., and Smith Y. Organization of efferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus in the squirrel monkey as revealed by retrograde labeling methods. Brain Res 436 (1987) 296-310
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.436 , pp. 296-310
    • Parent, A.1    Smith, Y.2
  • 260
    • 0016137008 scopus 로고
    • 2-fixing enzymes in the metabolism of rat brain
    • 2-fixing enzymes in the metabolism of rat brain. J Neurochem 22 (1974) 717-724
    • (1974) J Neurochem , vol.22 , pp. 717-724
    • Patel, M.S.1
  • 261
    • 0024375476 scopus 로고
    • +-evoked release of transmitter amino acids investigated by microdialysis
    • +-evoked release of transmitter amino acids investigated by microdialysis. J Neurochem 52 (1989) 1823-1829
    • (1989) J Neurochem , vol.52 , pp. 1823-1829
    • Paulsen, R.E.1    Fonnum, F.2
  • 262
    • 0023809089 scopus 로고
    • Importance of glutamine for gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in rat neostriatum in vivo
    • Paulsen R.E., Odden E., and Fonnum F. Importance of glutamine for gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in rat neostriatum in vivo. J Neurochem 51 (1988) 1294-1299
    • (1988) J Neurochem , vol.51 , pp. 1294-1299
    • Paulsen, R.E.1    Odden, E.2    Fonnum, F.3
  • 263
    • 0028080101 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization
    • Pellerin L., and Magistretti P.J. Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 (1994) 10625-10629
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 10625-10629
    • Pellerin, L.1    Magistretti, P.J.2
  • 264
    • 0030870286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +-ATPase activity in astrocytes via activation of a distinct subunit highly sensitive to ouabain
    • +-ATPase activity in astrocytes via activation of a distinct subunit highly sensitive to ouabain. J Neurochem 69 (1997) 2132-2137
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 2132-2137
    • Pellerin, L.1    Magistretti, P.J.2
  • 265
    • 0026560573 scopus 로고
    • Light and electron immunocytochemical localization of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors in the rat brain
    • Petralia R.S., and Wenthold R.J. Light and electron immunocytochemical localization of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors in the rat brain. J Comp Neurol 318 (1992) 329-354
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.318 , pp. 329-354
    • Petralia, R.S.1    Wenthold, R.J.2
  • 266
    • 0028304919 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence for an excitatory amino acid pathway from the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus to the prefrontal cortex in the rat
    • Pirot S., Jay T.M., Glowinski J., and Thierry A.-M. Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence for an excitatory amino acid pathway from the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus to the prefrontal cortex in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 6 (1994) 1225-1234
    • (1994) Eur J Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 1225-1234
    • Pirot, S.1    Jay, T.M.2    Glowinski, J.3    Thierry, A.-M.4
  • 267
    • 0014213579 scopus 로고
    • Lactate metabolism in anxiety neurosis
    • Pitts F.N., and McClure J.N. Lactate metabolism in anxiety neurosis. N Engl J Med 277 (1967) 1329-1336
    • (1967) N Engl J Med , vol.277 , pp. 1329-1336
    • Pitts, F.N.1    McClure, J.N.2
  • 268
    • 0027234370 scopus 로고
    • Extremely high titre polyclonal antisera against small neurotransmitter molecules: rapid production, characterisation and use in light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry
    • Pow D.V., and Crook D.K. Extremely high titre polyclonal antisera against small neurotransmitter molecules: rapid production, characterisation and use in light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. J Neurosci Methods 48 (1993) 51-63
    • (1993) J Neurosci Methods , vol.48 , pp. 51-63
    • Pow, D.V.1    Crook, D.K.2
  • 269
    • 0014144280 scopus 로고
    • I. Synaptic potentials and discharge characteristics of caudate neurons activated by thalamic stimulation
    • Purpura D.P., and Malliani A. I. Synaptic potentials and discharge characteristics of caudate neurons activated by thalamic stimulation. Brain Res 6 (1967) 325-340
    • (1967) Brain Res , vol.6 , pp. 325-340
    • Purpura, D.P.1    Malliani, A.2
  • 270
    • 70350261113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Central Cervical Nucleus in the Rat. Studies on Connectivity, Function and Chemical Transmission
    • Karolinska Institute, Stockholm
    • Ragnarson B. The Central Cervical Nucleus in the Rat. Studies on Connectivity, Function and Chemical Transmission. Thesis (1998), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm
    • (1998) Thesis
    • Ragnarson, B.1
  • 271
    • 0343052673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the retinotectal terminals of the viper Vipera aspis: an electron microscope quantitative immunogold study
    • Reperant J., Rio J.P., Ward R., Wasowicz M., Miceli D., Medina M., and Pierre J. Enrichment of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the retinotectal terminals of the viper Vipera aspis: an electron microscope quantitative immunogold study. J Chem Neuroanat 12 (1997) 267-280
    • (1997) J Chem Neuroanat , vol.12 , pp. 267-280
    • Reperant, J.1    Rio, J.P.2    Ward, R.3    Wasowicz, M.4    Miceli, D.5    Medina, M.6    Pierre, J.7
