-
1
-
-
77952625548
-
Comparison of magnetic disturbances recorded by the self-registering magnetometers at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, with magnetic disturbances deduced from the corresponding terrestrial galvanic self-registering galvanometers of the Royal Observatory
-
Airy, G. (1868), Comparison of magnetic disturbances recorded by the self-registering magnetometers at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, with magnetic disturbances deduced from the corresponding terrestrial galvanic self-registering galvanometers of the Royal Observatory, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 158, 465-472.
-
(1868)
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London
, vol.158
, pp. 465-472
-
-
Airy, G.1
-
2
-
-
77952617979
-
Note on an extension of the comparison of magnetic disturbances with magnetic effects inferred from observed terrestrial galvanic currents and discussion of the magnetic effects inferred from galvanic currents on days of tranquil magnetism
-
Airy, G. (1870), Note on an extension of the comparison of magnetic disturbances with magnetic effects inferred from observed terrestrial galvanic currents and discussion of the magnetic effects inferred from galvanic currents on days of tranquil magnetism, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 160, 215-226.
-
(1870)
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London
, vol.160
, pp. 215-226
-
-
Airy, G.1
-
3
-
-
0005136433
-
On the spontaneous electrical currents observed in the wires of the electric telegraph
-
Barlow, W. H. (1849), On the spontaneous electrical currents observed in the wires of the electric telegraph, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 139, 61-72.
-
(1849)
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London
, vol.139
, pp. 61-72
-
-
Barlow, W.H.1
-
4
-
-
77952589947
-
Prediction of extreme disturbances with application to geomagnetic effects on pipelines and power systems
-
Boteler, D. H. (1990), Prediction of extreme disturbances with application to geomagnetic effects on pipelines and power systems, Sol. Terr. Predict. Proc., 1, 53-68.
-
(1990)
Sol. Terr. Predict. Proc.
, vol.1
, pp. 53-68
-
-
Boteler, D.H.1
-
5
-
-
0035030555
-
Assessment of geomagnetic hazard to power systems in Canada
-
Boteler, D. H. (2001), Assessment of geomagnetic hazard to power systems in Canada, Nat. Hazards, 23, 101-120.
-
(2001)
Nat. Hazards
, vol.23
, pp. 101-120
-
-
Boteler, D.H.1
-
6
-
-
33749576165
-
The super storms of August/September 1859 and their effects on the telegraph system
-
Boteler, D. H. (2006), The super storms of August/September 1859 and their effects on the telegraph system, Adv. Space Res., 38, 159-172.
-
(2006)
Adv. Space Res.
, vol.38
, pp. 159-172
-
-
Boteler, D.H.1
-
7
-
-
0001909216
-
The complex-image method for calculating the magnetic and electric fields produced at the surface of the Earth by the auroral electrojet
-
Boteler, D. H., and R. J. Pirjola (1998), The complex-image method for calculating the magnetic and electric fields produced at the surface of the Earth by the auroral electrojet, Geophys. J. Int., 132(1), 31-40.
-
(1998)
Geophys. J. Int.
, vol.132
, Issue.1
, pp. 31-40
-
-
Boteler, D.H.1
Pirjola, R.J.2
-
8
-
-
0000277718
-
Basic theory of the magneto-telluric method of geophysical prospecting
-
Cagniard, L. (1953), Basic theory of the magneto-telluric method of geophysical prospecting, Geophysics, 18(3), 605-635.
-
(1953)
Geophysics
, vol.18
, Issue.3
, pp. 605-635
-
-
Cagniard, L.1
-
9
-
-
84984526171
-
Observation of electric currents in the Alaska oil pipeline resulting from auroral electrojet current sources
-
Campbell, W. C. (1980), Observation of electric currents in the Alaska oil pipeline resulting from auroral electrojet current sources, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 61, 437-449.
-
(1980)
Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc.
