The crowd in the Iranian Revolution

Radical History Review

Volumn , Issue 105, 2009, Pages 13-38

  Abrahamian, Ervand ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70350076141     PISSN: 01636545     EISSN: 15341453     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/01636545-2009-002     Document Type: Article

References (106)

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26. Revolutionary Tudeh Organization, Jaydanbad khaterat-e qiyam-e kunen-e Tabriz (Long Live the Memory of the Bloody Uprising of Tabriz) (Rome: Tudeh Revolutionary Organization, 1978), 1-40
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28. Times, May 11, 1978.
29. Paul Hofmann, "Behind Iranian Riots," New York Times, March 5, 1978.
30. "Tabriz on Fire," Payam-e mojahed, no. 53 (1978).
31. "Six Hundred and Fifty Arrested in Tabriz," Iran Times, March 3, 1978.
32. "The Yazd Massacre," Payam-e mojahed, no. 57 (1978).
33. Soroush Research Group, Taqvem-e tarekh-e enqelab-e islam-ye Iran (Calendar of the Islamic Revolution in Iran) (Tehran: Soroush Press, 1989), 108.
34. S. Nabavi, "Abadan, 19th August, Cinema Rex," Cheshmandaz no. 20 (1999): 105-27.
35. William Branigin, "Abadan Mood Turns Sharply against the Shah," Washington Post, August 26, 1978.
36. Anthony McDermott, "Peacock Throne under Pressure," Financial Times, September 12, 1978.
37. Huge Processions from Four Corners of Tehran," Kayhan, September 5, 1978.
38. E. Baqi, Tarekh-e shafah-ye enqelab (Oral History of the Revolution) (Tehran: National Library, 1982), 1-145.
39. M. Golabdarahi, Lahzah-ha (Snapshots) (Tehran: Kayhan Publishing, 1979), 1-347.
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42. The Shah's Land," Time, September 18, 1978.
43. William Sullivan, Mission to Iran (New York: Norton, 1981), 159-60.
44. M. Mokhtari, "Investigation into Slogans during the Uprising," Aghaz-e now, nos. 3-4 (1986-87): 40-52.
45. M. H. Panahi, Jami'ah shinasi-i shi arha-yi inqilab-i Islami-i Iran (An Introduction to the Islamic Revolution in Iran and its Slogans) (Tehran: Al-Hoda Publications, 2000).
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53. Harney, Priest and the King, 19, 25.
54. Harney, Priest and the King, 19, 76.
55. Divarha sukhan meguyand (The Walls Speak) (Tehran: Movement for Freedom Press, 1979).
56. Tony Allaway, "Shah's Foes Strike by Cutting Oil Exports," Christian Science Monitor, November 5, 1978.
57. Andrew Whitley, The Struggle to Retain His Grip, Financial Times, October 13, 1978.
58. Sullivan, Mission to Iran, 156.
59. Liz Thurgood, "Why the Shah Must 'Liberalise,' " Guardian, October 1, 1978.
60. Andrew Whitley, personal communication. At the time Whitley served as the main correspondent in Tehran of both the BBC and the Financial Times.
61. Society of Employees of the Central Bank, "Thievery Statistics," Khabarnameh, no. 56 (1979).
62. Harney, Priest and the King, 92-93.
63. William Branigin, "Shah and Family Have Amassed One of World's Biggest Fortunes," Washington Post, January 17, 1979.
64. Ann Crittenden, "Bankers Say Shah's Fortune Is Well above a Billion," New York Times, January 10, 1979.
65. Tony Allaway, Uprising in Tehran, Christian Science Monitor, November 6, 1978.
66. Harney, Priest and the King, 59, 63.
67. Anthony Parsons, The Pride and the Fall (London: Jonathan Cape, 1974), 93-126.
68. Golabdarahi, Lahzah-ha, 187.
69. Sullivan, Mission to Iran, 215.
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71. J. Morris, "Iran Demonstrators Openly Urge Death to the Shah," Los Angeles Times, December 12, 1978.
72. A. Whitley and S. Henderson, Million in Peaceful March against the Shah, Financial Times, December 11, 1978.
73. A. Qarabaghi, Haqayeq darbareh behran-e Iran (The Truth about the Iranian Crisis) (Paris: Sahil Publications, 1983), 87.
74. Harney Priest and the King, 116.
75. Morris, "Iran Demonstrators Openly Urge Death to the Shah."
76. "Resolution Passed at the 'Ashura Rally," Khabarnameh, no. 26 (1978).
77. William Branigin, "Bloody Isfahan: Rumor Gone Wild," Washington Post, December 13, 1978.
78. Golabdarahi, Lahzah-ha, 44.
79. Jonathan C. Randal, "In Iran, a Throng Votes No," Washington Post, December 12, 1978;
80. R. W. Apple, "Big Tehran Crowd Marches Peaceably," New York Times, December 11, 1978;
81. Apple, "Reading Iran's Next Chapter," New York Times, December 13, 1978.
82. Apple, "Big Tehran Crowd Marches Peaceably."
83. Apple, "Reading Iran's Next Chapter."
84. Tony Allaway, Iran Demonstrates, Christian Science Monitor, December 12, 1978.
85. Golabdarahi. Lahzah-ha, 178.
86. R. W. Apple, "A Million Marchers Rally," New York Times, January 18, 1979.
87. G. Godsell, Tehran's Joy- and Grim Resolve, Christian Science Monitor, January 22, 1979.
88. BBC, February 1, 1979.
89. R. W. Apple, "Khomeini Arrives in Tehran," New York Times, February 1, 1979.
90. J. Markham, "Joy Explodes in Tehran Streets," New York Times, February 2, 1979.
91. R. W. Apple, "Khomeini Threatens to Arrest Bakhtiar," New York Times, February 2, 1979.
92. Nicholas Gage, "Surge of Support for Islamic Rule," New York Times, February 8, 1979.
93. Nicholas Gage, "Over a Million March in Tehran," New York Times, February 9, 1979.
94. J. Markham, "Ayatollah Steps up Pressure," New York Times, February 4, 1979.
95. Y. Ibrahim, "Scores Dead in Iran," New York Times, February 11, 1979.
96. Qarabaghi, Truth about the Iranian Crisis, 55-65.
97. BBC, February 11, 1979.
98. Y. Ibrahim, "Jubilation, Anxiety, and Sadness Mix as Tehran Erupts in Frenzy," New York Times, February 12, 1979.
99. P. Balta and D. Pouchin, "La victoire de la revolution en Iran (The Victory of Revolution in Iran), Le monde, February 13, 1979.
100. A. Whitley, "Iran Slides towards Anarchy," Financial Times, February 13, 1979.
101. For such incidents, see M. Parsa, Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 229-37.
102. Ayatollah Lahuti, "The Iranian Revolution Was Nourished by the Blood of 67,311 Martyrs," Ettela'at, May 21, 1979.
103. A. Ashraf and A. Banuazizi, "The State, Classes, and Modes of Mobilization in the Iranian Revolution", State, Culture, and Society, 1 (1985): 3-40.
104. E. Baqi, Statistics on Those Sacrifices in the Revolution, Iran emruz, July 30, 2003.
105. C. Kadivar, Deaths in Revolutionary Iran, Ruzegar-e now, August 8, 2003.
106. Society for Islamic Charity, Lalehha-ye enqelab: Yadnameh-e shaheda (Tulips of Revolution: Memorial for the Martyrs) (Tehran: Society of Islamic Charity Publication, 1979), 1-830. The statistics that follow do not include those who were not individually identified.