  • 272
    • 0019158217 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of the release of glutamate and GABA, newly synthesized from glutamine in various regions of the central nervous system
    • Reubi J.C. Comparative study of the release of glutamate and GABA, newly synthesized from glutamine in various regions of the central nervous system. Neuroscience 5 (1980) 2145-2150
    • (1980) Neuroscience , vol.5 , pp. 2145-2150
    • Reubi, J.C.1
  • 273
    • 0027465450 scopus 로고
    • Terminals of subthalamonigral fibres are enriched with glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic, immunogold analysis in the cat
    • Rinvik E., and Ottersen O.P. Terminals of subthalamonigral fibres are enriched with glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic, immunogold analysis in the cat. J Chem Neuroanat 6 (1993) 19-30
    • (1993) J Chem Neuroanat , vol.6 , pp. 19-30
    • Rinvik, E.1    Ottersen, O.P.2
  • 274
    • 0008354169 scopus 로고
    • A study of the afferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey and cat, using the HRP technique
    • Poirier L.J., Sourkes T.L., and Bédard P.J. (Eds), Plenum Press, New York
    • Rinvik E., Grofova I., et al. A study of the afferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey and cat, using the HRP technique. In: Poirier L.J., Sourkes T.L., and Bédard P.J. (Eds). The Extrapyramidal System and Its Disorders (1979), Plenum Press, New York 53-70
    • (1979) The Extrapyramidal System and Its Disorders , pp. 53-70
    • Rinvik, E.1    Grofova, I.2
  • 275
    • 0023022617 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate in rat brain cortex synaptic vesicles: influence of the vesicle isolation procedure
    • Riveros N., Fiedler J., Lagos N., Munoz C., and Orrego F. Glutamate in rat brain cortex synaptic vesicles: influence of the vesicle isolation procedure. Brain Res 386 (1986) 405-408
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.386 , pp. 405-408
    • Riveros, N.1    Fiedler, J.2    Lagos, N.3    Munoz, C.4    Orrego, F.5
  • 276
    • 0029095569 scopus 로고
    • The orientation of phosphate activated glutaminase in the inner mitochondrial membrane of synaptic and non-synaptic rat brain mitochondria
    • Roberg B., Torgner I.A., and Kvamme E. The orientation of phosphate activated glutaminase in the inner mitochondrial membrane of synaptic and non-synaptic rat brain mitochondria. Neurochem Int 27 (1995) 367-376
    • (1995) Neurochem Int , vol.27 , pp. 367-376
    • Roberg, B.1    Torgner, I.A.2    Kvamme, E.3
  • 277
    • 0025351160 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory influence of rat subthalamic nucleus to substantia nigra pars reticulata and the pallidal complex electrophysiological data
    • Robledo P., and Féger J. Excitatory influence of rat subthalamic nucleus to substantia nigra pars reticulata and the pallidal complex electrophysiological data. Brain Res 518 (1990) 47-54
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.518 , pp. 47-54
    • Robledo, P.1    Féger, J.2
  • 278
    • 0018357722 scopus 로고
    • Corticosubthalamic projection in the cat: an electron microscopic study
    • Romansky K.V., Usunoff K.G., Ivanov D.P., and Galabov G.P. Corticosubthalamic projection in the cat: an electron microscopic study. Brain Res 163 (1979) 319-322
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.163 , pp. 319-322
    • Romansky, K.V.1    Usunoff, K.G.2    Ivanov, D.P.3    Galabov, G.P.4
  • 279
    • 0029049827 scopus 로고
    • Influence of perfusate glucose concentration on dialysate lactate, pyruvate, aspartate, and glutamate levels under basal and hypoxic conditions: a microdialysis study in rat brain
    • Ronne-Engstrom E., Carlson H., Liu Y., Ungerstedt U., and Hillered L. Influence of perfusate glucose concentration on dialysate lactate, pyruvate, aspartate, and glutamate levels under basal and hypoxic conditions: a microdialysis study in rat brain. J Neurochem 65 (1995) 257-262
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.65 , pp. 257-262
    • Ronne-Engstrom, E.1    Carlson, H.2    Liu, Y.3    Ungerstedt, U.4    Hillered, L.5
  • 280
    • 0028157522 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural visualization and neurochemical characterization of spinal projections of primary sensory afferents from the nipple: combined use of transganglionic transport of HRP-WGA and glutamate immunocytochemistry
    • Rousselot P., Poulain D.A., and Theodosis D.T. Ultrastructural visualization and neurochemical characterization of spinal projections of primary sensory afferents from the nipple: combined use of transganglionic transport of HRP-WGA and glutamate immunocytochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 42 (1994) 115-123
    • (1994) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.42 , pp. 115-123
    • Rousselot, P.1    Poulain, D.A.2    Theodosis, D.T.3
  • 281
    • 0023269537 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological study of the cortical-induced excitation of subthalamic nucleus neurons in the rat: evidence for amino acids as putative neurotransmitters
    • Rouzaire-Dubois B., and Scarnati E. Pharmacological study of the cortical-induced excitation of subthalamic nucleus neurons in the rat: evidence for amino acids as putative neurotransmitters. Neuroscience 21 (1987) 429-440
    • (1987) Neuroscience , vol.21 , pp. 429-440