, vol.61
, pp. 437-449
-
-
Campbell, W.C.1
-
10
-
-
77952625136
-
Geomagnetically induced currents in the Nordic power system and their effects on equipment, control, protection and operation, paper presented at Session 1992
-
Fields, Paris
-
Elovaara, J., P. Lindblad, A. Viljanen, T. Mäkinen, R. Pirjola, S. Larsson, and B. Kiele'n (1992), Geomagnetically induced currents in the Nordic power system and their effects on equipment, control, protection and operation, paper presented at Session 1992, Int. Counc. on Large Electr. Fields, Paris.
-
(1992)
Int. Counc. on Large Electr.
-
-
Elovaara, J.1
Lindblad, P.2
Viljanen, A.3
Mäkinen, T.4
Pirjola, R.5
Larsson, S.6
Kiele'n, B.7
-
11
-
-
85012895811
-
Application of modelling techniques to assess geomagnetically induced current risks on the NGC transmission system, paper presented at Session 2002
-
Fields, Paris
-
Erinmez, I. A., S. Majithia, C. Rogers, T. Yasuhiro, S. Ogawa, H. Swahn, and J. G. Kappenman (2002), Application of modelling techniques to assess geomagnetically induced current risks on the NGC transmission system, paper presented at Session 2002, Int. Counc. on Large Electr. Fields, Paris.
-
(2002)
Int. Counc. on Large Electr.
-
-
Erinmez, I.A.1
Majithia, S.2
Rogers, C.3
Yasuhiro, T.4
Ogawa, S.5
Swahn, H.6
Kappenman, J.G.7
-
12
-
-
69249099717
-
Telluric hazard assessment for northern pipelines, paper presented at International Corrosion 2007 Conference and Expo
-
Fernberg, P., L. Trichtchenko, D. H. Boteler, and L. McKee (2007), Telluric hazard assessment for northern pipelines, paper presented at International Corrosion 2007 Conference and Expo, NACE Int., Nashville, Tenn.
-
(2007)
NACE Int., Nashville, Tenn
-
-
Fernberg, P.1
Trichtchenko, L.2
Boteler, D.H.3
McKee, L.4
-
14
-
-
50949111343
-
Transformer failures in regions incorrectly considered to have low GIC-risk, paper presented at Power Tech 2007
-
Lausanne, Switzerland
-
Gaunt, C. T., and G. Coetzee (2007), Transformer failures in regions incorrectly considered to have low GIC-risk, paper presented at Power Tech 2007, IEEE Power Eng. Soc., Lausanne, Switzerland.
-
(2007)
IEEE Power Eng. Soc.
-
-
Gaunt, C.T.1
Coetzee, G.2
-
15
-
-
30744455211
-
Geomagnetic storms and their impact on power systems
-
Kappenman, J. (1996), Geomagnetic storms and their impact on power systems, IEEE Power Eng. Rev., 16, 5.
-
(1996)
IEEE Power Eng. Rev.
, vol.16
, pp. 5
-
-
Kappenman, J.1
-
16
-
-
33749576168
-
Great geomagnetic storms and extreme impulsive geomagnetic field disturbance events: An analysis of observational evidence including the great storm of May 1921
-
Kappenman, J. (2006), Great geomagnetic storms and extreme impulsive geomagnetic field disturbance events: An analysis of observational evidence including the great storm of May 1921, Adv. Space Res., 38, 188-199.
-
(2006)
Adv. Space Res.
, vol.38
, pp. 188-199
-
-
Kappenman, J.1
-
17
-
-
44349089671
-
Geomagnetically induced currents during intense storms driven by coronal mass ejections and corotating interacting regions
-
doi:10.1029/2007JA012487
-
Kataoka, R., and A. Pulkkinen (2008), Geomagnetically induced currents during intense storms driven by coronal mass ejections and corotating interacting regions, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A03S12, doi:10.1029/2007JA012487.
