IQ in childhood and the metabolic syndrome in middle age: Extended follow-up of the 1946 British Birth Cohort Study

Intelligence

Volumn 37, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 567-572

  Richards, Marcus ^a   Black, Stephanie ^a   Mishra, Gita ^a   Gale, Catharine R ^b   Deary, Ian J ^c   Batty, David G ^c,d  

^a MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

1946 birth cohort; Childhood IO; Metabolic syndrome

Indexed keywords

EID: 70350196992     PISSN: 01602896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2008.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Arbuckle J.C. Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In: Marcoulides G.A., and Schumacker R.E. (Eds). Advanced Structural Equation Modeling Techniques (1996), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ 243-277
2. Batty G.D., Deary I.J., Schoon I., and Gale C.R. Childhood mental ability in relation to food intake and physical activity in adulthood: The 1970 British Cohort Study. Pediatrics 119 (2007) e38-e45
3. Batty G.D., Deary I.J., Schoon I., and Gale C.R. Mental ability across childhood in relation to risk factors for premature mortality in adult life: The 1970 British Cohort Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61 (2007) 997-1003
4. Batty G.D., Deary I.J., and MacIntyre S. Childhood IQ in relation to risk factors for premature mortality in middle-aged persons: The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61 (2007) 241-247
5. Batty G.D., Gale C.R., Chandola T., and Deary I.J. Quociente de Inteligência na Infância, Fatores de Risco e Doença Cardiovascular na Vida Adulta: Revisão Sistemática e Dados Recentes do Estudo de Coorte Inglês de 1958. In: Alves J.G., and Sampaio-Carneiro M. (Eds). Prevenção de Doenças do Adulto na Infância e na Adolescência. Medbook (2007) Rio de Janeiro
6. Batty G.D., Gale C.R., Mortensen L.H., Langenberg C., Shipley M., and Deary I.J. Pre-morbid IQ, the metabolic syndrome and mortality: The Vietnam Experience Study. Diabetologia 51 (2008) 436-443
7. Batty G.D., Mortensen E.L., and Osler M. Childhood IQ in relation to later psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 187 (2005) 180-181
8. Bentler P.M. Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 107 (1990) 238-246
9. Chandola T., Deary I.J., Blane D., and Batty G.D. Childhood IQ in relation to obesity and weight gain in adult life: The National Child Development (1958) Study. International Journal of Obesity (London) 30 (2006) 1422-1432
10. Deary I.J., Strand S., Smith P., and Fernandes C. Intelligence and educational achievement. Intelligence 35 (2007) 13-21
11. Deary I.J., Whalley L.J., Batty G.D., and Starr J.M. Physical fitness and lifetime cognitive change. Neurology 67 (2006) 1195-1200
12. Department of Education and Science. Burnham further education committee grading courses (1972), HMSO, London
13. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III). Journal of the American Medical Association 285 (2001) 2486-2497
14. Feinstein L., and Bynner J. The importance of cognitive development in middle childhood for adulthood socioeconomic status, mental health, and problem behaviour. Child Development 75 (2004) 1329-1339
15. Ford E.S., Giles W.H., and Dietz W.H. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Journal of the American Medical Association 287 (2002) 356-359
16. Hart C.L., Taylor M.D., Davey Smith G., Whalley L.J., Starr J.M., Hole D.J., et al. Childhood IQ and cardiovascular disease in adulthood: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies. Social Science and Medicine 59 (2004) 2131-2138
17. Hatch S.L., Jones P.B., Kuh D., Hardy R., Wadsworth M.E.J., and Richards M. Childhood cognitive ability and adult mental health in the British 1946 birth cohort. Social Science and Medicine 64 (2007) 2285-2296
18. Johnson W., Bouchard Jr. T.J., Krueger R.F., McGue M., and Gottesman I.I. Just one g: consistent results from three test batteries. Intelligence 32 (2004) 95-107
19. Johnson W., Nijenhuis J., and Bouchard Jr. T.J. Still just one g: Consistent results from five test batteries. Intelligence 36 (2008) 81-95
20. Kuh D.L., Head J., Hardy R., and Wadsworth M.E.J. The influence of education and family background on women's earnings in midlife: Evidence from a British birth cohort study. British Journal of Sociology of Education 18 (1997) 385-405
21. Kuh D.L., and Wadsworth M.E.J. Childhood influences on adult male earnings in a longitudinal study. British Journal of Sociology 42 (1991) 537-555
22. Langenberg C., Kuh D., Wadsworth M.E.J., Brunner E., and Hardy R. Social circumstances and education: Life course origins of social inequalities in metabolic risk in a prospective national birth cohort. American Journal of Public Health 96 (2006) 2216-2221
