Prevalence and risk factors of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection (CAEV) in Northern Somalia

Small Ruminant Research

Volumn 85, Issue 2-3, 2009, Pages 142-148

  Ghanem, Y M ^a,c   El Khodery, S A ^b   Saad, Ashraf A ^c   Elragaby, S A ^c   Abdelkader, A H ^d   Heybe, A ^d  

^a Kafrelsheikh University   (Egypt)

^b Mansoura University   (Egypt)

^c Laboratory of the Gulf Veterinary International Quarantine Management Company   (Somalia)

^d Ministry of Livestock and Animal health   (Somalia)

Author keywords

Caprine arthritis encephalitis; cELISA; Goats; Risk factors; Somaliland

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; CAPRA; CAPRA HIRCUS; CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; OVIS ARIES;

EID: 70350050398     PISSN: 09214488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.09.005     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adams D.S., Oliver R.E., Ameghini E., DeMartini J.C., Verwoerd D.W., Houwers D.J., Waghela S., Gorham J.R., Hyllseth B., Dawson M., Trigo F.J., and McGuire C. Global survey of serological evidence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. Vet. Rec. 115 (1984) 493-495
2. Adams D.S., Klevjer-Anderson P., Carlson J.L., Mcguire T.C., and Gorham J.R. Transmission and control of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44 (1983) 1670-1675
3. Bandeira D.A., de Castro R.S., Azevedo E.O., de Souza, Seixas, Melo L., and de Melo C.B. Seroprevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in goats in the Cariri region, Paraiba state. Brazil. Vet. J. 180 180 (2009) 399-401
4. Bertoni G., Zahno M.L., Zanoni R., Vogt H.R., Peterhans E., Ruff G., Cheevers W.P., Sonigo P., and Pancino G. Antibody reactivity to the immunodominant epitopes of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus gp38 transmembrane protein associates with the development of arthritis. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 7139-7147
5. Blacklaws B.A., Berriatua E., Torsteinsdottir S., Watt N.J., De Andrés D., Klein D., and Harkiss G.D. Transmission of small ruminant lentiviruses. Vet. Microbiol. 101 (2004) 199-208
6. Brinkhof J., and van Maanen C. Evaluation of five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and an agar gel immunodiffusion test for detection of antibodies to small ruminant lentiviruses. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 14 (2007) 1210-1214
7. Brülisauer F., Vogt H.R., Perler L., and Rüfenacht J. Risk factors for the infection of Swiss goat herds with small ruminant lentivirus: a case-control study. Vet. Rec. 157 (2005) 229-233
8. Burgu I., Akca Y., Alkan F., Özkul A., Karaglu T., and Çabalar M. Antibody prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats in Turkey. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 10 (1994) 390-391
9. Cameron A. Survey toolbox for livestock diseases-a practical manual and software package for active surveillance in developing countries. Canberra, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. ACIAR Monogr. 54 (1999) 330
10. Cutlip R.C., Lehmkuhl H.D., Sacks J.M., and Weaver A.L. Prevalence of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in goats in the United States. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 200 (1992) 802-805
11. Dawson M., and Wilesmith J.W. Serological survey of lentivirus (maedi-visna/caprine arthritis encephalitis) infection in British goat herds. Vet. Rec. 117 (1985) 86-89
12. Dawson M. The caprine arthritis encephalitis syndrome. Vet. Annu. 29 (1989) 98-102
13. De Andrés D., Klein D., Watt N.J., Berriatua E., Torsteinsdottir S., Blacklaws B.A., and Harkiss G.D. Diagnostic tests for small ruminant lentiviruses. Vet. Microbiol. 107 (2005) 49-62
14. East N.E., Rowe J.D., Madwell B.R., and Floyd K. Serologic prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in California goat dairies. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 190 (1987) 182-186
15. Gaani M.X., Axmed C.Y., Kille M.C., Xasan J.N., Xasan C.M., Ibrahim M.J., Axmed C.M., and Ibrahim X. Regulating the Livestock Economy of Somaliland (2002), Academy for Peace and Development, Hargeysa, Somaliland. http://storm.prohosting.com/mbali/doc179.htm (URL: http://storm.prohosting.com/mbali/doc179.htm)
16. Garcia M., Galhardo M., Araujo W.P., D'Angelino J.L., Bastos P.S., and Rossini A.J. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) occurrence of positive sera in goats raised in Brazil. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 24 (1992) 164
17. Gogolewski R.P., Adams D.S., McGuire T.C., Banks K.L., and Cheevers W.P. Antigenic cross-reactivity between caprine arthritis-encephalitis, visna and progressive pneumonia viruses involves all virion-associated proteins and glycoproteins. J. Gen. Virol. 66 (1985) 1233-1240
18. Greenwood P.L., North R.N., and Kirkland P.D. Prevalence spread and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in dairy goats herds in New South Wales. Aust. Vet. J. 72 (1995) 341-345
19. Grewal A.S., Greenwood P.E., Burton R.W., Smith J.E., Batty E.M., and North R. Caprine retrovirus infection in New South Wales: virus isolations, clinical and histopathological findings and prevalence of antibody. Aust. Vet. J. 63 (1986) 245-248
20. Gufler H., and Baumgartner W. Overview of herd and CAEV status in dwarf goats in South Tyrol, Italy. Vet. Q. 29 (2007) 68-70
21. Herrmann L.M., Cheevers W.P., McGuire T.C., Adams D.S., Hutton M.M., Gavin W.G., and Knowles D.P. Competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus: diagnostic tool for successful eradication. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10 (2003) 267-271
