메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 132, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2630-2642

Symptoms and signs of syncope: A review of the link between physiology and clinical clues

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Cerebral blood flow; Reflex; Syncope; Vasovagal

Indexed keywords

ANOXIA; APNEA; ASYSTOLE; AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; BODY MOVEMENT; BODY POSTURE; BREATHING PATTERN; CLINICAL FEATURE; COLOR VISION DEFECT; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; DISEASE COURSE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EYELID CLOSURE; FECES INCONTINENCE; FLUSHING; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERFUSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SYNCOPE; SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION; TENDON REFLEX; THINKING IMPAIRMENT; URINE INCONTINENCE; VISUAL FIELD DEFECT;

EID: 70349937838     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp179     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (214)

References (121)
  • 1
    • 0036665290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemodynamic changes early in prodromal symptoms of vasovagal syncope
    • Alboni P, Dinelli M, Gruppillo P, Bondanelli M, Bettiol K, et al. Haemodynamic changes early in prodromal symptoms of vasovagal syncope. Europace 2002; 2: 333-338
    • (2002) Europace , vol.2 , pp. 333-338
    • Alboni, P.1    Dinelli, M.2    Gruppillo, P.3    Bondanelli, M.4    Bettiol, K.5
  • 2
    • 0023792793 scopus 로고
    • Electrocerebral accompaniments of syncope associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias
    • Aminoff MJ, Scheinman MM, Griffin JC, Herre JM. Electrocerebral accompaniments of syncope associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 791-796
    • (1988) Ann Intern Med , vol.108 , pp. 791-796
    • Aminoff, M.J.1    Scheinman, M.M.2    Griffin, J.C.3    Herre, J.M.4
  • 3
    • 32544448516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic electrocardiographic change induced by exercise in a patient with chronic autonomic failure
    • Asahina M, Hiraga A, Hayashi Y, Mizobuchi K, Sakakibara R, Lee K, et al. Ischemic electrocardiographic change induced by exercise in a patient with chronic autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 2006; 16: 72-75
    • (2006) Clin Auton Res , vol.16 , pp. 72-75
    • Asahina, M.1    Hiraga, A.2    Hayashi, Y.3    Mizobuchi, K.4    Sakakibara, R.5    Lee, K.6
  • 4
    • 33749277253 scopus 로고
    • On the vasodilatation in human skeletal muscle during post-haemorrhagic fainting
    • Barcroft H, Edholm OG. On the vasodilatation in human skeletal muscle during post-haemorrhagic fainting. J Physiol 1945; 104: 161-175
    • (1945) J Physiol , vol.104 , pp. 161-175
    • Barcroft, H.1    Edholm, O.G.2
  • 5
    • 50349124763 scopus 로고
    • Posthaemorrhagic fainting. Study by cardiac output and forearm flow
    • Barcroft H, Edholm OG, McMichael J, Sharpey-Schafer EP. Posthaemorrhagic fainting. Study by cardiac output and forearm flow. Lancet 1944; 489: 489-491
    • (1944) Lancet , vol.489 , pp. 489-491
    • Barcroft, H.1    Edholm, O.G.2    McMichael, J.3    Sharpey-Schafer, E.P.4
  • 6
    • 33745222479 scopus 로고
    • Effects on blood pressure of ventricular asystole during Stokes-Adams attacks and acetylcholine injections
    • Barlow ED, Howarth S. Effects on blood pressure of ventricular asystole during Stokes-Adams attacks and acetylcholine injections. Br Med J 1953; 2: 863-864
    • (1953) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 863-864
    • Barlow, E.D.1    Howarth, S.2
  • 8
    • 0024782325 scopus 로고
    • Epileptic seizures induced by syncopal attacks
    • Battaglia A, Guerrini R, Gastaut H. Epileptic seizures induced by syncopal attacks. J Epilepsy 1989; 2: 137-145
    • (1989) J Epilepsy , vol.2 , pp. 137-145
    • Battaglia, A.1    Guerrini, R.2    Gastaut, H.3
  • 9
    • 0007942909 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on human tolerance to accelerative stress. IV. Human tolerance to high positive G applied at a rate of 5 to 10G per second
    • Beckman EL, Duane TD, Ziegler JE, Hunter HN. Some observations on human tolerance to accelerative stress. IV. Human tolerance to high positive G applied at a rate of 5 to 10G per second. J Aviat Med 1954; 25: 50-66.
