메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 391-401

A new ethics of psychiatry: Neuroethics, neuroscience, and technology

Author keywords

Ethics; Neuro enchancement; Neuroethics; Neuroimaging; Neurotechnology; Psychiatric diagnosis; Psychiatric ethics

Indexed keywords

BIOETHICS; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN RADIOGRAPHY; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; NEUROETHICS; NEUROIMAGING; NEURORADIOLOGY; NEUROSCIENCE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHILOSOPHY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHOLOGY; REVIEW; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 70349738018     PISSN: 15274160     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.pra.0000361279.11210.14     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (13)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0036828963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging ethical issues in neuroscience
    • Farah MJ. Emerging ethical issues in neuroscience. Nat Neurosci 2002;5:1123-1129
    • (2002) Nat Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1123-1129
    • Farah, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 1842581855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Just treat, or enhance?
    • Kennedy D. Just treat, or enhance? Science. 2004;304 (5667):17.
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , Issue.5667 , pp. 17
    • Kennedy, D.1
  • 4
    • 34347241735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duped: Can brain scans uncover lies?
    • July 02
    • Talbot M. Duped: Can brain scans uncover lies? New Yorker July 02, 2007:52-61.
    • (2007) New Yorker , pp. 52-61
    • Talbot, M.1
  • 5
    • 33846171574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical considerations of neuroscience research: The perspectives on neuroethics in Japan
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neures.2006.09.004, PII S016801020600229X
    • Fukushi T, Sakura O, Koizumi H. Ethical considerations of neuroscience research: The perspectives on neuroethics in Japan. Neurosci Res. 2007;57:10-16 (Pubitemid 46084866)
    • (2007) Neuroscience Research , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-16
    • Fukushi, T.1    Sakura, O.2    Koizumi, H.3
  • 6
    • 27944433830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroethics: A philosophical challenge
    • discussion W3-4
    • Evers K. Neuroethics: A philosophical challenge. Am J Bioeth 2005;5:31-3; discussion W3-4.
    • (2005) Am J Bioeth , vol.5 , pp. 31-33
    • Evers, K.1
  • 7
    • 0033982560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and the future of psychiatry
    • Akil H, Watson SJ. Science and the future of psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:86-87
    • (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 86-87
    • Akil, H.1    Watson, S.J.2
  • 8
    • 0031968868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new intellectual framework for psychiatry
    • Kandel ER. A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:457-469
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 457-469
    • Kandel, E.R.1
  • 9
    • 27644535194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatry as a clinical neuroscience discipline
    • Insel TR, Quirion R. Psychiatry as a clinical neuroscience discipline. JAMA 2005;294:2221-2224
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2221-2224
    • Insel, T.R.1    Quirion, R.2
  • 10
    • 0015929436 scopus 로고
    • On being sane in insane places
    • Rosenhan DL. On being sane in insane places. Science 1973;179:250-258
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , pp. 250-258
    • Rosenhan, D.L.1
  • 11
    • 84985485456 scopus 로고
    • Crazy talk: Thought disorder or psychiatric arrogance?
