메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 3342-3350

Effect of sward dry matter digestibility on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations of zero-grazed beef cattle

Author keywords

Cattle; Methane; Pasture quality; Sulfur hexafluoride; Zero grazed

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; BACTERIAL DNA; METHANE; RNA 16S; VOLATILE FATTY ACID;

EID: 70349693960     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-1786     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (70)

References (63)
  • 2
    • 0030330681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical constraints on voluntary intake in ruminants
    • Allen, M. S. 1996. Physical constraints on voluntary intake in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 74:3063-3075.
    • (1996) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 3063-3075
    • Allen, M.S.1
  • 3
    • 0004202155 scopus 로고
    • AOAC., 16th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Washington, DC
    • AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Washington, DC.
    • (1995) Official Methods of Analysis
  • 4
    • 0022345893 scopus 로고
    • The digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing cattle fed indoors
    • Beever, D. E., D. J. Thomson, M. J. Ulyatt, S. B. Cammell, and M. C. Spooner. 1985. The digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing cattle fed indoors. Br. J. Nutr. 54:763-775.
    • (1985) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.54 , pp. 763-775
    • Beever, D.E.1    Thomson, D.J.2    Ulyatt, M.J.3    Cammell, S.B.4    Spooner, M.C.5
  • 5
    • 0036851197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intake and apparent digestibility of perennial ryegrass haylages fed to ponies either at maintenance or at work
    • Bergero, D., P. G. Peiretti, and E. Cola. 2002. Intake and apparent digestibility of perennial ryegrass haylages fed to ponies either at maintenance or at work. Livest. Prod. Sci. 77:325-329.
    • (2002) Livest. Prod. Sci. , vol.77 , pp. 325-329
    • Bergero, D.1    Peiretti, P.G.2    Cola, E.3
  • 6
    • 9944256631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigation strategies to reduce methane emissions from dairy cows: A review
    • Boadi, D. A., C. Benchaar, J. Chiquette, and D. Masse. 2004. Mitigation strategies to reduce methane emissions from dairy cows: A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84:319-335.
    • (2004) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 319-335
    • Boadi, D.A.1    Benchaar, C.2    Chiquette, J.3    Masse, D.4
  • 7
    • 84990746875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cutting frequency and applied nitrogen on production and digestibility of perennial ryegrass
    • Chestnutt, D. M. B., J. C. Murdoch, F. J. Harrington, and R. C. Binne. 2006. The effect of cutting frequency and applied nitrogen on production and digestibility of perennial ryegrass. Grass Forage Sci. 32:177-183.
    • (2006) Grass Forage Sci , vol.32 , pp. 177-183
    • Chestnutt, D.M.B.1    Murdoch, J.C.2    Harrington, F.J.3    Binne, R.C.4
  • 8
    • 0043256379 scopus 로고
    • Ration characteristics influencing rumen protozoal populations
    • Christiansen, W. C., W. Woods, and W. Burroughs. 1964. Ration characteristics influencing rumen protozoal populations. J. Anim. Sci. 23:984-988.
    • (1964) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 984-988
    • Christiansen, W.C.1    Woods, W.2    Burroughs, W.3
  • 10
    • 0018538273 scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on the metabolism of rumen micro-organisms
    • Demeyer, D. I., and C. J. Van Nevel. 1979. Effect of defaunation on the metabolism of rumen micro-organisms. Br. J. Nutr. 42:515-524.
    • (1979) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.42 , pp. 515-524
    • Demeyer, D.I.1    van Nevel, C.J.2
  • 11
    • 33751016342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a real-time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen
    • Denman, S. E., and C. S. McSweeney. 2006. Development of a real-time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 58:572-582.
    • (2006) FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. , vol.58 , pp. 572-582
    • Denman, S.E.1    McSweeney, C.S.2
  • 12
    • 35948938623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification and diversity analysis of ruminal methanogenic populations in response to the anti methanogenic compound bro-mochloromethane
    • Denman, S. E., N. W. Tomkins, and C. S. McSweeney. 2007. Quantification and diversity analysis of ruminal methanogenic populations in response to the anti methanogenic compound bro-mochloromethane. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 62:313-322.