    • (1954) J Aviat Med , vol.25 , pp. 50-66
    • Beckman, E.L.1    Duane, T.D.2    Ziegler, J.E.3    Hunter, H.N.4
  • 11
    • 0028800679 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of subcutaneous microvascular blood flow during tilt table-induced neurally mediated syncope
    • Benditt DG, Chen MY, Hansen R, Buetikofer J, Lurie K. Characterization of subcutaneous microvascular blood flow during tilt table-induced neurally mediated syncope. J Am Col1 Curdiol 1995; 25: 70-75
    • (1995) J Am Col1 Curdiol , vol.25 , pp. 70-75
    • Benditt, D.G.1    Chen, M.Y.2    Hansen, R.3    Buetikofer, J.4    Lurie, K.5
  • 13
    • 0031015081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aura phenomena during syncope
    • Benke Th, Hochleitner M, Bauer G. Aura phenomena during syncope. Eur Neurol 1997; 37: 28-32.
    • (1997) Eur Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 28-32
    • Th, B.1    Hochleitner, M.2    Bauer, G.3
  • 14
    • 0031033639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex partial seizure provocation by vasovagal syncope: Video-EEG and intracranial electrode documentation
    • Bergey GK, Krumholz A, Fleming CP. Complex partial seizure provocation by vasovagal syncope: video-EEG and intracranial electrode documentation. Epilepsia 1997; 38: 118-121
    • (1997) Epilepsia , vol.38 , pp. 118-121
    • Bergey, G.K.1    Krumholz, A.2    Fleming, C.P.3
  • 15
    • 0004995513 scopus 로고
    • Experience of anoxia: Do reflex anoxic seizures resemble near-death experience
    • Blackmore S. Experience of anoxia: do reflex anoxic seizures resemble near-death experience. J Near-Death Stud 1988; 17: 111-119
    • (1988) J Near-Death Stud , vol.17 , pp. 111-119
    • Blackmore, S.1
  • 16
    • 85046497822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neck and other muscle pains in autonomic failure; Their association with orthostaitc hypotension
    • Bleasdale-Barr KM, Mathias CJ. Neck and other muscle pains in autonomic failure; their association with orthostaitc hypotension. J R Soc Med 1999; 91: 2355-2359
    • (1999) J R Soc Med , vol.91 , pp. 2355-2359
    • Bleasdale-Barr, K.M.1    Mathias, C.J.2
  • 17
    • 0015062157 scopus 로고
    • Cyanosis: Pathophysiology and differential diagnosis
    • Blount SG. Cyanosis: pathophysiology and differential diagnosis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1971; 13: 595-605.
    • (1971) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.13 , pp. 595-605
    • Blount, S.G.1
  • 18
  • 19
    • 0031401839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalography in syncope
    • Review
    • Brenner RP. Electroencephalography in syncope. Clin Neurophysiol 1997; 14: 197-209. [Review].
    • (1997) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.14 , pp. 197-209
    • Brenner, R.P.1
  • 23
    • 0028962734 scopus 로고
    • The value of clinical history in the differentiation of syncope due to ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular block, and neurocardiogenic syncope
    • Calkins H, Shyr Y, Frumin H, Schork A, Morady F. The value of clinical history in the differentiation of syncope due to ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular block, and neurocardiogenic syncope. Am J Med 1995; 98: 365-373
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , pp. 365-373
    • Calkins, H.1    Shyr, Y.2    Frumin, H.3    Schork, A.4    Morady, F.5
  • 24
    • 0034805630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide, critical closing pressure and cerebral haemodynamics prior to vasovagal syncope in humans
    • Carey BJ, Eames PJ, Panerai RB, Potter JF. Carbon dioxide, critical closing pressure and cerebral haemodynamics prior to vasovagal syncope in humans. Clin Sci 2001; 101: 351-358
    • (2001) Clin Sci , vol.101 , pp. 351-358
    • Carey, B.J.1    Eames, P.J.2    Panerai, R.B.3    Potter, J.F.4
  • 27
    • 0005827912 scopus 로고
    • Observations upon fainting attacks due to inhibitory cardiac impulses
    • Cotton TF, Lewis T. Observations upon fainting attacks due to inhibitory cardiac impulses. Heart 1918; 7: 23-34.
