Do corticosteroids reduce the risk of fat embolism syndrome in patients with long-bone fractures? A meta-analysis

Canadian Journal of Surgery

Volumn 52, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 386-393

  Bederman, S Samuel ^a,b   Bhandari, Mohit ^c   McKee, Michael D ^d   Schemitsch, Emil H ^d,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE   (Canada)

^d ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID;

ARTICLE; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FAT EMBOLISM; FEMALE; FRACTURE; FRACTURE HEALING; HUMAN; MALE; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; OSTEOSYNTHESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL; SYNDROME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; EMBOLISM, FAT; FEMALE; FRACTURE FIXATION, INTERNAL; FRACTURE HEALING; FRACTURES, BONE; HUMANS; MALE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; SYNDROME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 70350077010     PISSN: 0008428X     EISSN: 14882310     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Chan KM, Tham KT, Chiu HS, et al. Posttraumatic fat embolism: its clinical and subclinical presentations. J Trauma 1984;24:45-49.
2. Riseborough EJ, Herndon JH. Alterations in pulmonary function, coagulation and fat metabolism in patients with fractures of the lower limbs. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976;115:248-267.
3. Bulger EM, Smith DG, Maier RV, et al. Fat embolism syndrome. A 10-year review. Arch Surg 1997;132:435-439.
4. Fabian TC, Hoots AV, Stanford DS, et al. Fat embolism syndrome: prospective evaluation in 92 fracture patients. Crit Care Med 1990;18: 42-46.
5. Levy D. The fat embolism syndrome. A review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;261:281-286.
6. Christie J, Robinson CM, Pell AC, et al. Transcardiac echocardiog-raphy during invasive intramedullary procedures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995;77:450-455.
7. Wenda K, Henrichs KJ, Biegler M, et al. Recording of bone-marrow embolism during intramedullary nailing of the femur by trans-oesophageal echocardiography. Unfallchirurgie 1989;15:73-76
8. Takahashi Y, Narusawa K, Shimizu K, et al. Fatal pulmonary fat embolism after posterior spinal fusion surgery. J Orthop Sci 2006; 11:217-220.
9. Godeau B, Schaeffer A, Bachir D, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in adult sickle cell patients with acute chest syndrome: value for diagnostic assessment of fat embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:1691-1696.
10. Laub DR Jr, Laub DR. Fat embolism syndrome after liposuction: a case report and review of the literature. Ann Plast Surg 1990;25:48-52.
11. Schulz F, Trubner K, Hildebrand E. Fatal fat embolism in acute hepatic necrosis with associated fatty liver. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1996;17:264-268.
12. Schulz F, Puschel K. An unusual form of a pulmonary fat embolism in fulminant viral hepatitis. Pathologe 1996;17:154-156.
13. Styles LA, Schalkwijk CG, Aarsman AJ, et al. Phospholipase A2 levels in acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease. Blood 1996;87:2573-2578.
14. van Hoeven KH, Wanner JL, Ballas SK. Cytologic diagnosis of fat emboli in peripheral blood during sickle cell infarctive crisis. Diagn Cytopathol 1997;17:54-56.
15. Robert JH, Hoffmeyer P, Broquet PE, et al. Fat embolism syndrome. Orthop Rev 1993;22:567-571.
16. Gurd AR, Wilson RI. The fat embolism syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1974;56:408-416.
17. Schonfeld SA, Ploysongsang Y, DiLisio R, et al. Fat embolism prophylaxis with corticosteroids. A prospective study in high-risk patients. Ann Intern Med 1983;99:438-443.
18. Behrman SW, Fabian TC, Kudsk KA, et al. Improved outcome with femur fractures: early vs. delayed fixation. J Trauma 1990;30:792-797.
19. Bone LB, Johnson KD, Weigelt J, et al. Early versus delayed stabilization of femoral fractures. A prospective randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989;71:336-340.
20. Gossling HR, Pellegrini VD Jr. Fat embolism syndrome: a review of the pathophysiology and physiological basis of treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1982;68-82.
21. Pinney SJ, Keating JF, Meek RN. Fat embolism syndrome in isolated femoral fractures: Does timing of nailing influence incidence? Injury 1998;29:131-133.
22. Gardner AM, Harrison M. Report of the treatment of experimental fat embolism with heparin. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1957;39:538-541.
23. Sage R, Tudor R. Treatment of fat embolism with heparin. BMJ 1958;i:1160-1161.
24. Horne RH, Horne JH. Fat embolization prophylaxis. Use of hypertonic glucose. Arch Intern Med 1974;133:288-291.
25. Myers R, Taljaard JJ. Blood alcohol and fat embolism syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977;59:878-880.
26. Shier MR, Wilson RF, James RE, et al. Fat embolism prophylaxis: a study of four treatment modalities. J Trauma 1977;17:621-629.
27. Baker PL, Pazell JA, Peltier LF. Free fatty acids, catecholamines, and arterial hypoxia in patients with fat embolism. J Trauma 1971;11:1026-1030.
28. Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L, et al. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury - outcomes at 6 months. Lancet 2005;365:1957-1959.
29. Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB, et al. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1671-1684.