    • Szasz T. Crazy talk: Thought disorder or psychiatric arrogance? Br J Med Psychol 1993;66 (Pt 1):61-67
    • (1993) Br J Med Psychol , vol.66 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 61-67
    • Szasz, T.1
  • 12
    • 0000766674 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric diagnosis as an ethical problem
    • Bloch S, Chodoff P, eds. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications
    • Reich W. Psychiatric diagnosis as an ethical problem. In: Bloch S, Chodoff P, eds. Psychiatric ethics. second edition. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; 1991:101-134
    • (1991) Psychiatric Ethics. Second Edition , pp. 101-134
    • Reich, W.1
  • 13
    • 33747830289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging in psychiatry: An update
    • Abou-Saleh MT. Neuroimaging in psychiatry: An update. J Psychosom Res 2006;61:289-293
    • (2006) J Psychosom Res , vol.61 , pp. 289-293
    • Abou-Saleh, M.T.1
  • 15
    • 0026353240 scopus 로고
    • The truth will out: Interrogative polygraphy ("lie detection") with event-related brain potentials
    • Farwell LA, Donchin E. The truth will out: Interrogative polygraphy ("lie detection") with event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology 1991;28:531-547
    • (1991) Psychophysiology , vol.28 , pp. 531-547
    • Farwell, L.A.1    Donchin, E.2
  • 17
    • 28744458833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with fast event-related fMRI
    • Langleben DD, Loughead JW, Bilker WB, et al. Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with fast event-related fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2005;26:262-272
    • (2005) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.26 , pp. 262-272
    • Langleben, D.D.1    Loughead, J.W.2    Bilker, W.B.3
  • 18
    • 25644454406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain imaging ready to detect terrorists, say neuroscientists
    • DOI 10.1038/437457a, PII 437457
    • Wild J. Brain imaging ready to detect terrorists, say neuroscientists. Nature 2005;437:457. (Pubitemid 41613517)
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , Issue.7058 , pp. 457
    • Wild, J.1
  • 19
    • 11844271965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroethics: The practical and the philosophical
    • Farah MJ. Neuroethics: The practical and the philosophical. Trends Cogn Sci 2005;9:34-40.
    • (2005) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.9 , pp. 34-40
    • Farah, M.J.1
  • 20
    • 5144221542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of behavioral preference for culturally familiar drinks
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.019, PII S0896627304006129
    • McClure SM, Li J, Tomlin D, et al. Neural correlates of behavioral preference for culturally familiar drinks. Neuron 2004;44:379-387 (Pubitemid 39346259)
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 379-387
    • McClure, S.M.1    Li, J.2    Tomlin, D.3    Cypert, K.S.4    Montague, L.M.5    Montague, P.R.6
  • 21
    • 34249004330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain on the stand: How neuroscience is transforming the legal system
    • March 11. Available at
    • Rosen J. The brain on the stand: How neuroscience is transforming the legal system. New York Times, March 11. 2007 (Available at www.nytimes.com/2007/ 03/11/magazine/11Neurolaw.t.html).
    • (2007) New York Times
    • Rosen, J.1
  • 24
    • 33749458391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues in neuroscience
    • Fuchs T. Ethical issues in neuroscience. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006;19:600-607
    • (2006) Curr Opin Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 600-607
    • Fuchs, T.1
  • 25
    • 33845220058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of severe depression: A review of diagnostic challenges and treatment alternatives
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008, PII S0022395606001075
    • Nemeroff CB. The burden of severe depression: A review of diagnostic challenges and treatment alternatives. J Psychiatr Res 2007;41:189-206. (Pubitemid 44854991)
    • (2007) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.41 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 189-206
    • Nemeroff, C.B.1
  • 27
    • 0020023810 scopus 로고
    • The development of reliable diagnostic criteria in psychiatry
    • Skodol AE, Spitzer RL. The development of reliable diagnostic criteria in psychiatry. Annu Rev Med 1982;33: 317-326
    • (1982) Annu Rev Med , vol.33 , pp. 317-326
    • Skodol, A.E.1    Spitzer, R.L.2
  • 28
    • 0037223814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing between the validity and utility of psychiatric diagnoses
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.4
    • Kendell R, Jablensky A. Distinguishing between the validity and utility of psychiatric diagnoses. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:4-12. (Pubitemid 36042419)
    • (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.160 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-12
    • Kendell, R.1    Jablensky, A.2
  • 29
    • 0014702024 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: Its application to schizophrenia