    • (1918) Heart , vol.7 , pp. 23-34
    • Cotton, T.F.1    Lewis, T.2
  • 28
    • 0030792131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medical therapy of cardioinhibitory syncope in pediatric patients
    • Deal BI, Strieper M, Scagliotti. The medical therapy of cardioinhibitory syncope in pediatric patients. PACE 1997; 20: 1759-61.
    • (1997) PACE , vol.20 , pp. 1759-1761
    • Deal, B.I.1    Strieper, M.2    Scagliotti3
  • 30
  • 32
    • 70349963739 scopus 로고
    • The effect on blood pressure in the right heart, pulmonary artery and systemic artery of cardiac standstill produced by carotid sinus stimulation
    • Dowling CV, Smith WW, Berger AR, Albert RE. The effect on blood pressure in the right heart, pulmonary artery and systemic artery of cardiac standstill produced by carotid sinus stimulation. Circulation 1952; 5: 742-746
    • (1952) Circulation , vol.5 , pp. 742-746
    • Dowling, C.V.1    Smith, W.W.2    Berger, A.R.3    Albert, R.E.4
  • 33
    • 8644246091 scopus 로고
    • The Valsalva maneuver in the study of syncope
    • Duvoisin RC. The Valsalva maneuver in the study of syncope. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1961; 13: 622-626
    • (1961) Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol , vol.13 , pp. 622-626
    • Duvoisin, R.C.1
  • 34
    • 0001156006 scopus 로고
    • Convulsive syncope induced by the Weber maneuver
    • Duvoisin RC. Convulsive syncope induced by the Weber maneuver. Arch Neurol 1962; 7: 219-226
    • (1962) Arch Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 219-226
    • Duvoisin, R.C.1
  • 35
    • 9844229192 scopus 로고
    • Physiological changes during fainting
    • Wolstenholme GEW, editor London, UK: Churchill
    • Edholm OG. Physiological changes during fainting. In: Wolstenholme GEW, editor. Visceral circulation. London, UK: Churchill; 1952. p. 256-267
    • (1952) Visceral Circulation , pp. 256-267
    • Edholm, O.G.1
  • 36
    • 0028239849 scopus 로고
    • Combined head-up tilt and lower body suction: A test of orthostatic tolerance
    • El-Bedawi KM, Hainsworth R. Combined head-up tilt and lower body suction: a test of orthostatic tolerance. Clin Auton Res 1994; 4: 41-47
    • (1994) Clin Auton Res , vol.4 , pp. 41-47
    • El-Bedawi, K.M.1    Hainsworth, R.2
  • 38
    • 84941812871 scopus 로고
    • Vasodepressor and carotid sinus syncope, Clinical, electroencephalographic observations
    • Engel GL, Romano J, McLin TR. Vasodepressor and carotid sinus syncope. Clinical, electroencephalographic observations. Arch Intern Med 1944; 74: 101-119
    • (1944) Arch Intern Med , vol.74 , pp. 101-119
    • Engel, G.L.1    Romano, J.2    McLin, T.R.3
  • 39
    • 33745212826 scopus 로고
    • Apnea or convulsions following standstill of the heart
    • Formijne P. Apnea or convulsions following standstill of the heart. Am Heart J 1938; 15: 129-145
    • (1938) Am Heart J , vol.15 , pp. 129-145
    • Formijne, P.1
  • 40
    • 0023943780 scopus 로고
    • Recovery from Gz-induced loss of consciousness: Psychophysiologic considerations
    • Forster EM, Whinnery JE. Recovery from Gz-induced loss of consciousness: psychophysiologic considerations. Aviat Space Environ Med 1988; 59: 517-522
    • (1988) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.59 , pp. 517-522
    • Forster, E.M.1    Whinnery, J.E.2
  • 41
    • 0000727511 scopus 로고
    • Syncopes: Generalized anoxic cerebral seizures
    • Magnus O, Haas AM, editors Amsterdam: North Holland
    • Gastaut H. Syncopes: generalized anoxic cerebral seizures. In: Magnus O, Haas AM, editors. Handbook of clinical neurology. Vol.15. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1974. p. 815-836
    • (1974) Handbook of Clinical Neurology , vol.15 , pp. 815-836
    • Gastaut, H.1
  • 42
    • 49749207860 scopus 로고
    • Electro-encephalographic study of syncope: Its difference from epilepsy
    • Gastaut H, Fischer-Williams M. Electro-encephalographic study of syncope: its difference from epilepsy. Lancet 1957; 2: 1018-1025