30. Coleman WP, Benzel D, Cahill DW, et al. A critical appraisal of the reporting of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (II and III) of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury. J Spinal Disord 2000;13:185-199.
31. Meduri GU, Golden E, Freire AX, et al. Methylprednisolone infusion in early severe ARDS. Results of a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2007;131:954-963.
32. Heckman JD, Bucholz RW. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. 5th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
33. Canale ST, Campbell WC. Campbell's operative orthopaedics. 10th ed. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; 2003.
34. Browner BD. Skeletal trauma: basic science, management, and reconstruction. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Saunders; 2003.
35. Detsky AS, Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, et al. Incorporating variations in the quality of individual randomized trials into meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:255-265.
36. Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF, et al. Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck: a meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A:1673-1681.
37. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159-174.
38. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986;7:177-188.
39. Breslow NE, Day NE. Combination of results from a series of 2 × 2 tables; control of confounding. Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume I. The analysis of case-control studies. Lyon (FrancE): IARC Scientific Publications; 1980.
40. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a metaanalysis. Stat Med 2002;21:1539-1558.
41. Annane D. Glucocorticoids for ARDS. Just do it! Chest 2007;131:945-946.
42. Alho A, Saikku K, Eerola P, et al. Corticosteroids in patients with a high risk of fat embolism syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978;147:358-362.
43. Babalis GA, Yiannakopoulos CK, Karliaftis K, et al. Prevention of posttraumatic hypoxaemia in isolated lower limb long bone fractures with a minimal prophylactic dose of corticosteroids. Injury 2004;35:309-317.
44. Kallenbach J, Lewis M, Zaltzman M, et al. 'Low-dose' corticosteroid prophylaxis against fat embolism. J Trauma 1987;27:1173-1176.
45. Lindeque BG, Schoeman HS, Dommisse GF, et al. Fat embolism and the fat embolism syndrome. A double-blind therapeutic study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1987;69:128-131.
46. Stoltenberg JJ, Gustilo RB. The use of methylprednisolone and hypertonic glucose in the prophylaxis of fat embolism syndrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1979;143:211-221.
47. Rokkanen P, Alho A, Avikainen V, et al. The efficacy of cortico-steroids in severe trauma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974;138:69-73.
48. Lepisto P, Avikainen V, Alho A, et al. Fat embolism in severely injured patients. Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn 1975;64:198-202.
49. McKee MD, Waddell JP, Kudo PA, et al. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in men following short-course corticosteroid therapy: a report of 15 cases. Can Med Assoc J 2001;164:205-206.
50. Bernard GR, Luce JL, Sprung CL, et al. High-dose corticosteroids in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1565-1570.
51. Bone RC, Fischer CJ Jr, Clemmer TP, et al. Early methylpred-nisolone treatment for septic syndrome and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest 1987;92:1032-1036.
52. Luce JM, Montgomery AB, Marks JD, et al. Ineffectiveness of high-dose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improving mortality in patients with septic shock. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:62-68.
53. Weigelt JA, Norcross JF, Borman KR, et al. Early steroid therapy for respiratory failure. Arch Surg 1985;120:536-540.
54. Annane D, Sebille V, Bellissant E, et al. Effect of low doses of corticosteroids in septic shock patients with or without early acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2006;34:22-30.
55. Confalonieri M, Urbino R, Potena A, et al. Hydrocortisone infusion for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a preliminary randomized study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:242-248.
56. Meduri GU, Headley AS, Golden E, et al. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998;280:159-165.
57. Richards RR. Fat embolism syndrome. Can J Surg 1997;40:334-339.
58. Robinson CM. Current concepts of respiratory insufficiency syndromes after fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001;83:781-791.
59. Lew KH, Ludwig EA, Milad MA, et al. Gender-based effects on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;54:402-414.
60. Calfee CS, Matthay MA. Nonventilatory treatments for acute lung injury and ARDS. Chest 2007;131:913-920.
61. Ranieri VM, Suter PM, Tortorella C, et al. Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;282:54-61.
62. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1301-1308.
63. Husebye EE, Lyberg T, Madsen JE, et al. The influence of a one-step reamer-irrigator-aspirator technique on the intramedullary pressure in the pig femur. Injury 2006;37:935-40.
64. Pape HC, Zelle BA, Hildebrand F, et al. Reamed femoral nailing in sheep: does irrigation and aspiration of intramedullary contents alter the systemic response? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87:2515-2522.