-
(2008)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.113
-
-
Kataoka, R.1
Pulkkinen, A.2
-
18
-
-
33746281104
-
Probability of occurrence of geomagnetic storms based on a study of the distribution of the electric field amplitudes measured in Abitibi, Que' bec, in 1993-94
-
Langlois, P., L. Bolduc, and M. C. Chouteau (1996), Probability of occurrence of geomagnetic storms based on a study of the distribution of the electric field amplitudes measured in Abitibi, Que' bec, in 1993-94, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 48, 1033-1041.
-
(1996)
J. Geomagn. Geoelectr.
, vol.48
, pp. 1033-1041
-
-
Langlois, P.1
Bolduc, L.2
Chouteau, M.C.3
-
19
-
-
0002132458
-
Telluric currents: The natural environment and interactions with man-made systems, in
-
Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D.C
-
Lanzerotti, L., and G. Gregori (1986), Telluric currents: The natural environment and interactions with man-made systems, in The Earth's Electrical Environment, pp. 232 -258, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D. C.
-
(1986)
The Earth's Electrical Environment, pp.
, pp. 232-258
-
-
Lanzerotti, L.1
Gregori, G.2
-
20
-
-
33749578679
-
A study on the great geomagnetic storm of 1859: Comparisons with other storms in the 19th century
-
Nevanlinna, H. (2006), A study on the great geomagnetic storm of 1859: Comparisons with other storms in the 19th century, Adv. Space Res., 38, 180-187.
-
(2006)
Adv. Space Res.
, vol.38
, pp. 180-187
-
-
Nevanlinna, H.1
-
21
-
-
43849091810
-
On geomagnetic variations during the August- September storms of 1859
-
Nevanlinna, H. (2008), On geomagnetic variations during the August- September storms of 1859, Adv. Space Res., 42, 171-180.
-
(2008)
Adv. Space Res.
, vol.42
, pp. 171-180
-
-
Nevanlinna, H.1
-
22
-
-
0040684392
-
Distortion of the interplanetary magnetic field by three-dimensional propagation of coronal mass ejections in a structured solar wind
-
doi:10.1029/1999JA900319
-
Odstrcil, D., and V. J. Pizzo (1999), Distortion of the interplanetary magnetic field by three-dimensional propagation of coronal mass ejections in a structured solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A12), 28,225 -28,240, doi:10.1029/1999JA900319.
-
(1999)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.104
, Issue.A12
, pp. 28225-28240
-
-
Odstrcil, D.1
Pizzo, V.J.2
-
23
-
-
0000205046
-
Currents produced in the Finnish 400 kV power transmission grid and in the Finnish natural gas pipeline by geomagnetically-induced electric fields
-
Pirjola, R., and M. Lehtinen (1985), Currents produced in the Finnish 400 kV power transmission grid and in the Finnish natural gas pipeline by geomagnetically-induced electric fields, Ann. Geophys., 3(4), 485-491.
-
(1985)
Ann. Geophys.
, vol.3
, Issue.4
, pp. 485-491
-
-
Pirjola, R.1
Lehtinen, M.2
-
24
-
-
0042123566
-
Studies of space weather effects on the Finnish natural gas pipeline and on the Finnish high-voltage power system
-
Pirjola, R., A. Pulkkinen, and A. Viljanen (2003), Studies of space weather effects on the Finnish natural gas pipeline and on the Finnish high-voltage power system, Adv. Space Res., 31(4), 795-805.
-
(2003)
Adv. Space Res.
, vol.31
, Issue.4
, pp. 795-805
-
-
Pirjola, R.1
Pulkkinen, A.2
Viljanen, A.3
-
25
-
-
39049122662
-
Space weather risk
-
doi:10.1029/ 2004SW000112
-
Pirjola, R., K. Kauristie, H. Lappalainen, A. Viljanen, and A. Pulkkinen (2005), Space weather risk, Space Weather, 3, S02A02, doi:10.1029/ 2004SW000112.