    • Rouzaire-Dubois, B.1    Scarnati, E.2
  • 282
    • 0032575997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical anatomy of excitatory endings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the rat: differential synaptic distribution of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate, and vesicular zino
    • Rubio M.E., and Juiz J.M. Chemical anatomy of excitatory endings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the rat: differential synaptic distribution of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate, and vesicular zino. J Comp Neurol 399 (1998) 341-358
    • (1998) J Comp Neurol , vol.399 , pp. 341-358
    • Rubio, M.E.1    Juiz, J.M.2
  • 283
    • 0020043288 scopus 로고
    • Selective retrograde transport of d-aspartate in spinal interneurons and cortical neurons of rats
    • Rustioni A., and Cuénod M. Selective retrograde transport of d-aspartate in spinal interneurons and cortical neurons of rats. Brain Res 236 (1982) 143-155
    • (1982) Brain Res , vol.236 , pp. 143-155
    • Rustioni, A.1    Cuénod, M.2
  • 285
    • 0344721564 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory and inhibitory amino acid putative neurotransmitters in the ventralis posterior complex: an autoradiographic and immunocytochemical study in rats and cats
    • Macchi G., Rustioni A., and Spreafico R. (Eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Rustioni A., Schmechel D.E., Spreafico R., Cheema S., and Cuénod M. Excitatory and inhibitory amino acid putative neurotransmitters in the ventralis posterior complex: an autoradiographic and immunocytochemical study in rats and cats. In: Macchi G., Rustioni A., and Spreafico R. (Eds). Somatosensory Integration in the Thalamus (1983), Elsevier, Amsterdam 365-383
    • (1983) Somatosensory Integration in the Thalamus , pp. 365-383
    • Rustioni, A.1    Schmechel, D.E.2    Spreafico, R.3    Cheema, S.4    Cuénod, M.5
  • 286
    • 0026773495 scopus 로고
    • Efferent connections of the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the squirrel monkey: a light and electron microscopic study of the thalamostriatal projection in relation to striatal heterogeneity
    • Sadikot A.F., Parent A., Smith Y., and Bolam J.P. Efferent connections of the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the squirrel monkey: a light and electron microscopic study of the thalamostriatal projection in relation to striatal heterogeneity. J Comp Neurol 320 (1992) 228-242
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.320 , pp. 228-242
    • Sadikot, A.F.1    Parent, A.2    Smith, Y.3    Bolam, J.P.4
  • 287
    • 0029257282 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-immunoreactivity in identified vagal afferent terminals of the cat: a study combining horseradish peroxidase tracing and postembedding electron microscopic immunogold staining
    • Saha S., Batten T.F.C., and McWilliam P.N. Glutamate-immunoreactivity in identified vagal afferent terminals of the cat: a study combining horseradish peroxidase tracing and postembedding electron microscopic immunogold staining. Exp Physiol 80 (1995) 193-202
    • (1995) Exp Physiol , vol.80 , pp. 193-202
    • Saha, S.1    Batten, T.F.C.2    McWilliam, P.N.3
  • 288
    • 0028983309 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and tachykinin-immunoreactive synapses in the cat nucleus tractus solitarii
    • Saha S., Batten T.F.C., and McWilliam P.N. Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and tachykinin-immunoreactive synapses in the cat nucleus tractus solitarii. J Neurocytol 24 (1995) 55-74
    • (1995) J Neurocytol , vol.24 , pp. 55-74
    • Saha, S.1    Batten, T.F.C.2    McWilliam, P.N.3
  • 289
    • 0021998297 scopus 로고
    • The morphology and synaptic connections of spiny stellate neurons in monkey visual cortex (area 17): a Golgi-electron microscopic study
    • Saint Marie R.L., and Peters A. The morphology and synaptic connections of spiny stellate neurons in monkey visual cortex (area 17): a Golgi-electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 233 (1985) 213-235
    • (1985) J Comp Neurol , vol.233 , pp. 213-235
    • Saint Marie, R.L.1    Peters, A.2
  • 290
    • 0014429765 scopus 로고
    • Subcellular distribution of pyruvate carboxylase, diphosphopyridine nucleotide and triphospyridine nucleotide isocitrate dehydrogenases, and malate enzyme in rat brain
    • Salganicoff L., and Koeppe R.A. Subcellular distribution of pyruvate carboxylase, diphosphopyridine nucleotide and triphospyridine nucleotide isocitrate dehydrogenases, and malate enzyme in rat brain. J Biol Chem 243 (1968) 3416-3420
    • (1968) J Biol Chem , vol.243 , pp. 3416-3420
    • Salganicoff, L.1    Koeppe, R.A.2
  • 291
    • 0029935519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in sensory transmission in the mammalian thalamus
    • Salt T.E., and Eaton S.A. Functions of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in sensory transmission in the mammalian thalamus. Prog Neurobiol 48 (1996) 55-72
    • (1996) Prog Neurobiol , vol.48 , pp. 55-72
    • Salt, T.E.1    Eaton, S.A.2
  • 292
    • 0021015202 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter candidates of somatosensory primary afferent fibers
    • Salt T.E., and Hill R.G. Neurotransmitter candidates of somatosensory primary afferent fibers. Neuroscience 10 (1983) 1083-1103
    • (1983) Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 1083-1103