    • (1957) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1018-1025
    • Gastaut, H.1    Fischer-Williams, M.2
  • 43
    • 4344674191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of age and blood pressure on the lower arterial pressure limit for maintenance of consciousness during passive upright posture in healthy vasovagal fainters: Preliminary observations
    • Giese AE, Li V, McKnite S, Sakaguchi S, Ermis C, Samniah N, et al. Impact of age and blood pressure on the lower arterial pressure limit for maintenance of consciousness during passive upright posture in healthy vasovagal fainters: preliminary observations. Europace 2004; 6: 457-462
    • (2004) Europace , vol.6 , pp. 457-462
    • Giese, A.E.1    Li, V.2    McKnite, S.3    Sakaguchi, S.4    Ermis, C.5    Samniah, N.6
  • 44
    • 0035052980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of patients with vasovagal reactions presenting as unexplained syncope
    • Graham LA, Kenny RA. Clinical characteristics of patients with vasovagal reactions presenting as unexplained syncope. Europace 2001; 3: 141-146
    • (2001) Europace , vol.3 , pp. 141-146
    • Graham, L.A.1    Kenny, R.A.2
  • 45
    • 0013343671 scopus 로고
    • An emotional faint
    • Greenfield AD. An emotional faint. Lancet 1951; 6668: 1302-1303
    • (1951) Lancet , vol.6668 , pp. 1302-1303
    • Greenfield, A.D.1
  • 47
    • 8644263005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of syncope. [Review]
    • Hainsworth R. Pathophysiology of syncope. [Review]. Clin Auton Res 2004; 14 (Suppl 1): 18-24.
    • (2004) Clin Auton Res , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL 1 , pp. 18-24
    • Hainsworth, R.1
  • 48
    • 0001621574 scopus 로고
    • Factors maintaining cerebral circulation during gravitational stress
    • Henry JP, Gauer OH, Kety SS, Kramer K. Factors maintaining cerebral circulation during gravitational stress. J Clin Invest 1951; 30: 292-300.
    • (1951) J Clin Invest , vol.30 , pp. 292-300
    • Henry, J.P.1    Gauer, O.H.2    Kety, S.S.3    Kramer, K.4
  • 49
    • 70349960809 scopus 로고
    • Maladie de Stokes-Adams avec pauses ventriculaires de tres long durees
    • Hermann H, Froment R, Gonin A. Maladie de Stokes-Adams avec pauses ventriculaires de tres long durees. Arch Mal Coeur 1937; 30: 753.
    • (1937) Arch Mal Coeur , vol.30 , pp. 753
    • Hermann, H.1    Froment, R.2    Gonin, A.3
  • 50
    • 0012054529 scopus 로고
    • Plasma catecholamine and electroencephalographic responses to acute postural change
    • Hickler RB, Wells RE, Tyler HR, Hamlin JT. Plasma catecholamine and electroencephalographic responses to acute postural change. Am J Med 1959; 26: 410-422
    • (1959) Am J Med , vol.26 , pp. 410-422
    • Hickler, R.B.1    Wells, R.E.2    Tyler, H.R.3    Hamlin, J.T.4
  • 51
    • 0026093276 scopus 로고
    • Transient loss of consciousness: The value of the history for distinguishing seizure from syncope
    • Hoefnagels WAJ, Padberg GW, Overweg J, van der Velde EA, Roos RAC. Transient loss of consciousness: the value of the history for distinguishing seizure from syncope. J Neurol 1991; 238: 39-43.
    • (1991) J Neurol , vol.238 , pp. 39-43
    • Hoefnagels, W.A.J.1    Padberg, G.W.2    Overweg, J.3    Van Der Velde, E.A.4    Roos, R.A.C.5
  • 52
    • 28444461793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anoxic-epileptic seizures: Observational study of epileptic seizures induced by syncopes
    • Horrocks IA, Nechay A, Stephenson JBP, Zuberi SM. Anoxic-epileptic seizures: observational study of epileptic seizures induced by syncopes. Arch Dis Childhood 2005; 90: 1283-1287
    • (2005) Arch Dis Childhood , vol.90 , pp. 1283-1287
    • Horrocks, I.A.1    Nechay, A.2    Stephenson, J.B.P.3    Zuberi, S.M.4
  • 54
    • 12744263340 scopus 로고
    • Types of orthostatic hypotension and their treatment
    • Jeffers WA, Montgomery H, Burton AC. Types of orthostatic hypotension and their treatment. Am J Med Sci 1941; 202: 1-14.