-
(2005)
Space Weather
, vol.3
-
-
Pirjola, R.1
Kauristie, K.2
Lappalainen, H.3
Viljanen, A.4
Pulkkinen, A.5
-
26
-
-
0004161838
-
-
2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K
-
Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery (1992), Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
-
(1992)
Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing
-
-
Press, W.H.1
Teukolsky, S.A.2
Vetterling, W.T.3
Flannery, B.P.4
-
27
-
-
0035732923
-
Recordings and occurrence of geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish natural gas pipeline network
-
Pulkkinen, A., A. Viljanen, K. Pajunpää , and R. Pirjola (2001), Recordings and occurrence of geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish natural gas pipeline network, J. Appl. Geophys., 48, 219-231.
-
(2001)
J. Appl. Geophys.
, vol.48
, pp. 219-231
-
-
Pulkkinen, A.1
Viljanen, A.2
Pajunpää, K.3
Pirjola, R.4
-
28
-
-
34248538602
-
Estimation of geomagnetically induced current levels from different input data
-
doi:10.1029/2006SW000229
-
Pulkkinen, A., A. Viljanen, and R. Pirjola (2006), Estimation of geomagnetically induced current levels from different input data, Space Weather, 4, S08005, doi:10.1029/2006SW000229.
-
(2006)
Space Weather
, vol.4
-
-
Pulkkinen, A.1
Viljanen, A.2
Pirjola, R.3
-
29
-
-
34248595783
-
Firstprinciples modeling of geomagnetically induced electromagnetic fields and currents from upstream solar wind to the surface of the Earth
-
Pulkkinen, A., M. Hesse, M. Kuznetsova, and L. Rastä tter (2007), Firstprinciples modeling of geomagnetically induced electromagnetic fields and currents from upstream solar wind to the surface of the Earth, Ann. Geophys., 25, 881-893.
-
(2007)
Ann. Geophys.
, Issue.25
, pp. 881-893
-
-
Pulkkinen, A.1
Hesse, M.2
Kuznetsova, M.3
Rastätter, L.4
-
30
-
-
0039644054
-
Geomagnetiske forstyrrelser, innvirkning p televerkets linjenett (in Norwegian)
-
Ramleth, K. J. (1982), Geomagnetiske forstyrrelser, Innvirkning p Televerkets linjenett (in Norwegian), Telektronikk, 1, 10-12.
-
(1982)
Telektronikk
, vol.1
, pp. 10-12
-
-
Ramleth, K.J.1
-
31
-
-
0018467661
-
Earth-current effects on communication-cable power subsystems
-
Root, H. G. (1979), Earth-current effects on communication-cable power subsystems, IEEE Trans, Electromagn. Compat., EMC-21(2), 87-92.
-
(1979)
IEEE Trans, Electromagn. Compat., EMC
, vol.21
, Issue.2
, pp. 87-92
-
-
Root, H.G.1
-
32
-
-
0005146722
-
Effects of terrestrial electromagnetic storms on wireline communications
-
Sanders, R. (1961), Effects of terrestrial electromagnetic storms on wireline communications, IRE Trans. Commun. Syst., V.C.S.-9(4), 367-377.
-
(1961)
IRE Trans. Commun. Syst., V.C.S.
, vol.9
, Issue.4
, pp. 367-377
-
-
Sanders, R.1
-
33
-
-
0000898845
-
An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples
-
Shapiro, S. S., and M. B. Wilk (1965), An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples), Biometrika, 52(3 -4), 591-611.
-
(1965)
Biometrika
, vol.52
, Issue.3-4
, pp. 591-611
-
-
Shapiro, S.S.1
Wilk, M.B.2
-
34
-
-
16844370952
-
Transpolar potential saturation models compared
-
doi:10.1029/ 2003JA010318
-
Siscoe, G., J. Raeder, and A. J. Ridley (2004), Transpolar potential saturation models compared, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A09203, doi:10.1029/ 2003JA010318.
-
(2004)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.109
-
-
Siscoe, G.1
Raeder, J.2
Ridley, A.J.3
-
35
-
-
33749560725
-
Dst of the Carrington storm of 1859
-
Siscoe, G., N. U. Crooker, and C. R. Clauer (2006), Dst of the Carrington storm of 1859, Adv. Space Res., 38, 173-179.
