The "soil microbial loop" is not always needed to explain protozoan stimulation of plants

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 2336-2342

  Ekelund, Flemming ^a   Saj, Stephane ^b   Vestergård, Mette ^a   Bertaux, Joanne ^c   Mikola, Juha ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE POITIERS   (France)

Author keywords

Bacteria; Flagellates; Indole 3 acetic acid (IAA); Plant growth; Protozoa

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY OR; COMPLEX INTERACTION; ENERGETIC ASPECT; ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY; FLAGELLATES; FOOD WEBS; GLUCOSE ADDITION; INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (IAA); KEY FACTORS; MICROBIAL LOOP; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; NITROGEN CONTENT; NITROGEN UPTAKE; ORGANIC NITROGEN SOURCES; PLANT GROWTH; PLANT ROOTS; ROOT EXUDATION; SOIL NITROGEN; SOIL-NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; UNDERLYING MECHANISM; YORKSHIRES;

ACETIC ACID; BACTERIOLOGY; GLUCOSE; NITROGEN; PH EFFECTS; PLANT LIFE EXTENSION; SOILS;

PROTOZOA;

ACETIC ACID; BACTERIUM; FOOD WEB; GLUCOSE; GRASS; GROWTH MODELING; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; PROTOZOAN; ROOT ARCHITECTURE; SOIL MICROORGANISM; SOIL NITROGEN; STOICHIOMETRY;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); HOLCUS; HOLCUS LANATUS; MASTIGOPHORA (FLAGELLATES); PROTOZOA;