    • Robins E, Guze SB. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: Its application to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1970;126:983-987
    • (1970) Am J Psychiatry , vol.126 , pp. 983-987
    • Robins, E.1    Guze, S.B.2
  • 30
    • 1442357937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer and stigma: Experience of patients with chemotherapy-induced alopecia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00040-5, PII S0738399103000405
    • Rosman S. Cancer and stigma: Experience of patients with chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Patient Educ Couns 2004;52:333-339 (Pubitemid 38283905)
    • (2004) Patient Education and Counseling , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-339
    • Rosman, S.1
  • 32
    • 32144431585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma and its public health implications
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68184-1, PII S0140673606681841
    • Link BG, Phelan JC. Stigma and its public health implications. Lancet 2006;367:528-529 (Pubitemid 43208908)
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9509 , pp. 528-529
    • Link, B.G.1    Phelan, J.C.2
  • 34
    • 21644460152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of stigma and attitudes toward help-seeking from a general practitioner for mental health problems in a rural town
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01612.x
    • Wrigley S, Jackson H, Judd F, et al. Role of stigma and attitudes toward help-seeking from a general practitioner for mental health problems in a rural town. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005;39:514-521 (Pubitemid 40932630)
    • (2005) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 514-521
    • Wrigley, S.1    Jackson, H.2    Judd, F.3    Komiti, A.4
  • 35
    • 17144399903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal beliefs and attitudes to people with schizophrenia: Trend analysis based on data from two population surveys in Germany
    • DOI 10.1192/bjp.186.4.331
    • Angermeyer MC, Matschinger H. Causal beliefs and attitudes to people with schizophrenia. Trend analysis based on data from two population surveys in Germany. Br J Psychiatry 2005;186:331-334 (Pubitemid 40524013)
    • (2005) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.186 , Issue.APR , pp. 331-334
    • Angermeyer, M.C.1    Matschinger, H.2
  • 36
    • 0036680480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic bases of mental illness-A cure for stigma?
    • Phelan JC. Genetic bases of mental illness-A cure for stigma? Trends Neurosci 2002;25:430-431
    • (2002) Trends Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 430-431
    • Phelan, J.C.1
  • 37
    • 69549105812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter to the editor: Naming names: Auditory hallucinations, inner speech, and source monitoring
    • author reply 1579-1580
    • Pierre JM. Letter to the editor: Naming names: Auditory hallucinations, inner speech, and source monitoring. Psychol Med 2009;39:1578-9; author reply 1579-1580
    • (2009) Psychol Med , vol.39 , pp. 1578-1579
    • Pierre, J.M.1
  • 39
    • 33846287155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of inner speech and auditory verbal hallucinations: A critical review and theoretical integration
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.001, PII S0272735806001152
    • Jones SR, Fernyhough C. Neural correlates of inner speech and auditory verbal hallucinations: A critical review and theoretical integration. Clin Psychol Rev 2007; 27:140-154 (Pubitemid 46123127)
    • (2007) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-154
    • Jones, S.R.1    Fernyhough, C.2
  • 40
    • 0023813885 scopus 로고
    • Towards a neuropsychology of schizophrenia
    • Frith CD, Done DJ. Towards a neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1988;153:437-443
    • (1988) Br J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 437-443
    • Frith, C.D.1    Done, D.J.2
  • 42
    • 37749041185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between fMRI activation and individual psychotic symptoms in un-medicated subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia
    • available at
    • Whalley HC, Gountouna VE, Hall J, et al. Correlations between fMRI activation and individual psychotic symptoms in un-medicated subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2007;7:61 (available at www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/7/61).
    • (2007) BMC Psychiatry , vol.7 , pp. 61
    • Whalley, H.C.1    Gountouna, V.E.2    Hall, J.3
  • 43
    • 60349090733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of cerebral deficits with clinical symptoms in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia: An optimized voxel-based morphometry and resting state functional connectivity study
    • Lui S, Deng W, Huang X, et al. Association of cerebral deficits with clinical symptoms in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia: An optimized voxel-based morphometry and resting state functional connectivity study. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166:196-205.