    • (1941) Am J Med Sci , vol.202 , pp. 1-14
    • Jeffers, W.A.1    Montgomery, H.2    Burton, A.C.3
  • 56
    • 0009486529 scopus 로고
    • Vasodepressor syncope: EEG and circulatory changes
    • Karp HR, Weissler AM, Heyman AM. Vasodepressor syncope: EEG and circulatory changes. Arch Neurol 1961; 5: 94-101.
    • (1961) Arch Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 94-101
    • Karp, H.R.1    Weissler, A.M.2    Heyman, A.M.3
  • 57
    • 0026091296 scopus 로고
    • Carotid sinus syndrome-clinical characteristics in elderly patients
    • Kenny RA, Traynor G. Carotid sinus syndrome-clinical characteristics in elderly patients. Age Ageing 1991; 20: 449-454.
    • (1991) Age Ageing , vol.20 , pp. 449-454
    • Kenny, R.A.1    Traynor, G.2
  • 59
    • 0002140254 scopus 로고
    • The physiological basis of blackout as it occurs in aviators
    • Lambert EH. The physiological basis of "blackout" as it occurs in aviators. Fed Proc 1945; 4: 43.
    • (1945) Fed Proc , vol.4 , pp. 43
    • Lambert, E.H.1
  • 60
    • 0000587851 scopus 로고
    • The problem of blackout and unconsciousness in aviators
    • Lambert EH, Wood EH. The problem of blackout and unconsciousness in aviators. Med Clin North Am 1946; 30: 833-844
    • (1946) Med Clin North Am , vol.30 , pp. 833-844
    • Lambert, E.H.1    Wood, E.H.2
  • 61
    • 0027983548 scopus 로고
    • Syncope: A videometric analysis of 56 episodes of transient cerebral hypoxia
    • Lempert T, Bauer M, Schmidt D. Syncope: a videometric analysis of 56 episodes of transient cerebral hypoxia. Ann Neurol 1994a; 36: 233-237
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 233-237
    • Lempert, T.1    Bauer, M.2    Schmidt, D.3
  • 62
    • 0027932284 scopus 로고
    • Syncope and near-death experience
    • Lempert T, Bauer M, Schmidt D. Syncope and near-death experience. Lancet 1994b; 344: 829.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 829
    • Lempert, T.1    Bauer, M.2    Schmidt, D.3
  • 63
    • 0030036965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing syncope: Pitfalls and surprises
    • Lempert T. Recognizing syncope: pitfalls and surprises. J R Soc Med 1996; 89: 372-375
    • (1996) J R Soc Med , vol.89 , pp. 372-375
    • Lempert, T.1
  • 64
    • 0029978041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The eye movements of syncope
    • Lempert T, von Brevern M. The eye movements of syncope. Neurology 1996; 46: 1086-1088
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1086-1088
    • Lempert, T.1    Von Brevern, M.2
  • 65
    • 84965348278 scopus 로고
    • Vasovagal syncope and the carotid sinus mechanism
    • Lewis T. Vasovagal syncope and the carotid sinus mechanism. Br Med J 1932; 1: 873-876
    • (1932) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 873-876
    • Lewis, T.1
  • 67
    • 0032497276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex demodulation of cardiorespiratory dynamics preceding vasovagal syncope
    • Lipsitz LA, Hayano J, Sakata S, Okada A, Morin RJ. Complex demodulation of cardiorespiratory dynamics preceding vasovagal syncope. Circulation 1998; 98: 977-983
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 977-983
    • Lipsitz, L.A.1    Hayano, J.2    Sakata, S.3    Okada, A.4    Morin, R.J.5
  • 69
    • 0013165667 scopus 로고
    • Manifestations of brief instantaneous anoxia in man
    • Luft UC, Noell WK. Manifestations of brief instantaneous anoxia in man. J Appl Physiol 1956; 8: 444-454
    • (1956) J Appl Physiol , vol.8 , pp. 444-454
    • Luft, U.C.1    Noell, W.K.2
  • 70
    • 0024212082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignant vasovagal syncope: Prolonged asystole provoked by head-up tilt test
    • Maloney J, Jaeger F, Fouad-Tarazi F, Morris H. Malignant vasovagal syncope: prolonged asystole provoked by head-up tilt test. Cleve Clin J Med 1998; 5: 542-548
    • (1998) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.5 , pp. 542-548
    • Maloney, J.1    Jaeger, F.2    Fouad-Tarazi, F.3    Morris, H.4
  • 72
    • 0032714106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms associated with orthostatic hypotension in pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy
    • Mathias CJ, Mallipeddi R, Bleasdale-Barr K. Symptoms associated with orthostatic hypotension in pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol 1999; 246: 893-898
    • (1999) J Neurol , vol.246 , pp. 893-898
    • Mathias, C.J.1    Mallipeddi, R.2    Bleasdale-Barr, K.3
  • 73
    • 0014382120 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of graded hypovolemia and vasodepressor syncope induced by lower body negative pressure
    • Murray RH, Thompson LJ, Bowers JA, Albright CD. Hemodynamic effects of graded hypovolemia and vasodepressor syncope induced by lower body negative pressure. Am Heart J 1968; 76: 799-811.