    • Salt, T.E.1    Hill, R.G.2
  • 293
    • 0025961829 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of GABA and glutamate in mossy fiber terminals of the primate hippocampus: an ultrastructural study
    • Sandler R., and Smith A.D. Coexistence of GABA and glutamate in mossy fiber terminals of the primate hippocampus: an ultrastructural study. J Comp Neurol 303 (1991) 177-192
    • (1991) J Comp Neurol , vol.303 , pp. 177-192
    • Sandler, R.1    Smith, A.D.2
  • 294
    • 0029669954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Glutamate-induced responses in OFF-type bipolar cells of the cat retina
    • Sasaki T., and Kaneko A. L-Glutamate-induced responses in OFF-type bipolar cells of the cat retina. Vis Res 36 (1996) 787-795
    • (1996) Vis Res , vol.36 , pp. 787-795
    • Sasaki, T.1    Kaneko, A.2
  • 295
    • 0023926060 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of primary afferent and glutamate excitation of neurons in the mammalian spinal dorsal horn
    • Schneider S.P., and Perl E.R. Comparison of primary afferent and glutamate excitation of neurons in the mammalian spinal dorsal horn. J Neurosci 8 (1988) 2062-2073
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 2062-2073
    • Schneider, S.P.1    Perl, E.R.2
  • 296
    • 0030891505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections from the cerebellar lateral nucleus to precerebellar nuclei in the mossy fiber pathway is glutamatergic: a study combining anterograde tracing with immunogold labeling in the rat
    • Schwarz C., and Schmitz Y. Projections from the cerebellar lateral nucleus to precerebellar nuclei in the mossy fiber pathway is glutamatergic: a study combining anterograde tracing with immunogold labeling in the rat. J Comp Neurol 381 (1997) 320-334
    • (1997) J Comp Neurol , vol.381 , pp. 320-334
    • Schwarz, C.1    Schmitz, Y.2
  • 297
    • 77957010084 scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate carboxylase from chicken liver
    • Lowenstein J.M. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Scrutton M.C., Olmsted M.R., and Utter M.F. Pyruvate carboxylase from chicken liver. In: Lowenstein J.M. (Ed). Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 13 (1969), Academic Press, New York 235-249
    • (1969) Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 13 , pp. 235-249
    • Scrutton, M.C.1    Olmsted, M.R.2    Utter, M.F.3
  • 298
    • 0021988603 scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate carboxylase: an astrocyte-specific enzyme implicated in the replenishment of amino acid neurotransmitter pools
    • Shank R.P., Bennett G.S., Freytag S.O., and Campbell G.L. Pyruvate carboxylase: an astrocyte-specific enzyme implicated in the replenishment of amino acid neurotransmitter pools. Brain Res 329 (1985) 364-367
    • (1985) Brain Res , vol.329 , pp. 364-367
    • Shank, R.P.1    Bennett, G.S.2    Freytag, S.O.3    Campbell, G.L.4
  • 300
    • 0029013922 scopus 로고
    • Differential synaptic innervation of neurons in the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus by the GABA- and glutamate-containing terminals in the squirrel monkey
    • Shink E., and Smith Y. Differential synaptic innervation of neurons in the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus by the GABA- and glutamate-containing terminals in the squirrel monkey. J Comp Neurol 358 (1995) 119-141
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.358 , pp. 119-141
    • Shink, E.1    Smith, Y.2
  • 301
    • 0026746392 scopus 로고
    • Immunogold quantification of glutamate in two types of excitatory synapse with different firing patterns
    • Shupliakov O., Brodin L., Cullheim S., Ottersen O.P., and Storm-Mathisen J. Immunogold quantification of glutamate in two types of excitatory synapse with different firing patterns. J Neurosci 12 (1992) 3789-3803
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 3789-3803
    • Shupliakov, O.1    Brodin, L.2    Cullheim, S.3    Ottersen, O.P.4    Storm-Mathisen, J.5
  • 304
    • 0023934783 scopus 로고
    • Neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates display glutamate but not GABA immunoreactivity
    • Smith Y., and Parent A. Neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates display glutamate but not GABA immunoreactivity. Brain Res 453 (1988) 353-356
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.453 , pp. 353-356
    • Smith, Y.1    Parent, A.2
  • 306
    • 0021966630 scopus 로고
    • Antisera to gamma-aminobutyric acid, III. Demonstration of GABA in Golgi-impregnated neurons and in conventional electron microscopic sections of cat striate cortex
    • Somogyi P., and Hodgson A.J. Antisera to gamma-aminobutyric acid, III. Demonstration of GABA in Golgi-impregnated neurons and in conventional electron microscopic sections of cat striate cortex. J Histochem Cytochem 33 (1985) 249-257
    • (1985) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.33 , pp. 249-257
    • Somogyi, P.1    Hodgson, A.J.2
  • 307
    • 0023032358 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of immunogold labelling reveals enrichment of glutamate in mossy and parallel fibre terminals in cat cerebellum
    • Somogyi P., Halasy K., Somogyi J., Storm-Mathisen J., and Ottersen O.P. Quantification of immunogold labelling reveals enrichment of glutamate in mossy and parallel fibre terminals in cat cerebellum. Neuroscience 19 (1986) 1045-1050