-
(2006)
Adv. Space Res.
, vol.38
, pp. 173-179
-
-
Siscoe, G.1
Crooker, N.U.2
Clauer, C.R.3
-
36
-
-
18144370303
-
On the great magnetic disturbance which extended from August 28 to September 7, 1859, as recorded by photography at the Kew Observatory
-
Stewart, B. (1861), On the great magnetic disturbance which extended from August 28 to September 7, 1859, as recorded by photography at the Kew Observatory, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 151, 423-430.
-
(1861)
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London
, Issue.151
, pp. 423-430
-
-
Stewart, B.1
-
37
-
-
39449114713
-
At substorm onset, 40% of AL comes from underground
-
doi:10.1029/2000JA900135
-
Tanskanen, E. I., A. Viljanen, T. I. Pulkkinen, R. Pirjola, L. Häkkinen, A. Pulkkinen, and O. Amm (2001), At substorm onset, 40% of AL comes from underground, J. Geophys. Res., 106(A7), 13,119 -13,134, doi:10.1029/2000JA900135.
-
(2001)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.106
, Issue.7
, pp. 13119-13134
-
-
Tanskanen, E.I.1
Viljanen, A.2
Pulkkinen, T.I.3
Pirjola, R.4
Häkkinen, L.5
Pulkkinen, A.6
Amm, O.7
-
38
-
-
77952632579
-
Long-term occurrence probabilities of intense geomagnetic storm events
-
doi:10.1029/2007SW000329
-
Tsubouchi, K., and Y. Omura (2007), Long-term occurrence probabilities of intense geomagnetic storm events, Space Weather, 5, S12003, doi:10.1029/2007SW000329.
-
(2007)
Space Weather
, vol.5
-
-
Tsubouchi, K.1
Omura, Y.2
-
39
-
-
0942304094
-
The extreme magnetic storm of 1 -2 September 1859
-
doi:10.1029/2002JA009504
-
Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, G. S. Lakhina, and S. Alex (2003), The extreme magnetic storm of 1 -2 September 1859, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1268, doi:10.1029/2002JA009504.
-
(2003)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.108
, Issue.7
, pp. 1268
-
-
Tsurutani, B.T.1
Gonzalez, W.D.2
Lakhina, G.S.3
Alex, S.4
-
40
-
-
1142269644
-
Fast computation of the geoelectric field using the method of elementary current systems
-
Viljanen, A., A. Pulkkinen, O. Amm, R. Pirjola, and T. Korja (2004), Fast computation of the geoelectric field using the method of elementary current systems, Ann. Geophys., 22, 101-113.
-
(2004)
Ann. Geophys.
, vol.22
, pp. 101-113
-
-
Viljanen, A.1
Pulkkinen, A.2
Amm, O.3
Pirjola, R.4
Korja, T.5
-
41
-
-
33749560028
-
On magnetic storms and Earth-currents
-
Walker, C. (1861), On magnetic storms and Earth-currents, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 151, 89-131.
-
(1861)
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London
, vol.151
, pp. 89-131
-
-
Walker, C.1
-
42
-
-
1542545612
-
Probability distribution invariance of 1-minute auroral-zone geomagnetic field fluctuations
-
doi:10.1029/2003GL018470
-
Weigel, R. S., and D. N. Baker (2003), Probability distribution invariance of 1-minute auroral-zone geomagnetic field fluctuations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(23), 2193, doi:10.1029/2003GL018470.
-
(2003)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.30
, Issue.23
, pp. 2193
-
-
Weigel, R.S.1
Baker, D.N.2
-
43
-
-
41749095643
-
Cone model for halo CMEs: Application to space weather forecasting
-
doi:10.1029/2003JA010226
-
Xie, H., L. Ofman, and G. Lawrence (2004), Cone model for halo CMEs: Application to space weather forecasting, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A03109, doi:10.1029/2003JA010226.
-
(2004)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.109
-
-
Xie, H.1
Ofman, L.2
Lawrence, G.3
|