    • (1968) Am Heart J , vol.76 , pp. 799-811
    • Murray, R.H.1    Thompson, L.J.2    Bowers, J.A.3    Albright, C.D.4
  • 74
    • 0014768266 scopus 로고
    • Cardio-respiratory events preceding syncope induced by a combination of lower body negative pressure and head-up tilt
    • Newburry PD, Hatch AW, McDonald JM. Cardio-respiratory events preceding syncope induced by a combination of lower body negative pressure and head-up tilt. Aerosp Med 1970; 41: 373-378
    • (1970) Aerosp Med , vol.41 , pp. 373-378
    • Newburry, P.D.1    Hatch, A.W.2    McDonald, J.M.3
  • 75
    • 0035683247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of 178 consecutive vasovagal syncopal reactions from the perspective of safety
    • Newman BH, Graves S. A study of 178 consecutive vasovagal syncopal reactions from the perspective of safety. Transfusion 2001; 41: 1475-1479
    • (2001) Transfusion , vol.41 , pp. 1475-1479
    • Newman, B.H.1    Graves, S.2
  • 76
    • 41849088859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced vascular responses to hypocapnia in neurally mediated syncope
    • Norcliffe-Kaufmann LJ, Kaufmann H, Hainsworth R. Enhanced vascular responses to hypocapnia in neurally mediated syncope. Ann Neurol 2008; 63: 288-294
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 288-294
    • Norcliffe-Kaufmann, L.J.1    Kaufmann, H.2    Hainsworth, R.3
  • 77
    • 20344380906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amnesia for loss of consciousness in patients with carotid sinus syndrome: Implications for presentations with falls
    • Parry SW, Steen IN, Baptist M, Kenny RA. Amnesia for loss of consciousness in patients with carotid sinus syndrome: implications for presentations with falls. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 1840-1843
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 1840-1843
    • Parry, S.W.1    Steen, I.N.2    Baptist, M.3    Kenny, R.A.4
  • 78
    • 0030898603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged asystole induced by head up tilt test. Report of four cases and brief review of the prognostic significance and medical management
    • Pentousis D, Cooper JP, Cobbe SM. Prolonged asystole induced by head up tilt test. Report of four cases and brief review of the prognostic significance and medical management. Heart 1997; 77: 273-275
    • (1997) Heart , vol.77 , pp. 273-275
    • Pentousis, D.1    Cooper, J.P.2    Cobbe, S.M.3
  • 79
    • 0014527983 scopus 로고
    • The Stokes-Adams syndrome
    • Pomerantz B, O?Rourke RA. The Stokes-Adams syndrome. Am J Med 1969; 46: 941-960
    • (1969) Am J Med , vol.46 , pp. 941-960
    • Pomerantz, B.1    Orourke, R.A.2
  • 80
    • 0023727919 scopus 로고
    • The near-death experience
    • Roberts G, Owen J. The near-death experience. Br J Psychiatry 1988; 153: 607-617
    • (1988) Br J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 607-617
    • Roberts, G.1    Owen, J.2
  • 81
    • 0028131335 scopus 로고
    • The head and neck discomfort of autonomic failure: An unrecognized aetiology of headache
    • Robertson D, Wade Kincaid D, Halle V, Robertson RM. The head and neck discomfort of autonomic failure: an unrecognized aetiology of headache. Clin Auton Res 1994; 4: 99-103.