    • (2009) Am J Psychiatry , vol.166 , pp. 196-205
    • Lui, S.1    Deng, W.2    Huang, X.3
  • 46
    • 17144381734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology diffusion, hospital variation, and racial disparities among elderly Medicare beneficiaries: 1989-2000
    • Groeneveld PW, Laufer SB, Garber AM. Technology diffusion, hospital variation, and racial disparities among elderly Medicare beneficiaries: 1989-2000. Med Care 2005;43:320-329
    • (2005) Med Care , vol.43 , pp. 320-329
    • Groeneveld, P.W.1    Laufer, S.B.2    Garber, A.M.3
  • 47
    • 33644648589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of eggshells and thin-skulls: A consideration of racism-related mental illness impacting Black women
    • Nelson CA. Of eggshells and thin-skulls: A consideration of racism-related mental illness impacting Black women. Int J Law Psychiatry 2006;29:112-136
    • (2006) Int J Law Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 112-136
    • Nelson, C.A.1
  • 48
    • 0034062074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia: The fundamental questions
    • Andreasen NC. Schizophrenia: The fundamental questions. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2000;31:106-112
    • (2000) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.31 , pp. 106-112
    • Andreasen, N.C.1
  • 49
    • 31544433669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroethics
    • Glannon W. Neuroethics. Bioethics 2006;20:37-52.
    • (2006) Bioethics , vol.20 , pp. 37-52
    • Glannon, W.1
  • 53
    • 0001556840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepsychotic treatment for schizophrenia: Preventive medicine, social control, or drug marketing strategy?
    • Gosden R. Prepsychotic treatment for schizophrenia: Preventive medicine, social control, or drug marketing strategy? Ethical Hum Sci Serv 1999;1:165-177
    • (1999) Ethical Hum Sci Serv , vol.1 , pp. 165-177
    • Gosden, R.1
  • 54
    • 0041559934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dilemma of early intervention: Some problems in mental health screening and labeling
    • Jackson GE. The dilemma of early intervention: Some problems in mental health screening and labeling. Ethical Hum Sci Serv 2003;5:35-40.
    • (2003) Ethical Hum Sci Serv , vol.5 , pp. 35-40
    • Jackson, G.E.1
  • 55
    • 2342632575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive enhancement: What can we do and what should we do?
    • Farah MJ, Illes J, Cook-Deegan R, et al. Neurocognitive enhancement: What can we do and what should we do? Nat Rev Neurosci 2004;5:421-425
    • (2004) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 421-425
    • Farah, M.J.1    Illes, J.2    Cook-Deegan, R.3
  • 56
    • 3042739104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased positive versus negative affective perception and memory in healthy volunteers following selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition
    • Harmer CJ, Shelley NC, Cowen PJ, et al. Increased positive versus negative affective perception and memory in healthy volunteers following selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:1256-1263
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 1256-1263
    • Harmer, C.J.1    Shelley, N.C.2    Cowen, P.J.3
  • 57
    • 0037209183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute SSRI administration affects the processing of social cues in healthy volunteers
    • Harmer CJ, Bhagwagar Z, Perrett DI, et al. Acute SSRI administration affects the processing of social cues in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28: 148-152
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 148-152
    • Harmer, C.J.1    Bhagwagar, Z.2    Perrett, D.I.3
  • 58
    • 54249083071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of reboxetine on emotional processing in healthy volunteers: An fMRI study
    • Norbury R, Mackay CE, Cowen PJ, et al. The effects of reboxetine on emotional processing in healthy volunteers: An fMRI study. Mol Psychiatry 2008;13:1011-1020
    • (2008) Mol Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 1011-1020
    • Norbury, R.1    Mackay, C.E.2    Cowen, P.J.3
  • 59
    • 67049174094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term serotonergic but not noradrenergic antidepressant administration reduces attentional vigilance to threat in healthy volunteers
    • Murphy SE, Yiend J, Lester KJ, et al. Short-term serotonergic but not noradrenergic antidepressant administration reduces attentional vigilance to threat in healthy volunteers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2009;12:169-179
    • (2009) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 169-179
    • Murphy, S.E.1    Yiend, J.2    Lester, K.J.3