    • (1986) Neuroscience , vol.19 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Somogyi, P.1    Halasy, K.2    Somogyi, J.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4    Ottersen, O.P.5
  • 308
    • 0024349328 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an excitatory amino acid pathway in the brainstem and for its involvement in cardiovascular control
    • Somogyi P., Minson J.B., Morilak D., Llewellyn-Smith I., McIlhinney J.R., and Chalmers J. Evidence for an excitatory amino acid pathway in the brainstem and for its involvement in cardiovascular control. Brain Res 496 (1989) 401-407
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.496 , pp. 401-407
    • Somogyi, P.1    Minson, J.B.2    Morilak, D.3    Llewellyn-Smith, I.4    McIlhinney, J.R.5    Chalmers, J.6
  • 309
    • 0032078571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salient features of synaptic organization in the cerebral cortex
    • Somogyi P., Tamas G., Lujan R., and Buhl E.H. Salient features of synaptic organization in the cerebral cortex. Brain Res Rev 26 (1998) 113-135
    • (1998) Brain Res Rev , vol.26 , pp. 113-135
    • Somogyi, P.1    Tamas, G.2    Lujan, R.3    Buhl, E.H.4
  • 311
    • 0016900496 scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of cortical excitation of striatal neurons by glutamic acid diethyl ester: evidence for glutamic acid as an excitatory transmitter in the rat striatum
    • Spencer H.J. Antagonism of cortical excitation of striatal neurons by glutamic acid diethyl ester: evidence for glutamic acid as an excitatory transmitter in the rat striatum. Brain Res 102 (1976) 91-101
    • (1976) Brain Res , vol.102 , pp. 91-101
    • Spencer, H.J.1
  • 312
    • 0007788913 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of putative glutamatergic neurons
    • Avoli M., Reader T.A., Dykes R.W., and Gloor P. (Eds), Plenum, New York
    • Storm-Mathisen J., and Ottersen O.P. Anatomy of putative glutamatergic neurons. In: Avoli M., Reader T.A., Dykes R.W., and Gloor P. (Eds). Neurotransmitters and Cortical Function (1988), Plenum, New York 39-70
    • (1988) Neurotransmitters and Cortical Function , pp. 39-70
    • Storm-Mathisen, J.1    Ottersen, O.P.2
  • 315
    • 0018824712 scopus 로고
    • Selective retrograde labeling indicating the transmitter of neuronal pathways
    • Streit P. Selective retrograde labeling indicating the transmitter of neuronal pathways. J. Comp Neurol 191 (1980) 429-463
    • (1980) J. Comp Neurol , vol.191 , pp. 429-463
    • Streit, P.1
  • 317
    • 0030746935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of glutamate immunoreactivity in vagal sensory afferents in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat
    • Sykes R.M., Spyer K.M., and Izzo P.N. Demonstration of glutamate immunoreactivity in vagal sensory afferents in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. Brain Res 762 (1997) 1-11
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.762 , pp. 1-11
    • Sykes, R.M.1    Spyer, K.M.2    Izzo, P.N.3
  • 318
    • 0029950359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postsynaptic glutamate uptake in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells
    • Takahashi M., Sarantis M., and Attwell D. Postsynaptic glutamate uptake in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. J Physiol 497 (1996) 523-530
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.497 , pp. 523-530
    • Takahashi, M.1    Sarantis, M.2    Attwell, D.3
  • 320
    • 0025958468 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes: new biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence
    • Tansey F.A., Farooq M., and Cammer W. Glutamine synthetase in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes: new biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence. J Neurochem 56 (1991) 266-272
    • (1991) J Neurochem , vol.56 , pp. 266-272
    • Tansey, F.A.1    Farooq, M.2    Cammer, W.3
  • 322
    • 0027376797 scopus 로고
    • The localization of classical transmitters and neuropeptides within neurons in laminae I-III of the mammalian spinal dorsal horn
    • Todd A.J., and Spike R.C. The localization of classical transmitters and neuropeptides within neurons in laminae I-III of the mammalian spinal dorsal horn. Prog Neurobiol 41 (1993) 609-645
    • (1993) Prog Neurobiol , vol.41 , pp. 609-645
    • Todd, A.J.1    Spike, R.C.2
  • 323
    • 0028158178 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical evidence that neurotensin is present in glutamatergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat
    • Todd A.J., Spike R.C., Price R.F., and Neilson M. Immunocytochemical evidence that neurotensin is present in glutamatergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat. J Neurosci 14 (1994) 774-784
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 774-784
    • Todd, A.J.1    Spike, R.C.2    Price, R.F.3    Neilson, M.4
  • 324
    • 0021042453 scopus 로고
    • Release of endogeneous and accumulated amino acids from slices of normal and climbing fiber-deprived rat cerebellar slices
    • Toggenburger G., Wiklund L., Henke H., and Cuénod M. Release of endogeneous and accumulated amino acids from slices of normal and climbing fiber-deprived rat cerebellar slices. J Neurochem 41 (1983) 1606-1613
    • (1983) J Neurochem , vol.41 , pp. 1606-1613
    • Toggenburger, G.1    Wiklund, L.2    Henke, H.3    Cuénod, M.4
  • 325