EID: 70349947107     PISSN: 00380717     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.08.019     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Anderson J.P.E., and Domsch K.H. A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 10 (1978) 215-221
2. Bertaux J., Gloger U., Schmid M., Hartmann A., and Scheu S. Routine fluorescence in situ hybridization in soil. Journal of Microbiological Methods 69 (2007) 451-460
3. Bjørnlund L., Mørk S., Vestergård M., and Rønn R. Trophic interactions between rhizosphere bacteria and bacterial feeders influenced by phosphate and aphids in barley. Biology and Fertility of Soils 43 (2006) 1-11
4. Bonkowski M. Protozoa and plant growth: the microbial loop in soil revisited. New Phytologist 162 (2004) 617-631
5. Bonkowski M., and Brandt F. Do soil protozoa enhance plant growth by hormonal effects?. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 34 (2002) 1709-1715
6. Bonkowski M., Griffiths B., and Scrimgeour C. Substrate heterogeneity and microfauna in soil organic 'hotspots' as determinants of nitrogen capture and growth of ryegrass. Applied Soil Ecology 14 (2000) 37-53
7. Bonkowski M., Jentschke G., and Scheu S. Contrasting effects of microbial partners in the rhizosphere: interactions between Norway Spruce seedlings (Picea abies Karst.), mycorrhiza (Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr.) and naked amoeba (protozoa). Applied Soil Ecology 18 (2001) 193-204
8. Bonkowski M., Geoghegan I.E., Birch A.N.E., and Griffiths B.S. Effects of soil decomposer invertebrates (protozoa and earthworms) on an above-ground phytophagous insect (cereal aphid) mediated through changes in the host plant. Oikos 95 (2001) 441-450
9. Bouma T.J., Koutstaal B.P., van Dongen M., and Nielsen K.L. Coping with low nutrient availability and inundation: root growth responses of three halophytic grass species from different elevations along a flooding gradient. Oecologia 126 (2001) 472-481
10. Bric J.M., Bostock R.M., and Silverstone S.E. Rapid in situ assay for indoleacetic acid production by bacteria immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57 (1991) 535-538
11. Buckley D.H., and Schmidt T.M. Environmental factors influencing the distribution of rRNA from verrucomicrobia in soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 35 (2001) 105-112
12. Christensen S., and Bonde G.J. Seasonal variation in number and activity of denitrifying bacteria in soil - taxonomy and physiological groups among isolates. Tidsskrift for Planteavl 89 (1985) 367-372
13. Clarholm M. Interactions of bacteria, protozoa and plants leading to mineralization of soil-nitrogen. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 17 (1985) 181-187
14. Ekelund F., and Rønn R. Notes on protozoa in agricultural soil, with emphasis on heterotrophic flagellates and naked amoebae and their ecology. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 15 (1994) 321-353
15. Ekelund F., Frederiksen H.B., and Rønn R. Population dynamics of active and total ciliate populations in arable soil amended with wheat. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (2002) 1096-1101
16. Fenchel T. Flagellate design and function. In: Patterson D.J., and Larsen J. (Eds). The Biology of Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates (1991), Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain 93-112
17. Finlay B.J. Global dispersal of free-living microbial eukaryote species. Science 296 (2002) 1061-1063
18. Griffiths B.S. Mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus by mixed cultures of the ciliate protozoan Colpoda steinii, the nematode Rhabditis sp. and the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 18 (1986) 637-641
19. Hodge A. The plastic plant: root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients. New Phytologist 162 (2004) 9-24
20. Ingestad T. Mineral nutrient requirements of Pinus silvestris and Picea abies seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum 45 (1979) 373-380
21. Jentschke G., Bonkowski M., Godbold D.L., and Scheu S. Soil protozoa and forest tree growth: non-nutritional effects and interaction with mycorrhizae. Biology and Fertility of Soils 20 (1995) 263-269
22. Kreuzer K., Adamczyk J., Iijima M., Wagner M., Scheu S., and Bonkowski M. Grazing of a common species of soil protozoa (Acanthamoeba castellanii) affects rhizosphere bacterial community composition and root architecture of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38 (2006) 1665-1672
23. Kuikman P.J., and van Veen J.A. The impact of protozoa on the availability of bacterial nitrogen to plants. Biology and Fertility of Soils 8 (1989) 13-18
24. Kuikman P.J., van Elsas J.D., Jansen A.G., Burgers S.L.G.E., and van Veen J.A. Population dynamics and activity of bacteria and protozoa in relation to their spatial distribution in soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 22 (1990) 1063-1073
25. Mikola J., Bardgett R.D., and Hedlund K. Biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and soil decomposer food webs. In: Loreau M., Naeem S., and Inchausti P. (Eds). Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning - Synthesis and Perspectives (2002), Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain 169-180
26. Nguyen C. Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants: mechanisms and controls. Agronomie 23 (2003) 375-396
27. Page F.C. A New Key to Freshwater and Soil Gymnamoebae (1988), Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, Great Britain
28. 2 concentration, irradiance and below-ground conditions. Global Change Biology 5 (1999) 669-678
29. Paterson E., and Sim A. Effect of nitrogen supply and defoliation on loss of organic compounds from roots of Festuca rubra. Journal of Experimental Botany 51 (2000) 1449-1457
30. Robinson D., Griffiths B., Ritz K., and Wheatley R. Root-induced nitrogen mineralization - a theoretical analysis. Plant and Soil 117 (1989) 185-193
31. Rosenberg K., Bertaux J., Krome K., Hartmann A., Scheu S., and Bonkowski M. Soil amoebae rapidly change bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana. The ISME Journal 3 (2009) 675-684
32. Rønn R., Ekelund F., and Christensen S. Optimizing soil extract and broth media for enumeration of naked amoebae and heterotrophic flagellates in soil. Pedobiologia 39 (1995) 10-19
33. Rønn R., Ekelund F., and Grunert J. Protozoan response to addition of the bacteria Mycobacterium chlorophenolicus and Pseudomonas chlororaphis to soil microcosms. Biology and Fertility of Soils 33 (2001) 126-131
34. Rønn R., McCaig A.E., Griffiths B.S., and Prosser J.I. Impact of protozoan grazing on bacterial community structure in soil microcosms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (2002) 6094-6105
35. Schönhuber W., Zarda B., Eix S., Rippka R., Herdman M., Ludwig W., and Amann R. In situ identification of Cyanobacteria with horseradish peroxidase-labeled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65 (1999) 1259-1267
36. Vestergård M., Bjørnlund L., Henry F., and Rønn R. Decreasing prevalence of rhizosphere IAA producing and seedling root growth promoting bacteria with barley development irrespective of protozoan grazing regime. Plant and Soil 295 (2007) 115-125