22. Hullinger G.A., Knowles D.P., McGuire T.C., and Cheevers W.P. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus SU is the ligand for infection of caprine synovial membrane cells. Virology 192 (1993) 328-331
23. Kemp R.K., Knowles D.P., Perry L.L., McGuire T.C., Besser T.E., and Cheevers W.P. Crossreactive neutralizing antibodies induced by immunization with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus surface glycoprotein. Vaccine 18 (2000) 1282-1287
24. Knowles D.P. Laboratory diagnostic tests for retrovirus infections of small ruminants. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 13 (1997) 1-11
25. Knowles D.P., Cheevers W.P., McGuire T.C., Brassfield A.L., Harwood W.G., and Stem T.A. Structure and genetic variability of envelope glycoproteins of two antigenic variants of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus. J. Virol. 65 (1991) 5744-5750
26. Knowles D.P., Cheevers W.P., McGuire T.C., Stem T.A., and Gorham J.R. Severity of arthritis is predicted by antibody response to gp135 in chronic infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. J. Virol. 64 (1990) 2396-2398
27. Knowles D.P., Evermann J.F., Shropshire C., VanderSchalie J., Bradway D., Gezon H.M., and Cheevers W.P. Evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion serology using caprine and ovine lentiviral antigens for detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32 (1994) 243-245
28. Krieg A., and Peterhans E. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis in Switzerland: epidemiological and clinical studies. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 132 (1990) 345-352
29. Lamara A., Fieni F., Mselli-Lakhal L., Tainturier D., and Chebloune Y. Epithelial cells from goat oviduct are highly permissive for productive infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). Virus Res. 87 (2002) 69-77
30. Leroux C., Chastang J., Greenland T., and Mornex J.F. Genomic heterogenicity of small ruminat lentiviruses: existence of heterogeneous populations in sheep and of the same lentiviral genotypes in sheep and goat. Arch. Virol. 142 (1997) 1125-1137
31. Lichtensteiger C.A., Knowles D.P., McGuire T.C., and Cheevers W.P. Recombinant gp135 envelope glycoproteins of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus variants inhibit homologous and heterologous variant-specific neutralizing antibodies. Virology 185 (1991) 2-9
32. Matthews J.G. Diseases of the Goat. 2nd ed. (1999), Blackwell Science, Chelmsford, UK pp. 80-87
33. McGuire T.C., Knowles D.P., Davis W.C., Brassfield A.L., Stem T.A., and Cheevers W.P. Transmembrane protein oligomers of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus are immunodominant in goats with progressive arthritis. J. Virol. 66 (1992) 3247-3250
34. Nord K., Loken T., and Orten A. Control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in three Norwegian goat herds. Small Rumin. Res. 28 (1998) 109-114
35. Peterhans E., Greenland T., Badiola J., Harkiss G., Bertoni G., Amorena B., Eliaszewicz M., Juste R.A., Krassnig R., Lafont J.P., Lenihan P., Pétursson G., Pritchard G., Thorley J., Vitu C., Mornex J.F., and Pépin M. Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes. Vet. Res. 35 (2004) 257-274
36. Phelps S.L., and Smith M.C. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 203 (1993) 1663-1666
37. Plaza M., Sánchez A., Corrales J.C., De la Fe C., and Contreras A. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus diagnosed by ELISA in lactating goats using milk samples. Small Rumin. Res. 81 (2009) 189-192
38. Ravazzolo A.P., Reischak D., Peterhans E., and Zanoni R. Phylogenetic analysis of small lentiviruses from Southern Brazil. Virus Res. 79 (2001) 117-123
39. Refai M. Incidence and control of brucellosis in the Near East region. Vet. Microbiol. 90 (2002) 81-110
40. Rimstad E., East N.E., Torten M., Higgins B.S., DeRock E., and Pedersen N.C. Delayed seroconversion following naturally acquired caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in goats. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54 (1993) 1858-1862
41. Robinson W.F., and Ellis T.M. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection: from recognition to eradication. Aust. Vet. J. 63 (1986) 237-241
42. Rowe J.D., East N.E., Franti C.E., Thurmond M.C., Pedersen N.C., and Theilen G.H. Risk factors associated with the incidence of seroconversion to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in goats on California dairies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 53 (1992) 2396-2403
43. Rowe J.D., and East N.E. Risk factors for transmission and methods for control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 13 (1997) 33-53
44. Sihvonen L., Nuotio L., Rikula U., Hirvela-Koski V., and Kokkonen U. Preventing the spread of maedi-visna in sheep through a voluntary control programme in Finland. Prev. Vet. Med. 47 (2000) 213-220
45. Smith M.C., and Sherman D.M. Goat Medicine (1994), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia pp. 73-79, 135-138
46. Torres-Acosta J.F.J., Gutierrez E.J., Butler V., Schmidt A., Evans J., Babington J., Bearman K., Fordharn T., Brownlit T., Schroer S., Camara G.E., and Lightsey J. Serological survey of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus 83 goat herds of Yucatan, Mexico. Small Rumin. Res. 49 (2003) 207-211
47. Zanoni R.G. Phylogenetic analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 79 (1998) 1951-1961