The influence of nucleus density on optical properties in nucleated isotactic polypropylene

European Polymer Journal

Volumn 45, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 3138-3148

  Menyhárd, Alfréd ^a,b   Gahleitner, Markus ^c   Varga, József ^a,b   Bernreitner, Klaus ^c   Jääskeläinen, Pirjo ^d   Øysæd, Harry ^e   Pukánszky, Béla ^a,b  

^a BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS   (Hungary)

^b CHEMICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (Hungary)

^c BOREALIS POLYOLEFINE GMBH   (Austria)

^d BOREALIS POLYMERS OY   (Finland)

^e NORNER AS   (Norway)

Author keywords

Crystalline structure; Haze; Nucleation; Nucleus density; Optical properties; Polypropylene

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE; HAZE; HOMOPOLYMERS; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; LITERATURE DATA; MICROCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES; NUCLEATING AGENTS; NUCLEATION EFFICIENCY; NUCLEUS DENSITY; POLARIZED LIGHT; SCANNING ELECTRONS; SEM; SMALL CONCENTRATION; THERMAL ANALYSIS; VINYLCYCLOHEXANE;

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CLARIFIERS; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; INJECTION MOLDING; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NUCLEATION; PLASTIC PRODUCTS; POLYPROPYLENES; STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES; THERMOANALYSIS; THERMOPLASTICS;

OPTICAL PROPERTIES;