    • (1994) Clin Auton Res , vol.4 , pp. 99-103
    • Robertson, D.1    Wade Kincaid, D.2    Halle, V.3    Robertson, R.M.4
  • 82
    • 0023839906 scopus 로고
    • Why does vasodilatation occur during syncope
    • Robinson BJ, Johnson RH. Why does vasodilatation occur during syncope. Clin Sci 1988; 74: 347-350
    • (1988) Clin Sci , vol.74 , pp. 347-350
    • Robinson, B.J.1    Johnson, R.H.2
  • 85
    • 0020568848 scopus 로고
    • Critical perfusion of brain and retina
    • Ross Russell RW, Page GR. Critical perfusion of brain and retina. Brain 1983; 106: 419-434
    • (1983) Brain , vol.106 , pp. 419-434
    • Ross Russell, R.W.1    Page, G.R.2
  • 88
    • 0345006600 scopus 로고
    • Current practices in general medicine, 22 Orthostatic hypotension
    • Schirger A, Hines EA, Molnar GD, Thomas JE. Current practices in general medicine. 22 Orthostatic hypotension. Mayo Clin Proc 1961; 36: 239-246
    • (1961) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.36 , pp. 239-246
    • Schirger, A.1    Hines, E.A.2    Molnar, G.D.3    Thomas, J.E.4
  • 89
    • 0004834936 scopus 로고
    • Emergencies in general practice. Syncope
    • Sharpey-Schafer EP. Emergencies in general practice. Syncope. Br Med J 1956; 1: 506-509
    • (1956) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 506-509
    • Sharpey-Schafer, E.P.1
  • 90
  • 91
    • 0031827966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic findings during presyncope and syncope induced by tilt table testing
    • Sheldon RS, Koshman ML, Murphy WF. Electroencephalographic findings during presyncope and syncope induced by tilt table testing. Can J Cardiol 1998; 14: 811-816
    • (1998) Can J Cardiol , vol.14 , pp. 811-816
    • Sheldon, R.S.1    Koshman, M.L.2    Murphy, W.F.3
  • 93
    • 0033567376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiological basis of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure [Review]
    • Smit AAJ, Halliwill JR, Low PA, Wieling W. Pathophysiological basis of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure [Review]. J Physiol 1999; 519: 1-10.
    • (1999) J Physiol , vol.519 , pp. 1-10
    • Smit, A.A.J.1    Halliwill, J.R.2    Low, P.A.3    Wieling, W.4
  • 97
    • 0013877001 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular dynamics during orthostasis and the influence of intravascular instrumentation
    • Stevens PM. Cardiovascular dynamics during orthostasis and the influence of intravascular instrumentation. Am J Cardiol 1966; 17: 211-218
    • (1966) Am J Cardiol , vol.17 , pp. 211-218
    • Stevens, P.M.1
  • 99
    • 0032971763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasovagal syncope: Prevalence and presentation. An algorithm of management in the aviation environment
    • Sutton R. Vasovagal syncope: prevalence and presentation. An algorithm of management in the aviation environment. Europ Heart J Suppl 1999; 1: D109-13.