    • 0342313498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate immunoreactivity of insular cortex afferents to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the rat: a quantitative electron microscopic study
    • Torrealba F., and Müller C. Glutamate immunoreactivity of insular cortex afferents to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the rat: a quantitative electron microscopic study. Neuroscience 71 (1996) 77-87
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.71 , pp. 77-87
    • Torrealba, F.1    Müller, C.2
  • 326
    • 0345188761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of glutamate and GABA immunoreactive axon terminals of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius, with a note on infralimbic cortex afferents
    • Torrealba F., and Müller C. Ultrastructure of glutamate and GABA immunoreactive axon terminals of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius, with a note on infralimbic cortex afferents. Brain Res 820 (1999) 20-30
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.820 , pp. 20-30
    • Torrealba, F.1    Müller, C.2
  • 327
    • 0000340743 scopus 로고
    • Ascending and descending pathways to the spinal cord
    • Paxinos G. (Ed), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Tracey D.J. Ascending and descending pathways to the spinal cord. In: Paxinos G. (Ed). The Rat Nervous System. 2nd ed (1995), Academic Press, San Diego 67-80
    • (1995) The Rat Nervous System. 2nd ed , pp. 67-80
    • Tracey, D.J.1
  • 328
    • 0029927343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic coupling between glia and neurons
    • Tsacopoulos M., and Magistretti P.J. Metabolic coupling between glia and neurons. J Neurosci 16 (1996) 877-885
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 877-885
    • Tsacopoulos, M.1    Magistretti, P.J.2
  • 329
    • 0025131258 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acid transmitters and their receptors in neural circuits of the cerebral cortex
    • Tsumoto T. Excitatory amino acid transmitters and their receptors in neural circuits of the cerebral cortex. Neurosci Res 9 (1990) 79-102
    • (1990) Neurosci Res , vol.9 , pp. 79-102
    • Tsumoto, T.1
  • 331
    • 0027533641 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid immunoreactivity in corticospinal terminals
    • Valtschanoff J.G., Weinberg R.J., and Rustioni A. Amino acid immunoreactivity in corticospinal terminals. Exp Brain Res 93 (1993) 95-103
    • (1993) Exp Brain Res , vol.93 , pp. 95-103
    • Valtschanoff, J.G.1    Weinberg, R.J.2    Rustioni, A.3
  • 333
    • 0015071185 scopus 로고
    • A simulation study of brain compartments. Metabolism of glutamate and related substances in mouse brain
    • Van den Berg C.J., and Garfinkel D. A simulation study of brain compartments. Metabolism of glutamate and related substances in mouse brain. Biochem J 123 (1971) 211-218
    • (1971) Biochem J , vol.123 , pp. 211-218
    • Van den Berg, C.J.1    Garfinkel, D.2
  • 334
    • 0014027461 scopus 로고
    • On the contribution of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the synthesis of glutamate, glutamine and aspartate in brain
    • Van den Berg C.J., Mela P., and Waelsch H. On the contribution of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the synthesis of glutamate, glutamine and aspartate in brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 23 (1966) 479-484
    • (1966) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.23 , pp. 479-484
    • Van den Berg, C.J.1    Mela, P.2    Waelsch, H.3
  • 336
    • 0025991030 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and aspartate immunoreactivity in hypothalamic presynaptic axons
    • Van den Pol A.N. Glutamate and aspartate immunoreactivity in hypothalamic presynaptic axons. J Neurosci 11 (1991) 2087-2101
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 2087-2101
    • Van den Pol, A.N.1
  • 337
    • 0027158372 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate neurons in hypothalamus regulate excitatory transmission
    • Van den Pol A.N., and Trombley P.Q. Glutamate neurons in hypothalamus regulate excitatory transmission. J Neurosci 13 (1993) 2829-2836
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 2829-2836
    • Van den Pol, A.N.1    Trombley, P.Q.2
  • 338
    • 0018925988 scopus 로고
    • Single subthalamic nucleus neurons project to both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra in rat
    • Van der Kooy D., and Hattori T. Single subthalamic nucleus neurons project to both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra in rat. J Comp Neurol 192 (1980) 751-768
    • (1980) J Comp Neurol , vol.192 , pp. 751-768
    • Van der Kooy, D.1    Hattori, T.2
  • 339
    • 0031194781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On cone bipolar cells in rat express the metabotropic receptor mGluR6
    • Vardi N., and Morigiwa K. On cone bipolar cells in rat express the metabotropic receptor mGluR6. Vis Neurosci 14 (1997) 789-794
    • (1997) Vis Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 789-794
    • Vardi, N.1    Morigiwa, K.2
  • 340
    • 0031782834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial malic enzyme: purification from bovine brain, generation of an antiserum, and immunocytochemical localization in neurons of rat brain
