Broad Categories for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders (BCD-ED): An alternative system for classification

International Journal of Eating Disorders

Volumn 42, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 754-764

  Walsh, B Timothy ^a,b   Sysko, Robyn ^a,b  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Diagnostic; DSM

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EATING DISORDER; HUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT;

BODY IMAGE; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; EATING DISORDERS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; PERSONALITY INVENTORY;

EID: 70350159029     PISSN: 02763478     EISSN: 1098108X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/eat.20722     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1980.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed, Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed, Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
4. Wilson GT, Walsh BT. Eating disorders in the DSM-IV. J Abnorm Psychol 1991;100:362-365.
5. Ricca V, Mannucci E, Mezzani B, Di Bernardo M, Zucchi T, Paionni A, et al. Psychopathological and clinical features of outpatients with an eating disorder not otherwise specified. Eat Weight Disord 2001;6:157-165.
6. Turner H, Bryant Waugh R. Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS): Profiles of clients presenting at a community eating disorder service. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2004;12:18-26.
7. Fairburn CG, Bohn K. Eating disorder NOS (EDNOS): An example of the troublesome "not otherwise specified" (NOS) category in DSM-IV. Behav Res Ther 2005;43:691-701.
8. Rockert W, Kaplan AS, Olmsted MP. Eating disorder not otherwise specified: The view from a tertiary care treatment center. Int J Eat Disord 2007;40:S99-S103.
9. Dalle Grave R, Calugi S. Eating disorder not otherwise specified in an inpatient unit: The impact of altering the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2007;15:340-349.
10. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Bohn K, O'Connor ME, Doll HA, Palmer RL. The severity and status of eating disorder NOS: Implications for DSM-V. Behav Res Ther 2007;45:1705-1715.
11. Mitchell JE, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Hill L, le Grange D, Powers P, et al. Latent profile analysis of a cohort of patients with eating disorders not otherwise specified. Int J Eat Disord 2007;40:S95-S98.
12. Watson TL, Andersen AE. A critical examination of the amenorrhea and weight criteria for diagnosing anorexia nervosa. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003;108:175-182.
13. Fairburn CG. Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 2008.
14. Fairburn CG, Walsh BT. Atypical eating disorders. In: Brownell KD, Fairburn CG, editors. Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook. New York: Guilford Press, 1995, pp 135-140.
15. Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Kendler KS. An empirical study of the classification of eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:886-895.
16. Clinton D, Button E, Norring C, Palmer B. Clarifying the nature of EDNOS: cluster analysis, diagnosis and comorbidity. In: Norring C, Palmer B, editors. EDNOS: Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: Scientific and Clinical Perspectives on the Other Eating Disorders. New York: Routledge, 2005, pp 131-160.
17. Williamson DA, Gleaves DH, Stewart TM. Categorical versus dimensional models of eating disorders: An examination of the evidence. Int J Eat Disord 2005;37:1-10.
18. Crow SJ, Stewart Agras W, Halmi K, Mitchell JE, Kraemer HC. Full syndromal versus subthreshold anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder: A multicenter study. Int J Eat Disord 2002;32:309-318.
19. Williamson DA, Gleaves DH, Savin SS. Empirical classification of eating disorder not otherwise specified: Support for DSM-IV changes. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 1992;14:201-216.
20. Hay PJ, Fairburn CG, Doll HA. The classification of bulimic eating disorders: A community-based cluster analysis study. Psychol Med 1996;26:801-812.
21. Hay P, Fairburn C. The validity of the DSM-IV scheme for classifying bulimic eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 1998;23:7-15.
22. Mizes JS, Sloan DM. An empirical analysis of eating disorder, not otherwise specified: Preliminary support for a distinct subgroup. Int J Eat Disord 1998;23:233-242.
23. Andersen AE, Bowers WA, Watson T. A slimming program for eating disorders not otherwise specified. Reconceptualizing a confusing, residual diagnostic category. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2001;24:271-280.
