Heterotopic ossification in high-energy wartime extremity injuries: Prevalence and risk factors

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1084-1091

  Forsberg, Jonathan Agner ^a   Pepek, Joseph M ^b   Wagner, Scott ^b   Wilson, Kevin ^b   Flint, James ^a   Andersen, Romney C ^a   Tadaki, Doug ^b   Gage, Frederick A ^b   Stojadinovic, Alexander ^b   Elster, Eric A ^b  

^a WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARM AMPUTATION; ARM INJURY; ARTICLE; BATTLE INJURY; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRUSH TRAUMA; DEBRIDEMENT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FALLING; FEMALE; FRACTURE EXTERNAL FIXATION; FRACTURE FIXATION; FRACTURE TREATMENT; GUNSHOT INJURY; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; HUMAN; LEG AMPUTATION; LEG INJURY; LIMB INJURY; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OPEN REDUCTION; OSTEOSYNTHESIS; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS; VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AMPUTATION; ARM INJURIES; BRAIN INJURIES; COHORT STUDIES; EXTREMITIES; HUMANS; INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; LEG INJURIES; MIDDLE AGED; OSSIFICATION, HETEROTOPIC; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; WAR;

EID: 70350044926     PISSN: 00219355     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.H.00792     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Potter BK, Burns TC, Lacap AP, Granville RR, Gajewski D. Heterotopic ossification in the residual limbs of traumatic and combat-related amputees. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(10 Spec No.):S191-7.
2. Andersen RC, Frisch HM, Farber GL, Hayda RA. Definitive treatment of combat casualties at military medical centers. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(10 Spec No.):S24-31.
3. Covey DC. Combat orthopaedics: a view from the trenches. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(10 Spec No.):S10-7.
4. Gajewski D, Granville R. The United States Armed Forces amputee patient care program. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(10 Spec No.):S183-7.
5. Owens BD, Wenke JC, Svoboda SJ, White DW. Extremity trauma research in the United States Army. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(10 Spec No.):S37-40.
6. Potter BK, Burns TC, Lacap AP, Granville RR, Gajewski DA. Heterotopic ossification following traumatic and combat-related amputations. Prevalence, risk factors, and preliminary results of excision. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:476-486
7. Brooker AF, Bowerman JW, Robinson RA, Riley LH Jr. Ectopic ossification following total hip replacement. Incidence and a method of classification. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55:1629-1632
8. Garland DE, Keenan MA. Orthopedic strategies in the management of the adult head-injured patient. Phys Ther. 1983;63:2004-2009 (Pubitemid 14206345)
9. Garland DE, Razza BE, Waters RL. Forceful joint manipulation in head-injured adults with heterotopic ossification. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;169:133-138
10. Hoffer MM, Garrett A, Brink J, Perry J, Hale W, Nickel VL. The orthopaedic management of brain-injured children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971;53:567-577
11. Kaplan FS, Glaser DL, Hebela N, Shore EM. Heterotopic ossification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12:116-125
12. Kypson AP, Morphew E, Jones R, Gottfried MR, Seigler HF. Heterotopic ossification in rectal cancer: rare finding with a novel proposed mechanism. J Surg Oncol. 2003;82:132-137 (Pubitemid 36164449)
13. Lindholm TS, Viljakka T, Vankka E, Popov L, Lindholm TC. Development of heterotopic ossification around the hip. A long-term follow-up of patients who underwent surgery with two different types of endoprostheses. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1986;105:263-267
14. Morrey BF, Adams RA, Cabanela ME. Comparison of heterotopic bone after anterolateral, transtrochanteric, and posterior approaches for total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;188:160-167 (Pubitemid 14029168)
15. Pittenger DE. Heterotopic ossification. Orthop Rev. 1991;20:33-39
16. Usami N, Yoshioka H, Mori S, Imaizumi M, Nagasaka T, Ueda Y. Primary lung adenocarcinoma with heterotopic bone formation. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;53:102-105 (Pubitemid 40403913)
17. Garland DE. A clinical perspective on common forms of acquired heterotopic ossification. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;263:13-29.
18. Garland DE. Surgical approaches for resection of heterotopic ossification in traumatic brain-injured adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;263:59-70.