  • 60
    • 0030956352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of methylphenidate on spatial working memory and planning in healthy young adults
    • DOI 10.1007/s002130050284
    • Elliott R, Sahakian BJ, Matthews K, et al. Effects of methylphenidate on spatial working memory and planning in healthy young adults. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997;131:196-206. (Pubitemid 27261609)
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology , vol.131 , Issue.2 , pp. 196-206
    • Elliott, R.1    Sahakian, B.J.2    Matthews, K.3    Bannerjea, A.4    Rimmer, J.5    Robbins, T.W.6
  • 61
    • 58149173175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illicit use of prescription ADHD medications on a college campus: A multimethodological approach
    • DeSantis AD, Webb EM, Noar SM. Illicit use of prescription ADHD medications on a college campus: A multimethodological approach. J Am Coll Health 2008;57: 315-324
    • (2008) J Am Coll Health , vol.57 , pp. 315-324
    • DeSantis, A.D.1    Webb, E.M.2    Noar, S.M.3
  • 62
    • 8244228932 scopus 로고
    • Ethical aspects of drug treatment
    • Bloch S, Chodoff P, eds. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications
    • Brown P. Ethical aspects of drug treatment. In: Bloch S, Chodoff P, eds. Psychiatric ethics. second edition. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; 1991:167-184
    • (1991) Psychiatric Ethics. Second Edition , pp. 167-184
    • Brown, P.1
  • 63
    • 26844526341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment for depression, and current and future strategies to optimize efficacy
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2005.08.001, PII S0165032705002132
    • Loo CK, Mitchell PB. A review of the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment for depression, and current and future strategies to optimize efficacy. J Affect Disord 2005;88:255-267 (Pubitemid 41447523)
    • (2005) Journal of Affective Disorders , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-267
    • Loo, C.K.1    Mitchell, P.B.2
  • 65
    • 54249111933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: A review
    • Daskalakis ZJ, Levinson AJ, Fitzgerald PB. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: A review. Can J Psychiatry 2008;53:555-566
    • (2008) Can J Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 555-566
    • Daskalakis, Z.J.1    Levinson, A.J.2    Fitzgerald, P.B.3
  • 66
    • 42249113847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder: Clinical response in an open-label extension trial
    • Avery DH, Isenberg KE, Sampson SM, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder: Clinical response in an open-label extension trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:441-451
    • (2008) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 441-451
    • Avery, D.H.1    Isenberg, K.E.2    Sampson, S.M.3
  • 67
    • 30044447896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.88
    • Fitzgerald PB, Benitez J, de Castella A, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:88-94. (Pubitemid 43050108)
    • (2006) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.163 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-94
    • Fitzgerald, P.B.1    Benitez, J.2    De Castella, A.3    Daskalakis, Z.J.4    Brown, T.L.5    Kulkarni, J.6
  • 69
    • 0038787059 scopus 로고
    • Ethical aspects of the physical manipulation of the brain
    • Bloch S, Chodoff P, eds. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications
    • Merskey H. Ethical aspects of the physical manipulation of the brain. In: Bloch S, Chodoff P, eds. Psychiatric ethics. second edition. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; 1991: 185-214.
    • (1991) Psychiatric Ethics. Second Edition , pp. 185-214
    • Merskey, H.1
  • 70
    • 38749154316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.06.003, PII S0149763407000723
    • Montgomery EB, Gale JT. Mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008;32: 388-407. (Pubitemid 351181336)
    • (2008) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 388-407
    • Montgomery Jr., E.B.1    Gale, J.T.2
  • 71
    • 33947147197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep Brain Stimulation in Movement and Psychiatric Disorders
    • DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.028, PII S0006322306010730
    • Hardesty DE, Sackeim HA. Deep brain stimulation in movement and psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2007;61:831-835 (Pubitemid 46412276)
    • (2007) Biological Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.7 , pp. 831-835
    • Hardesty, D.E.1    Sackeim, H.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.