EID: 70349857700     PISSN: 00143057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.08.006     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. In: Moore E.P. (Ed). Polypropylene handbook: polymerization, characterization, properties, processing, applications (1996), Hanser-Gardner Publications, Cincinnati
2. Varga J. Crystallization, melting and supermolecular structure of isotactic polypropylene. In: Karger-Kocsis J. (Ed) (1995), Chapmann & Hall, London 56-115
3. Varga J. Supermolecular structure of isotactic polypropylene. J Mater Sci 27 10 (1992) 2557-2579
4. Padden F.J., and Keith H.D. Spherulitic crystallization in polypropylene. J Appl Phys 30 (1959) 1479-1484
5. Lotz B., Wittmann J.J., and Lovinger A.J. Structure and morphology of poly(propylenes): a molecular analysis. Polymer 37 (1996) 4979-4992
6. Varga J. Beta-modification of isotactic polypropylene: preparation, structure, processing, properties, and application. J Macromol Sci Phys B41 4-6 (2002) 1121-1171
7. Fujiyama M. Higher order structure of injection-molded polypropylene. In: Karger-Kocsis J. (Ed) (1995), Chapmann & Hall, London 167-204
8. Bai H.W., Wang Y., Song B., Li Y.L., and Liu L. Detecting crystallization structure evolution of polypropylene injection-molded bar induced by nucleating agent. Polym Eng Sci 48 8 (2008) 1532-1541
9. Pantani R., Coccorullo I., Speranza V., and Titomanlio G. Modeling of morphology evolution in the injection molding process of thermoplastic polymers. Prog Polym Sci 30 12 (2005) 1185-1222
10. Varga J, Mudra I, Ehrenstein GW. Morphology and properties of beta-nucleated injection molded isotactic polypropylene. SPE, Technical Papers 1998;44(3):3492-6.
11. Mitsuishi K. Polypropylene, nucleating agents. In: Salamone J.C. (Ed) (1996), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA 6602-6609
12. Sterzynski T. Nucleation by additives in semi-crystalline polymers: effects on mechanical behavior. In: Brostow W. (Ed) (2000), Hanser Publ., Munich 254-282
13. Mai K., Wang K., Han Z., and Zeng H. Study on the thermal stability of heterogeneous nucleation effect of polypropylene nucleated by different nucleating agents. J Appl Polym Sci 83 8 (2002) 1643-1650
14. Menczel J., and Varga J. Influence of nucleating-agents on crystallization of polypropylene. 1. Talc as a nucleating-agent. J Therm Anal 28 1 (1983) 161-174
15. Jang G.S., Cho W.J., and Ha C.S. Crystallization behavior of polypropylene with or without sodium benzoate as a nucleating agent. J Polym Sci Pt B-Polym Phys 39 10 (2001) 1001-1016
16. Pukánszky B., Mudra I., and Staniek P. Relation of crystalline structure and mechanical properties of nucleated polypropylene. J Vinyl Addit Technol 3 1 (1997) 53-57
17. Dong M., Guo Z.X., Su Z.Q., and Yu J. Study of the crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene with sodium benzoate as a specific versatile nucleating agent. J Polym Sci Pt B-Polym Phys 46 12 (2008) 1183-1192
18. Sterzynski T., Lambla M., Crozier H., and Thomas M. Structure and properties of nucleated random and block-copolymers of propylene. Adv Polym Technol 13 1 (1994) 25-36
19. Marco C., Gómez M.A., Ellis G., and Arribas J.M. Highly efficient nucleating additive for isotactic polypropylene studied by differential scanning calorimetry. J Appl Polym Sci 84 9 (2002) 1669-1679
20. Gui Q., Zhong X., Zhu W., and Dai G. Effects of an organic phosphorus nucleating agent on crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of poly(propylene). J Appl Polym Sci 88 2 (2003) 297-301
21. Thierry A., Fillon B., Straupé C., Lotz B., and Wittmann J. Polymer nucleating agents: efficiency scale and impact of physical gelation. Progr Colloid Polym Sci 87 (1992) 28-31
22. Marco C., Ellis G., Gomez M.A., and Arribas G.M. Analysis of the dynamic crystallisation of isotactic polypropylene/alpha-nucleating agent systems by DSC. J Therm Anal Calorim 68 1 (2002) 61-74
23. Marco C., Ellis G., Gomez M.A., and Arribas J.M. Comparative study of the nucleation activity of third-generation sorbitol-based nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 84 13 (2002) 2440-2450
24. Kristiansen M., Werner M., Tervoort T., Smith P., Blomenhofer M., and Schmidt H.W. The binary system isotactic polypropylene/bis(3, 4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol: Phase behavior, nucleation, and optical properties. Macromolecules 36 14 (2003) 5150-5156
25. Alcazar D., Ruan J.R., Thierry A., Kawaguchi A., and Lotz B. Polysynthetic twinning in poly (vinylcyclohexane) single crystals and "fractional" secondary nucleation in polymer crystal growth. Macromolecules 39 3 (2006) 1008-1019
26. Rishina L.A., Galashina N.M., Nedorezova P.M., Klyamkina A.N., Aladyshev A.M., Tsvetkova V.I., et al. Homo- and copolymerization of vinylcyclohexane with alpha-olefins in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic systems. Polym Sci Ser A 48 1 (2006) 18-25
27. Olley R.H., and Bassett D.C. An improved permanganic etchant for polyolefines. Polymer 23 12 (1982) 1707-1710
28. Balzano L., Rastogi S., and Peters G.W.M. Flow induced crystallization in isotactic polypropylene - 1, 3: 2, 4-bis(3, 4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol blends: implications on morphology of shear and phase separation. Macromolecules 41 2 (2008) 399-408
29. Lamberti G. A direct way to determine iPP density nucleation from DSC isothermal measurements. Polym Bull 52 6 (2004) 443-449
30. Hoffman J.D., Davis G.T., and Lauritzen J.I. Treatise on solid state chemistry. In: Hannay N.B. (Ed) (1976), Plenum press, New York 497-614
31. Willmouth F.M. Transparency, translucency and gloss. In: Meeten G.H. (Ed) (1986), Elsevier, London-New York Chapter 5
32. Wunderlich B. Vol. 2 - Crystal nucleation growth annealing. Macromolecular physics (1979), Academic Press, London