19. Ippolito E, Formisano R, Caterini R, Farsetti P, Penta F. Operative treatment of heterotopic hip ossification in patients with coma after brain injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999;365:130-138 (Pubitemid 29382270)
20. Ippolito E, Formisano R, Farsetti P, Caterini R, Penta F. Excision for the treatment of periarticular ossification of the knee in patients who have a traumatic brain injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:783-789 (Pubitemid 29297556)
21. Mendelson L, Grosswasser Z, Najenson T, Sandbank U, Solzi P. Periarticular new bone formation in patients suffering from severe head injuries. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7:141-145
22. Sarafis KA, Karatzas GD, Yotis CL. Ankylosed hips caused by heterotopic ossification after traumatic brain injury: a difficult problem. J Trauma. 1999;46:104-109
23. Hoge CW, McGurk D, Thomas JL, Cox AL, Engel CC, Castro CA. Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. soldiers returning from Iraq. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:453-463 (Pubitemid 351185801)
24. Jones E, Fear NT, Wessely S. Shell shock and mild traumatic brain injury: a historical review. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1641-1645 (Pubitemid 350205337)
25. Warden D. Military TBI during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21:398-402. (Pubitemid 44413113)
26. Okie S. Traumatic brain injury in the war zone. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2043-2047 (Pubitemid 40664304)
27. Taber KH, Warden DL, Hurley RA. Blast-related traumatic brain injury: what is known? J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;18:141-145
28. Casscells SW. HA policy 07-030. Traumatic brain injury: definition and reporting. 2007. http://mhs.osd.mil/Content/docs/pdfs/policies/2007/07-030.pdf. Accessed 2009 Jan 28.
29. Burd TA, Lowry KJ, Anglen JO. Indomethacin compared with localized irradiation for the prevention of heterotopic ossification following surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83:1783-8. Erratum in: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:100.
30. Giannoudis PV, Grotz MR, Papakostidis C, Dinopoulos H. Operative treatment of displaced fractures of the acetabulum. A meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:2-9.
31. Griffin DB, Beaulé PE, Matta JM. Safety and efficacy of the extended iliofemoral approach in the treatment of complex fractures of the acetabulum. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:1391-1396
32. Oh CW, Kim PT, Park BC, Kim SY, Kyung HS, Jeon IH, Cheon SH, Min WK. Results after operative treatment of transverse acetabular fractures. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11:478-484 (Pubitemid 44496656)
33. Ozer H, Solak S, Turanli S, Baltaci G, Colakoglu T, Bolukbasi S. Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus treated with the triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle approach. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005;125:469-74. Erratum in: Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2006;126:574.
34. Petsatodis G, Antonarakos P, Chalidis B, Papadopoulos P, Christoforidis J, Pournaras J. Surgically treated acetabular fractures via a single posterior approach with a follow-up of 2-10 years. Injury. 2007;38:334-343 (Pubitemid 46328916)
35. Rath EM, Russell GV Jr, Washington WJ, Routt ML Jr. Gluteus minimus necrotic muscle debridement diminishes heterotopic ossification after acetabular fracture fixation. Injury. 2002;33:751-756
36. Schara K, Herman S. Heterotopic bone formation in total hip arthroplasty: predisposing factors, classification and the significance for clinical outcome. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2001;68:105-108 (Pubitemid 32454905)
37. Triantaphillopoulos PG, Panagiotopoulos EC, Mousafiris C, Tyllianakis M, Dimakopoulos P, Lambiris EE. Long-term results in surgically treated acetabular fractures through the posterior approaches. J Trauma. 2007;62:378-382 (Pubitemid 46254758)
38. Daum WJ, Scarborough MT, Gordon W Jr, Uchida T. Heterotopic ossification and other perioperative complications of acetabular fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1992;6:427-432
39. Barei DP, Nork SE, Mills WJ, Henley MB, Benirschke SK. Complications associated with internal fixation of high-energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures utilizing a two-incision technique. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:649-657
40. Hedin H, Hjorth K, Rehnberg L, Larsson S. External fixation of displaced femoral shaft fractures in children: a consecutive study of 98 fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2003;17:250-256 (Pubitemid 36503868)
41. Siebert CH, Lehrbass-Sokeland KP, Rinke F, Hansis M. Compression plating of tibial fractures following primary external fixation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1997;116:390-395 (Pubitemid 27351170)
42. Mills WJ, Tejwani N. Heterotopic ossification after knee dislocation: the predictive value of the injury severity score. J Orthop Trauma. 2003;17:338-345 (Pubitemid 36701597)
43. Simonsen LL, Sonne-Holm S, Krasheninnikoff M, Engberg AW. Symptomatic heterotopic ossification after very severe traumatic brain injury in 114 patients: incidence and risk factors. Injury. 2007;38:1146-1150 (Pubitemid 47488271)
44. Lynch JR, Jenkins MV, Smith DG, Bellabarba C. Bilateral exercise-induced compartment syndrome of the thigh and leg associated with massive heterotopic ossification. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:2265-2269 (Pubitemid 44536790)
45. Garland DE. Clinical observations on fractures and heterotopic ossification in the spinal cord and traumatic brain injured populations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;233:86-101.
