Analysis of the anatomic changes of the aging facial skeleton using computer-assisted tomography

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 382-386

  Richard, Michael J ^a   Morris, Carrie ^a   Deen, Byron F ^a   Gray, Linda ^a   Woodward, Julie A ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANATOMY; ARTICLE; BONE AGE; BONE REMODELING; CHEEK; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORNEA; FACIAL BONE; FEMALE; GLABELLA; HUMAN; LOWER EYELID; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MAXILLA; MUSCLE MASS; ORBIT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYRIFORM APERTURE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKULL; SOFT TISSUE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGING; BONE REMODELING; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; MALE; MAXILLA; MIDDLE AGED; ORBIT; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; YOUNG ADULT; ZYGOMA;

EID: 70349757168     PISSN: 07409303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3181b2f766     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Carlson DS. Craniofacial Growth During Adolescence. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 1987.
2. Farakas LG. Anthropometry of the Head and Face. New York, NY: Raven Press, 1994.
3. Behrents RG. Growth in the Aging Craniofacial Skeleton. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 1985.
4. Thompson DW. On Growth and Form. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
5. Gosain AK, Klein MH, Sudhakar PV, Prost RW. A volumetric analysis of soft-tissue changes in the aging midface using high-resolution MRI: implications for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005;115:1143-52; discussion 1153-1155 (Pubitemid 40470211)
6. Hamra ST. The role of orbital fat preservation in facial aesthetic surgery. A new concept. Clin Plast Surg 1996;23:17-28.
7. Jelks GW, Jelks EB. The influence of orbital and eyelid anatomy on the palpebral aperture. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:183-195
8. Furnas DW. Festoons, mounds, and bags of the eyelids and cheek. Clin Plast Surg 1993;20:367-385
9. Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical implications for cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:2219-27; discussion 2228-2231
10. Shaw RB Jr, Kahn DM. Aging of the midface bony elements: a three-dimensional computed tomographic study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:675-81; discussion 682-683
11. Bjork A, Helm S. Prediction of the age of maximum pubertal growth in body weight. Angle Orthod 1967;37:134-143
12. Graber TM. Orthodontics: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company, 1969.
13. Krogman WM. Principles of human growth. Ciba Found Symp 1943;5:1458-1466
14. Humphrey GM. A Treatise on the Human Skeleton. Cambridge, England: MacMillan, 1858.
15. Enlow DH. The Human Face: An Account of the Postnatal Growth and Development of the Craniofacial Skeleton. New York, NY: Harper and Row Publishers, 1968.
16. Enlow DH. Handbook of Facial Growth. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company, 1982.
17. Pessa JE. An algorithm of facial aging: verification of Lambros's theory by three-dimensional stereolithography, with reference to the pathogenesis of midfacial aging, scleral show, and the lateral suborbital trough deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;106:479-488 (Pubitemid 30640478)
18. Pessa JE, Zadoo VP, Mutimer KL, et al. Relative maxillary retrusion as a natural consequence of aging: combining skeletal and soft-tissue changes into an integrated model of midfacial aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102:205-212
19. Pessa JE. The potential role of stereolithography in the study of facial aging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:117-120 (Pubitemid 33601917)
20. Goldberg RA, Relan A, Hoenig J. Relationship of the eye to the bony orbit, with clinical correlations. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1999;27:398-403. (Pubitemid 30040163)
21. Pessa JE, Desvigne LD, Lambros VS, et al. Changes in ocular globe-to-orbital rim position with age: implications for aesthetic blepharoplasty of the lower eyelids. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1999;23:337-342
22. Jelks GW, Jelks EB. Preoperative evaluation of the blepharoplasty patient. Bypassing the pitfalls. Clin Plast Surg 1993;20:213-23; discussion 224.
23. Hamra ST. Frequent facelift sequelae: hollow eyes and the lateral sweep: cause and repair. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102:1658-1666
24. Flowers RS, Flowers SS. Precision planning in blepharoplasty. The importance of preoperative mapping. Clin Plast Surg 1993;20:303-310
25. Hamra ST. Arcus marginalis release and orbital fat preservation in midface rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;96:354-362
26. Hamra ST. The role of orbital fat preservation in facial aesthetic surgery. A new concept. Clin Plast Surg 1996;23:17-28.