    • (1999) Europ Heart J Suppl , vol.1
    • Sutton, R.1
  • 100
    • 0018844483 scopus 로고
    • Preservation of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in autonomic failure
    • Thomas DJ, Bannister R. Preservation of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in autonomic failure. J Neurol Sci 1980; 44: 205-212
    • (1980) J Neurol Sci , vol.44 , pp. 205-212
    • Thomas, D.J.1    Bannister, R.2
  • 105
    • 0141717974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fainting in animals [Review]
    • van Dijk JG. Fainting in animals [Review]. Clin Auton Res 2003; 13: 247-255
    • (2003) Clin Auton Res , vol.13 , pp. 247-255
    • Van Dijk, J.G.1
  • 106
    • 0035110305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological treatment of malignant vasovagal syncope due to bloodphobia
    • Van Dijk N, Velzeboer SC, Destree-Vonk A, Linzer M, Wieling W. Psychological treatment of malignant vasovagal syncope due to bloodphobia. PACE 2001; 24: 122-124
    • (2001) PACE , vol.24 , pp. 122-124
    • Van Dijk, N.1    Velzeboer, S.C.2    Destree-Vonk, A.3    Linzer, M.4    Wieling, W.5
  • 108
    • 35348900833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of age on the vasovagal response provoked by sublingual nitroglycerine in routine tilt testing
    • Verheyden B, Gisolf J, Beckers F, Karemaker JM, Wesseling KH, Aubert AE, et al. Impact of age on the vasovagal response provoked by sublingual nitroglycerine in routine tilt testing. Clin Sci 2007; 113: 329-337
    • (2007) Clin Sci , vol.113 , pp. 329-337
    • Verheyden, B.1    Gisolf, J.2    Beckers, F.3    Karemaker, J.M.4    Wesseling, K.H.5    Aubert, A.E.6
  • 109
    • 0000906223 scopus 로고
    • Syncope: Physiological observations and analysis of the clinical characteristics in 510 patients
    • Wayne HH. Syncope: physiological observations and analysis of the clinical characteristics in 510 patients. Am J Med 1961; 30: 418-438
    • (1961) Am J Med , vol.30 , pp. 418-438
    • Wayne, H.H.1
  • 110
    • 84931667443 scopus 로고
    • Syncope and related syndromes
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Weiss S. Syncope and related syndromes. Christian?s Oxford Medicine. Vol.2. New York: Oxford University Press; 1935. p. 250(9)-250(66).
    • (1935) Christian?s Oxford Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 2509-25066
    • Weiss, S.1
  • 111
    • 0000948272 scopus 로고
    • The carotid sinus reflex in health and disease
    • Weiss S, Baker J. The carotid sinus reflex in health and disease. Medicine 1933; 12: 297-354.
    • (1933) Medicine , vol.12 , pp. 297-354
    • Weiss, S.1    Baker, J.2
  • 112
    • 0013687266 scopus 로고
    • The nature of circulatory collapse induced by sodium nitrate
    • Weiss S, Wilkins RW, Haynes FW. The nature of circulatory collapse induced by sodium nitrate. J Clin Invest 1937; 16: 73-84.
    • (1937) J Clin Invest , vol.16 , pp. 73-84
    • Weiss, S.1    Wilkins, R.W.2    Haynes, F.W.3
  • 114
    • 70349957326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syncope and the eye
    • Carcia-Covera R, Barón-Esquivias G, Blanc JJ, Brignole M, Moya i Mitans A, Ruiz-Granell R, et al. editors Oxford: Blackwell Futura
    • Wieling W, Khurana RS. Syncope and the eye. In: Carcia-Covera R, Baró n-Esquivias G, Blanc JJ, Brignole M, Moya i Mitans A, Ruiz-Granell R, et al. editors. Syncope cases. Oxford: Blackwell Futura; 2006. p. 74-75
    • (2006) Syncope Cases , pp. 74-75
    • Wieling, W.1    Khurana, R.S.2
  • 117
    • 0027494117 scopus 로고
    • The opticographic nerve: Eye-level anatomic relationships within the central nervous system
    • Whinnery JA, Shender BS. The opticographic nerve: eye-level anatomic relationships within the central nervous system. Aviat Space Environm Med 1993; 952-954
    • (1993) Aviat Space Environm Med , pp. 952-954
    • Whinnery, J.A.1    Shender, B.S.2
  • 118
    • 0025351357 scopus 로고
    • Acceleration-induced loss of conscousness
    • Whinnery JE, Whinnery AM. Acceleration-induced loss of conscousness. Arch Neurol 1990; 47: 764-776.
    • (1990) Arch Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 764-776
    • Whinnery, J.E.1    Whinnery, A.M.2
  • 119
    • 0033745339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of G-LOC by beat-to-beat detection of zero pressure at brain level
    • Wood EH. Prevention of G-LOC by beat-to-beat detection of zero pressure at brain level. Aviat Space Environ Med 2000; 71: 1167-1168
    • (2000) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.71 , pp. 1167-1168
    • Wood, E.H.1
  • 121
    • 0032969718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual symptoms and G-LOC in the operational environment and during centrifuge training of Turkish jet pilots
    • Yilmaz U, Cetinguc M, Akin A. Visual symptoms and G-LOC in the operational environment and during centrifuge training of Turkish jet pilots. Aviat Space Environ Med 1999; 70: 709-712
    • (1999) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.70 , pp. 709-712
    • Yilmaz, U.1    Cetinguc, M.2    Akin, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.