    • (2007) FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. , vol.62 , pp. 313-322
    • Denman, S.E.1    Tomkins, N.W.2    McSweeney, C.S.3
  • 13
    • 0037236243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane emissions of beef cattle on forages: Efficiency of grazing management systems
    • DeRamus, H. A., T. C. Clement, D. D. Giampola, and P. C. Dickson. 2003. Methane emissions of beef cattle on forages: Efficiency of grazing management systems. J. Environ. Qual. 32:269-277.
    • (2003) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.32 , pp. 269-277
    • Deramus, H.A.1    Clement, T.C.2    Giampola, D.D.3    Dickson, P.C.4
  • 14
    • 22844457145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pre- and post-insemination plane of nutrition on embryo survival in beef heifers
    • Dunne, L. D., M. G. Diskin, M. P. Boland, K. J. O'Farrell, and J. M. Sreenan. 1999. The effect of pre- and post-insemination plane of nutrition on embryo survival in beef heifers. Anim. Sci. 69:411-417.
    • (1999) Anim. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 411-417
    • Dunne, L.D.1    Diskin, M.G.2    Boland, M.P.3    O'farrell, K.J.4    Sreenan, J.M.5
  • 16
    • 0030726657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of methyl coenzyme M reductase: The key enzyme of biological methane formation
    • Ermler, U., W. Grabarse, S. Shima, M. Goubeaud, and R. K. Thauer. 1997. Crystal structure of methyl coenzyme M reductase: The key enzyme of biological methane formation. Science 278:1457-1462.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1457-1462
    • Ermler, U.1    Grabarse, W.2    Shima, S.3    Goubeaud, M.4    Thauer, R.K.5
  • 18
    • 56849083952 scopus 로고
    • The nutritive value of spring-grown herbage produced on farms throughout England and Wales over 4 years. III. The prediction of energy values from various laboratory measurements
    • Givens, D. I., J. M. Everington, and A. H. Adamson. 1990. The nutritive value of spring-grown herbage produced on farms throughout England and Wales over 4 years. III. The prediction of energy values from various laboratory measurements. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 36:215-218.
    • (1990) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 215-218
    • Givens, D.I.1    Everington, J.M.2    Adamson, A.H.3
  • 19
    • 49849094031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in microbial community structure, methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in response to saponin-rich fractions from different plant materials
    • Goel, G., H. P. Makaar, and K. Becker. 2008. Changes in microbial community structure, methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in response to saponin-rich fractions from different plant materials. J. Appl. Microbiol. 105:770-777.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.105 , pp. 770-777
    • Goel, G.1    Makaar, H.P.2    Becker, K.3
  • 20
    • 53249092666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of allicin on fermentation and microbial populations in the rumen simulating fermentor RUSITEC
    • Hart, K. J., S. E. Girdwood, S. Taylor, D. R. Yanez-Ruiz, and C. J. Newbold. 2006. Effect of allicin on fermentation and microbial populations in the rumen simulating fermentor RUSITEC. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 46(Suppl. 1):S97.
    • (2006) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Hart, K.J.1    Girdwood, S.E.2    Taylor, S.3    Yanez-Ruiz, D.R.4    Newbold, C.J.5
  • 21
    • 56349145681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the absence of protozoa from birth or from weaning on the growth and methane production of lambs
    • Hegarty, R. S., S. H. Bird, B. A. Vanselow, and R. Woodgate. 2008. Effects of the absence of protozoa from birth or from weaning on the growth and methane production of lambs. Br. J. Nutr. 100:1220-1227.
    • (2008) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.100 , pp. 1220-1227
    • Hegarty, R.S.1    Bird, S.H.2    Vanselow, B.A.3    Woodgate, R.4
  • 22
    • 0003592439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC. 1997. Revised, III. Reference Manual. IPCC/OECD/IEA, Bracknell, UK
    • IPCC. 1997. Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. III. Reference Manual. IPCC/OECD/IEA, Bracknell, UK.