    • Vogel R., Jennemann G., Seitz J., Wiesinger H., and Hamprecht B. Mitochondrial malic enzyme: purification from bovine brain, generation of an antiserum, and immunocytochemical localization in neurons of rat brain. J Neurochem 71 (1998) 844-852
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.71 , pp. 844-852
    • Vogel, R.1    Jennemann, G.2    Seitz, J.3    Wiesinger, H.4    Hamprecht, B.5
  • 341
    • 0025238894 scopus 로고
    • Effect of climbing fiber deprivation on release of endogenous aspartate, glutamate, and homocysteate in slices of rat cerebellar hemispheres and vermis
    • Vollenweider F.X., Cuénod M., and Do K.Q. Effect of climbing fiber deprivation on release of endogenous aspartate, glutamate, and homocysteate in slices of rat cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. J Neurochem 54 (1990) 1533-1540
    • (1990) J Neurochem , vol.54 , pp. 1533-1540
    • Vollenweider, F.X.1    Cuénod, M.2    Do, K.Q.3
  • 343
    • 0023547355 scopus 로고
    • Co-release of acetylcholine, glutamate and taurine from synaptosomes of Torpedo electric organ
    • Vyas S., and Bradford H.F. Co-release of acetylcholine, glutamate and taurine from synaptosomes of Torpedo electric organ. Neurosci Lett 82 (1987) 58-64
    • (1987) Neurosci Lett , vol.82 , pp. 58-64
    • Vyas, S.1    Bradford, H.F.2
  • 345
    • 0027136650 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of glutamate-like immunoreactivity at rat neuromuscular junctions by quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry
    • Waerhaug O., and Ottersen O.P. Demonstration of glutamate-like immunoreactivity at rat neuromuscular junctions by quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Anat Embryol (Berl) 188 (1993) 501-513
    • (1993) Anat Embryol (Berl) , vol.188 , pp. 501-513
    • Waerhaug, O.1    Ottersen, O.P.2
  • 346
    • 0018969025 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical evidence for glutamate as a transmitter in hippocampal efferents to the basal forebrain and hypothalamus in rat brain
    • Walaas I., and Fonnum F. Biochemical evidence for glutamate as a transmitter in hippocampal efferents to the basal forebrain and hypothalamus in rat brain. Neuroscience 5 (1980) 1691-1698
    • (1980) Neuroscience , vol.5 , pp. 1691-1698
    • Walaas, I.1    Fonnum, F.2
  • 347
    • 0026685092 scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive amino acids in the area postrema. An immunocytochemical investigation in rat with some observations in cat and monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
    • Walberg F., and Ottersen O.P. Neuroactive amino acids in the area postrema. An immunocytochemical investigation in rat with some observations in cat and monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Anat Embryol 185 (1992) 529-545
    • (1992) Anat Embryol , vol.185 , pp. 529-545
    • Walberg, F.1    Ottersen, O.P.2
  • 348
    • 0023145242 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactive structures in primary sensory neurons in the rat detected by a specific antiserum against glutamate
    • Wanaka A., Shiotani Y., Kiyama H., Matsuyama T., Kamada T., Shiosaka S., and Tohyama M. Glutamate-like immunoreactive structures in primary sensory neurons in the rat detected by a specific antiserum against glutamate. Exp Brain Res 65 (1987) 691-694
    • (1987) Exp Brain Res , vol.65 , pp. 691-694
    • Wanaka, A.1    Shiotani, Y.2    Kiyama, H.3    Matsuyama, T.4    Kamada, T.5    Shiosaka, S.6    Tohyama, M.7
  • 349
    • 0020685017 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine and glucose as precursors of transmitter amino acids: ex vivo studies
    • Ward H.W., Thanki C.M., and Bradford H.F. Glutamine and glucose as precursors of transmitter amino acids: ex vivo studies. J Neurochem 40 (1983) 855-860
    • (1983) J Neurochem , vol.40 , pp. 855-860
    • Ward, H.W.1    Thanki, C.M.2    Bradford, H.F.3
  • 350
    • 4244142618 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-five years of excitatory amino acid research. The end of the beginning?
    • Roberts P.J., Storm-Mathisen J., and Bradford H.F. (Eds), Macmillan, London
    • Watkins J.C. Twenty-five years of excitatory amino acid research. The end of the beginning?. In: Roberts P.J., Storm-Mathisen J., and Bradford H.F. (Eds). Excitatory Amino Acids (1986), Macmillan, London 1-39
    • (1986) Excitatory Amino Acids , pp. 1-39
    • Watkins, J.C.1
  • 351
    • 0027272723 scopus 로고
    • Uptake, release, and metabolism of alanine in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures
    • Westergaard N., Varming T., Peng L., Sonnewald U., Hertz L., and Schousboe A. Uptake, release, and metabolism of alanine in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures. J Neurosci Res 35 (1993) 540-545
    • (1993) J Neurosci Res , vol.35 , pp. 540-545
    • Westergaard, N.1    Varming, T.2    Peng, L.3    Sonnewald, U.4    Hertz, L.5    Schousboe, A.6
  • 352
    • 0026761392 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-immunoreactive terminals synapse on primate spinothalamic tract cells
    • Westlund K.N., Carlton S.M., Zhang D., and Willis W.D. Glutamate-immunoreactive terminals synapse on primate spinothalamic tract cells. J Comp Neurol 322 (1992) 519-527
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.322 , pp. 519-527
    • Westlund, K.N.1    Carlton, S.M.2    Zhang, D.3    Willis, W.D.4
  • 353
    • 0029144770 scopus 로고
    • Coupled glucose transport and metabolism in cultured neuronal cells: determination of the rate-limiting step