24. Thaw JM, Williamson DA, Martin CK. Impact of altering DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa on the base rates of eating disorder diagnoses. Eat Weight Disord 2001;6:121-129.
25. Williamson DA, Womble LG, Smeets MAM, Netemeyer RG, Thaw JM, Kutlesic V, et al. Latent structure of eating disorder symptoms: A factor analytic and taxometric investigation. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:412-418.
26. Keel PK, Fichter M, Quadflieg N, Bulik CM, Baxter MG, Thornton L, et al. Application of a latent class analysis to empirically define eating disorder phenotypes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:192-200.
27. Keel PK. Purging disorder: Subthreshold variant or full-threshold eating disorder? Int J Eat Disord 2007;40:S89-S94.
28. Eddy KT, Celio Doyle A, Hoste RR, Herzog DB, le Grange D. Eating disorder not otherwise specified in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008;47:156-164.
29. Zimmerman M, Francione-Witt C, Chelminski I, Young D, Tortolani C. Problems applying the DSM-IV eating disorders diagnostic criteria in a general psychiatric outpatient practice. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:381-384.
30. Eddy KT, Crosby RD, Keel PK, Wonderlich SA, le Grange D, Hill L, et al. Empirical identification and validation of eating disorder phenotypes in a multi-site clinical sample. J Nerv Ment Dis 2009;197:41-49.
31. Hoek HH. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006;19:389-394.
32. Mitchell JE, Crow S. Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006;19:438-443.
33. Steinhausen HC. The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1284-1293.
34. Pike KM. Long-term course of anorexia nervosa: Response, relapse, remission, and recovery. Clin Psychol Rev 1998;18:447-475.
35. Walsh BT, Kaplan AS, Attia E, Olmsted M, Parides M, Carter JC, et al. Fluoxetine after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006;295:2605-2612.
36. Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, Kessler RC. The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry 2007;61:348-358.
37. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Doll HA, Norman P, O'Connor M. The natural course of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder in young women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:659-665.
38. Fichter MM, Quadfleig N, Hedlund S. Long-term course of binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa: Relevance for nosology and diagnostic criteria. Int J Eat Disord 2008;41:577-586.
39. Duncan AE, Bucholz KK, Neuman RJ, Agrawal A, Madden PA, Heath AC. Clustering of eating disorder symptoms in a general population female twin sample: A latent class analysis. Psychol Med 2007;37:1097-1107.
40. Ackard DM, Fulkerson JA, Neumark-Sztainer D. Prevalence and utility of DSM-IV eating disorder diagnostic criteria among youth. Int J Eat Disord 2007;40:409-417.
41. Bohn K, Fairburn CG. Clinical impairment assessment questionnaire (CIA 3.0). In: Fairburn CG, editor. Cognitive Behavior Ther apy and Eating Disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 2008,pp 315-317.
42. Bohn K, Doll HA, Cooper Z, O'Connor M, Palmer RL, Fairburn CG. The measurement of impairment due to eating disorder psychopathology. Behav Res Ther 2008;46:1105-1110.
43. Keel P, Crosby R, Holm-Denoma J, Haedt A, Gravener J, Joiner T Jr.Latent structure of bulimic syndromes. Paper presented at the NIMH Conference, Eating Disorders: Classification and Diagnosis, September 15-16, 2008, Arlington, VA.
44. Wade TD, Crosby R, Martin NG. Use of latent profile analysis to identify eating disorder phenotypes in an adult Australian twin cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:1377-1384.
45. Dalle Grave R, Calugi S, Marchesini G. Underweight eating disorder without over-evaluation of shape and weight: Atypical anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord 2008;41:705-712.
46. Wilson GT, Sysko R. Frequency of binge eating episodes in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: Diagnostic considerations. Int J Eat Disord (in press).
47. Mond JM, Rodgers B, Hay PJ, Darby A, Owen C, Baune BT, et al. Obesity and impairment in psychosocial functioning in women: The mediating role of eating disorder features. Obesity 2007;15:2769-2779.
48. Grilo CM. Overvaluation of shape and weight in binge eating disorder: refinement of a diagnostic construct. Paper presented at the NIMH Conference, Eating Disorders: Classification and Diagnosis, September 15-16, 2008, Arlington, VA.