    • (1996) IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories
  • 24
    • 0027976496 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of methane emissions from ruminant livestock. Using a SF6 tracer technique
    • Johnson, K., M. Huyler, H. Westburg, B. Lamb, and P. Zimmerman. 1994. Measurement of methane emissions from ruminant livestock. Using a SF6 tracer technique. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28:359-362.
    • (1994) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.28 , pp. 359-362
    • Johnson, K.1    Huyler, M.2    Westburg, H.3    Lamb, B.4    Zimmerman, P.5
  • 25
    • 0019734721 scopus 로고
    • Role of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep
    • Jouany, J. P., B. Zainab, J. Sénaud, C. A. Grolière, J. Grain, and P. Thivend. 1981. Role of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 21:871-884.
    • (1981) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.21 , pp. 871-884
    • Jouany, J.P.1    Zainab, B.2    Sénaud, J.3    Grolière, C.A.4    Grain, J.5    Thivend, P.6
  • 26
    • 0035640796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pasture crude protein and fermentable energy supplementation on blood metabolite and progesterone concentrations and on embryo survival in heifers
    • Kenny, D. A., M. P. Boland, M. G. Diskin, and J. M. Sreenan. 2001. Effect of pasture crude protein and fermentable energy supplementation on blood metabolite and progesterone concentrations and on embryo survival in heifers. Anim. Sci. 73:501-511.
    • (2001) Anim. Sci. , vol.73 , pp. 501-511
    • Kenny, D.A.1    Boland, M.P.2    Diskin, M.G.3    Sreenan, J.M.4
  • 27
    • 0001618420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of differing forage: Concentrate ratios and restricting feed intake on the energy and nitrogen utilization by beef cattle
    • Kirkpatrick, D. E., R. W. J. Steen, and E. F. Unsworth. 1997. The effect of differing forage: concentrate ratios and restricting feed intake on the energy and nitrogen utilization by beef cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci. 51:151-164.
    • (1997) Livest. Prod. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 151-164
    • Kirkpatrick, D.E.1    Steen, R.W.J.2    Unsworth, E.F.3
  • 28
    • 0020771440 scopus 로고
    • Association of methanogenic bacteria with rumen protozoa
    • Krumholz, L. R., C. W. Forsberg, and D. M. Veira. 1983. Association of methanogenic bacteria with rumen protozoa. Can. J. Microbiol. 29:676-680.
    • (1983) Can. J. Microbiol. , vol.29 , pp. 676-680
    • Krumholz, L.R.1    Forsberg, C.W.2    Veira, D.M.3
  • 29
    • 0032952589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane production and energy partition of cattle in the tropics
    • Kurihara, M., T. Magner, R. A. Hunter, and G. J. McCrabb. 1999. Methane production and energy partition of cattle in the tropics. Br. J. Nutr. 81:227-234.
    • (1999) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.81 , pp. 227-234
    • Kurihara, M.1    Magner, T.2    Hunter, R.A.3    McCrabb, G.J.4
  • 31
    • 0344668777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of forage:Concentrate ratio and dietary coconut oil level on methane output and performance of finishing beef heifers
    • Lovett, D., S. Lovell, L. Stack, J. Callan, M. Finlay, J. Connolly, and F. P. O'Mara. 2003. Effect of forage:concentrate ratio and dietary coconut oil level on methane output and performance of finishing beef heifers. Livest. Prod. Sci. 84:135-146.
    • (2003) Livest. Prod. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 135-146
    • Lovett, D.1    Lovell, S.2    Stack, L.3    Callan, J.4    Finlay, M.5    Connolly, J.6    O'mara, F.P.7
  • 32
    • 18244421111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of coconut oil and defaunation treatment on methanogenesis in sheep
    • Machmüller, A., C. R. Soliva, and M. Kreuzer. 2003. Effect of coconut oil and defaunation treatment on methanogenesis in sheep. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 43:41-55.