    • Whitesell R.R., Ward M., McCall A.L., Granner D.K., and May J.M. Coupled glucose transport and metabolism in cultured neuronal cells: determination of the rate-limiting step. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 15 (1995) 814-826
    • (1995) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.15 , pp. 814-826
    • Whitesell, R.R.1    Ward, M.2    McCall, A.L.3    Granner, D.K.4    May, J.M.5
  • 356
    • 0022500942 scopus 로고
    • Postsynaptic potentials evoked in spiny neostriatal projection neurons by stimulation of ipsilateral and contralateral neocortex
    • Wilson C.J. Postsynaptic potentials evoked in spiny neostriatal projection neurons by stimulation of ipsilateral and contralateral neocortex. Brain Res 367 (1986) 201-213
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.367 , pp. 201-213
    • Wilson, C.J.1
  • 357
    • 0027471024 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake system in the presynaptic vesicle: glutamic acid analogs as inhibitors and alternate substrates
    • Winter H.C., and Ueda T. Glutamate uptake system in the presynaptic vesicle: glutamic acid analogs as inhibitors and alternate substrates. Neurochem Res 18 (1993) 79-85
    • (1993) Neurochem Res , vol.18 , pp. 79-85
    • Winter, H.C.1    Ueda, T.2
  • 358
    • 0030942426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural subtypes of glutamate-immunoreactive terminals on rat trigeminal motoneurons and their relationships with GABa-immunoreactive terminals
    • Yang H.-W., Appenteng K., and Batten T.F.C. Ultrastructural subtypes of glutamate-immunoreactive terminals on rat trigeminal motoneurons and their relationships with GABa-immunoreactive terminals. Exp Brain Res 114 (1997) 99-116
    • (1997) Exp Brain Res , vol.114 , pp. 99-116
    • Yang, H.-W.1    Appenteng, K.2    Batten, T.F.C.3
  • 359
    • 0023217853 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical visualization of glutamate- and aspartate-containing nerve terminal pools in the rat limbic structures
    • Yoshida M., Teramura M., Sakai M., Karasawa N., Nagatsu T., and Nagatsu I. Immunohistochemical visualization of glutamate- and aspartate-containing nerve terminal pools in the rat limbic structures. Brain Res 410 (1987) 169-173
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.410 , pp. 169-173
    • Yoshida, M.1    Teramura, M.2    Sakai, M.3    Karasawa, N.4    Nagatsu, T.5    Nagatsu, I.6
  • 360
    • 0016212730 scopus 로고
    • Glutamic acid: selective depletion by viral induced granule cell loss in hamster cerebellum
    • Young A.B., Oster-Granite M.L., Herndon R.M., and Snyder S.H. Glutamic acid: selective depletion by viral induced granule cell loss in hamster cerebellum. Brain Res 73 (1974) 1-13
    • (1974) Brain Res , vol.73 , pp. 1-13
    • Young, A.B.1    Oster-Granite, M.L.2    Herndon, R.M.3    Snyder, S.H.4
  • 361
    • 0021037707 scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate carboxylase activity in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons
    • Yu A., Drejer J., Hertz L., and Schousboe A. Pyruvate carboxylase activity in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons. J Neurochem 41 (1983) 1484-1487
    • (1983) J Neurochem , vol.41 , pp. 1484-1487
    • Yu, A.1    Drejer, J.2    Hertz, L.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 362
    • 0031239010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolism of branched-chain amino acids
    • Yudkoff M. Brain metabolism of branched-chain amino acids. Glia 21 (1997) 92-98
    • (1997) Glia , vol.21 , pp. 92-98
    • Yudkoff, M.1
  • 363
    • 0029833562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular distribution of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase isoenzymes in rat brain
    • Zeitschel U., Bigl M., Eschrich K., and Bigl V. Cellular distribution of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase isoenzymes in rat brain. J Neurochem 67 (1996) 2573-2580
    • (1996) J Neurochem , vol.67 , pp. 2573-2580
    • Zeitschel, U.1    Bigl, M.2    Eschrich, K.3    Bigl, V.4
  • 364
    • 0026696121 scopus 로고
    • Differential cellular distribution of two sulphur-containing amino acids in rat cerebellum. An immunocytochemical investigation using antisera to taurine and homocysteic acid
    • Zhang N., and Ottersen O.P. Differential cellular distribution of two sulphur-containing amino acids in rat cerebellum. An immunocytochemical investigation using antisera to taurine and homocysteic acid. Exp Brain Res 90 (1992) 11-20
    • (1992) Exp Brain Res , vol.90 , pp. 11-20
    • Zhang, N.1    Ottersen, O.P.2
  • 365
    • 0025085803 scopus 로고
    • Aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunore-activities in the inferior olive and climbing fibre system: a light microscopic and semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rat and baboon (Papio anubis)
    • Zhang N., Walberg F., Laake J.H., Meldrum B.S., and Ottersen O.P. Aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunore-activities in the inferior olive and climbing fibre system: a light microscopic and semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rat and baboon (Papio anubis). Neuroscience 38 (1990) 61-80
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.38 , pp. 61-80
    • Zhang, N.1    Walberg, F.2    Laake, J.H.3    Meldrum, B.S.4    Ottersen, O.P.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.