46. Garland DE, Dowling V. Forearm fractures in the head-injured adult. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;176:190-196
47. Garland DE, Rothi B, Waters RL. Femoral fractures in head-injuries adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;166:219-225
48. Garland DE, Toder L. Fractures of the tibial diaphysis in adults with head injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;150:198-202. (Pubitemid 10039051)
49. Spencer RF. The effect of head injury on fracture healing. A quantitative assessment. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69:525-528
50. Giannoudis PV, Mushtaq S, Harwood P, Kambhampati S, Dimoutsos M, Stavrou Z, Pape HC. Accelerated bone healing and excessive callus formation in patients with femoral fracture and head injury. Injury. 2006;37 Suppl 3:S18-24. Erratum in: Injury. 2007;38:1224.
51. Steinberg GG, Hubbard C. Heterotopic ossification after femoral intramedullary rodding. J Orthop Trauma. 1993;7:536-542
52. Dalury DF, Jiranek WA. The incidence of heterotopic ossification after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2004;19:447-452 (Pubitemid 38725926)
53. Ebraheim NA, Patil V, Liu J, Haman SP. Sliding trochanteric osteotomy in acetabular fractures: a review of 30 cases. Injury. 2007;38:1177-1182 (Pubitemid 47488268)
54. Higo T, Mawatari M, Shigematsu M, Hotokebuchi T. The incidence of heterotopic ossification after cementless total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2006;21:852-856 (Pubitemid 44293233)
55. Kasetti RJ, Shetty AA, Rand C. Heterotopic ossification after uncemented hydroxyapatite-coated primary total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty.2001;16: 1038-1042 (Pubitemid 33151881)
56. Riegler HF, Harris CM. Heterotopic bone formation after total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976;117:209-216
57. Ritter MA, Vaughan RB. Ectopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. Predisposing factors, frequency, and effect on results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59:345-351
58. Sneath RJ, Bindi FD, Davies J, Parnell EJ. The effect of pulsed irrigation on the incidence of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2001;16:547-551 (Pubitemid 32751441)
59. Soballe K, Christensen F, Kristensen SS. Ectopic bone formation after total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;228:57-62. (Pubitemid 18095456)
60. Eastell R, Delmas PD, Hodgson SF, Eriksen EF, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Bone formation rate in older normal women: concurrent assessment with bone histomorphometry, calcium kinetics, and biochemical markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67:741-748 (Pubitemid 18238448)
61. Hierton C, Blomgren G, Lindgren U. Factors associated with heterotopic bone formation in cemented total hip prostheses. Acta Orthop Scand. 1983;54:698-702.
62. Lazansky MG. Complications revisited. The debit side of total hip replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1973;95:96-103.
63. Andermahr J, Elsner A, Brings AE, Hensler T, Gerbershagen H, Jubel A. Reduced collagen degradation in polytraumas with traumatic brain injury causes enhanced osteogenesis. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23:708-720 (Pubitemid 43728057)
64. Boes M, Kain M, Kakar S, Nicholls F, Cullinane D, Gerstenfeld L, Einhorn TA, Tornetta P 3rd. Osteogenic effects of traumatic brain injury on experimental fracture-healing. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:738-43. Erratum in: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:1602.
65. Gautschi OP, Toffoli AM, Joesbury KA, Skirving AP, Filgueira L, Zellweger R. Osteoinductive effect of cerebrospinal fluid from brain-injured patients. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:154-162 (Pubitemid 46214421)
66. Hendricks HT, Geurts AC, van Ginneken BC, Heeren AJ, Vos PE. Brain injury severity and autonomic dysregulation accurately predict heterotopic ossification in patients with traumatic brain injury. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21:545-553 (Pubitemid 47091252)
67. Brumback RJ, Wells JD, Lakatos R, Poka A, Bathon GH, Burgess AR. Heterotopic ossification about the hip after intramedullary nailing for fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1067-1073 (Pubitemid 20279639)