Comparison of two self-rating scales to detect depression: HADS and PHQ-9

British Journal of General Practice

Volumn 59, Issue 566, 2009, Pages 650-654

  Hansson, Maja ^a   Chotai, Jayanti ^a   Nordstöm, Annika ^b   Bodlund, Owe ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b Centre of Registers North Sweden   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Depression; Primary health care; Psychometrics; Self assessment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTPATIENT CARE; PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF CONCEPT;

EID: 70350045157     PISSN: 09601643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp09X454070     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Sartorius N, Ustun TB, Lecrubier Y, Wittchen HU. Depression comorbid with anxiety: results from the WHO study on psychological disorders in primary health care. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 168(Suppl 30): 38-43. (Pubitemid 26000490)
2. Wittchen HU, Hofler M, Meister W. Prevalence and recognition of depressive syndromes in German primary care settings: poorly recognized and treated? Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 16(3): 121-135.
3. SBU (The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care). Treatment of depression - a systematic literature review [in Swedish]. Report no 166. Stockholm: SBU; 2004.
4. Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vázquez-Barquero JL, Dowrick C, et al. ODIN Group. Depressive disorders in Europe: prevalence figures from the ODIN study. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 179: 308-316. (Pubitemid 32996039)
5. Andrews G, Henderson S, Hall W. Prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service utilisation. Overview of the Australian National Mental Health Survey. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 145-153. (Pubitemid 32158076)
6. Blazer DG, Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz MS. The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151(7): 979-986.
7. Allgulander C, Nilsson B. A nationwide study in primary health care: one out of four patients suffers from anxiety and depression [in Swedish]. Lakartidningen 2003; 100(10): 832-838. (Pubitemid 37463661)
8. Nordstrom A, Bodlund O. Every third patient in primary care suffers from depression, anxiety or alcohol problems. Nord J Psychiatry 2006; 62: 250-255. (Pubitemid 352043906)
9. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA 1999; 282(18): 1737-1744.
10. Cameron I, Reid I, Lawton K. Appropriateness of antidepressant prescribing: an observational study in a Scottish primary-care setting. Br J Gen Pract 2009; 59(566): 644-649.
11. Tylee A, Gandhi P. The importance of somatic symptoms in depression in primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 7(4): 167-176. (Pubitemid 41783218)
12. Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res 2002; 52(2): 69-77. (Pubitemid 34192886)
13. Bodlund O. Anxiety and depression as hidden problem in primary health care. Only one case in four identified [in Swedish]. Lakartidningen 1997; 94(49): 4612-4618.
14. Hansson M, Bodlund O, Chotai J. Patient education and group counseling to improve the treatment of depression in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2008; 105(1-3): 235-240. (Pubitemid 350236345)
15. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16(9): 606-613. (Pubitemid 32823891)
16. Löwe B, Spitzer RL, Gräfe K, et al. Comparative validity of three screening questionnaires for DSM-IV depressive disorders and physicians' diagnoses. J Affect Disord 2004; 78(2): 131-140. (Pubitemid 38045472)
17. Lówe B, Gräfe K, Zipfel S, et al. Diagnosing ICD-10 depressive episodes: superior criterion validity of the patient health questionnaire. Psychother Psychosom 2004; 73(6): 386-390. (Pubitemid 39370529)
18. Stafford L, Berk M, Jackson HJ. Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007; 29(5): 417-424 (Pubitemid 47410308)
19. Cameron IM, Crawford JR, Lawton K, Reid IC. Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2008; 58(546): 32-36.
20. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67(6): 361-370.
21. Herrmann C. International experiences with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - a review of validation data and clinical results. J Psychosom Res 1997; 42(1): 17-41. (Pubitemid 27095712)
22. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, et al. Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA 1994; 272(22): 1749-1756.
23. Wittkampf KA, Naeije L, Schene AH, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the mood module of the Patient Health Questionnaire: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007; 29(5): 388-395. (Pubitemid 47410307)
24. Gilbody S, Richards D, Barkham M. Diagnosing depression in primary care using self-completed instruments: UK validation of PHQ-9 and CORE- OM. Br J Gen Pract 2007; 57(541): 650-652. (Pubitemid 47232634)
25. Williams LS, Brizendine EJ, Hue L, et al. Performance of the PHQ-9 as a screening tool for depression after stroke. Stroke 2005; 36(3): 635-638. (Pubitemid 40344169)
26. Huang FY, Chung H, Kroenke K, et al. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21 (6): 547-552 (Pubitemid 43801481)
27. Mykletun A, Stordal E, Dahl AA. Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 179: 540-544. (Pubitemid 34031681)