23. Lawlor D.A., Clark H., Davey Smith G., and Leon D.A. Childhood intelligence, educational attainment and adult body mass index: Findings from a prospective cohort and within sibling-pairs analysis. International Journal of Obesity 30 (2006) 1758-1765
24. Lindgarde F., Furu M., and Ljung B.O.A. Longitudinal study on the significance of environmental and individual factors associated with the development of essential hypertension. Journal of Epidemioogy and Community Health 41 (1987) 220-226
25. Link B.G., Phelan J.C., Miech R., and Westin E.L. The resources that matter: Fundamental social causes of health disparities and the challenge of intelligence. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 49 (2008) 72-91
26. MacLullich A.M., Deary I.J., Starr J.M., Walker B.R., and Seckl J.R. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels in healthy elderly nondiabetic men are negatively associated with verbal memory. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 52 (2004) 848-849
27. Mirowsky J., and Ross C.E. Education, Social Status, and Health (2003), Aldine de Gruyter, New York
28. Muthén L.K., and Muthén B.O. Mplus. Statistical analysis with latent variables. User's guide (2004), Muthén and Muthén, Los Angeles, CA
29. Neisser U., Boodoo G., Bouchard T.J., Boykin A.W., Brody N., Ceci S.J., et al. Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist 51 (1996) 77-101
30. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Classification of occupations (1970), HMSO, London
31. Olsson G.M., Hulting A.L., and Montgomery S.M. Cognitive function in children and subsequent type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 31 (2008) 14-516
32. Pearlin L.I. The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30 (1989) 241-256
33. Pigeon D.A. Tests used in the 1954 and 1957 surveys. In: Douglas J.W.B. (Ed). The home and the school (appendix 1). (1964), Macgibbon & Kee, London
34. Richards M. Cognition: A contributory but not fundamental cause of health inequalities. ISSID 07 Giessen. In: Henning J., Reuter M., and Netter P. (Eds). Abstracts of the 13th biennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences (ISSID) (2007), Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Gottingen
35. Richards M., and Deary I.J. A life course approach to cognitive reserve: A model for cognitive ageing and development?. Annals of Neurology 58 (2005) 617-622
36. Richards M., Kuh D., Hardy R., and Wadsworth M. Lifetime cognitive function and timing of the natural menopause. Neurology 52 (1999) 308-314
37. Richards M., and Sacker A. Life course antecedents of cognitive reserve. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 25 (2003) 614-624
38. Richards M., Strachan D., Hardy R., Kuh D., and Wadsworth M.E.J. Cognitive ability and lung function in a longitudinal birth cohort study. Psychosomatic Medicine 67 (2005) 602-608
39. Schmand B., Smit J.H., Geerlings M.I., and Lindeboom J. The effects of intelligence and education on the development of dementia. A test of the brain reserve hypothesis. Psychological Medicine 27 (1997) 1337-1344
40. Snowdon D.A., Kemper S.J., Mortimer J.A., Greiner L.H., Wekstein D.R., and Markesbery W.R. Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in late life: Findings from the Nun Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 275 (1996) 528-532
41. Sorensen T.I., Sonne-Holm S., and Christensen U. Cognitive deficiency in obesity independent of social origin. Lancet 1 8333 (1983) 1105-1106
42. Starr J.M., Taylor M.D., Hart C.L., Davey Smith G., Whalley L.J., Hole D.J., et al. Childhood mental ability and blood pressure at midlife: Linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies. Journal of Hypertension 22 (2004) 893-897
43. Steiger J.H. Structural model evaluation and modification: An internal estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioural Research 25 (1990) 173-180
44. Teasdale T.W., Sorensen T.I., and Stunkard A.J. Intelligence and educational level in relation to body mass index of adult males. Human Biology 64 (1992) 99-106
45. van Os J., Jones P.B., Lewis G., Wadsworth M.E.J., and Murray R. Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort study. Archives of General Psychiatry 54 (1997) 625-631
46. Wadsworth M.E.J., Kuh D., Richards M., and Hardy R. Cohort profile: The 1946 national birth cohort (MRC National Survey of Health and Development). International Journal of Epidemiology 35 (2006) 49-54
47. Whalley L.J., and Deary I.J. Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76. British Medical Journal 322 (2001) 1-5
48. Whalley L.J., Starr J.M., Athawes R., Hunter D., Pattie A., and Deary I.J. Childhood mental ability and dementia. Neurology 55 (2000) 1455-1459