    • (2003) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.43 , pp. 41-55
    • Machmüller, A.1    Soliva, C.R.2    Kreuzer, M.3
  • 34
    • 0033148065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of pasture type on methane production by lactating beef cows
    • McCaughey, W. P., K. Wittenberg, and D. Corrigan. 1999. Impact of pasture type on methane production by lactating beef cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79:221-226.
    • (1999) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 221-226
    • McCaughey, W.P.1    Wittenberg, K.2    Corrigan, D.3
  • 35
    • 70349687816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ireland National Inventory Report 2008. Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990-2006
    • Environmental Protection Agency, Johnstown Castle Estate, Wexford, Ireland
    • McGettigan, M., P. Duffy, B. Hyde, and P. O'Brien. 2008. Ireland National Inventory Report 2008. Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990-2006. Reported to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Environmental Protection Agency, Johnstown Castle Estate, Wexford, Ireland.
    • (2008) Reported to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
    • McGettigan, M.1    Duffy, P.2    Hyde, B.3    O'brien, P.4
  • 36
    • 30644470021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gas abatement strategies for animal husbandry
    • Monteny, J. G., A. Bannink, and D. Chadwick. 2006. Greenhouse gas abatement strategies for animal husbandry. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 112:163-170.
    • (2006) Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , vol.112 , pp. 163-170
    • Monteny, J.G.1    Bannink, A.2    Chadwick, D.3
  • 37
    • 0034051062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct conversion of cellulose to methane by anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis and defined methanogens
    • Nakashimada, Y., K. Srinivasan, M. Murakami, and N. Nisho. 2000. Direct conversion of cellulose to methane by anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis and defined methanogens. Biotechnol. Lett. 22:223-227.
    • (2000) Biotechnol. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 223-227
    • Nakashimada, Y.1    Srinivasan, K.2    Murakami, M.3    Nisho, N.4
  • 38
    • 0028376913 scopus 로고
    • Steers grazing intermediate wheatgrass at various stages of maturity: Effects on nutrient quality, forage intake, digesta kinetics, ruminal fermentation, and serum hormones and metabolites
    • Park, K. K., L. J. Krysl, B. A. McCracken, M. B. Judkins, and D. W. Holcombe. 1994. Steers grazing intermediate wheatgrass at various stages of maturity: Effects on nutrient quality, forage intake, digesta kinetics, ruminal fermentation, and serum hormones and metabolites. J. Anim. Sci. 72:478-486.
    • (1994) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.72 , pp. 478-486
    • Park, K.K.1    Krysl, L.J.2    McCracken, B.A.3    Judkins, M.B.4    Holcombe, D.W.5
  • 39
    • 0038114693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane emissions form sheep
    • Pelchen, A., and K. J. Peters. 1998. Methane emissions form sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 27:137-150.
    • (1998) Small Rumin. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 137-150
    • Pelchen, A.1    Peters, K.J.2
  • 40
    • 0002648518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition, intake, digestion and nutritive values of fresh herbage: Consequences on animal nutrition and N balance
    • Peyraud, J. L., and L. Astigarraga. 1998. Review of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition, intake, digestion and nutritive values of fresh herbage: Consequences on animal nutrition and N balance. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 72:235-259.
    • (1998) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.72 , pp. 235-259
    • Peyraud, J.L.1    Astigarraga, L.2
  • 41
    • 1642318842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane emissions by Charolais cows grazing a monospecific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity
    • Pinares-Patiño, C. S., R. Baumont, and C. Martin. 2003. Methane emissions by Charolais cows grazing a monospecific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83:769-777.
    • (2003) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.83 , pp. 769-777
    • Pinares-Patiño, C.S.1    Baumont, R.2    Martin, C.3
  • 42
    • 1842329756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methanogenesis: Genes, genomes, and who's on first?
    • Reeve, J. N., J. Nölling, R. M. Morgan, and D. R. Smith. 1997. Methanogenesis: Genes, genomes, and who's on first? J. Bacteriol. 179:5975-5986.
    • (1997) J. Bacteriol. , vol.179 , pp. 5975-5986
    • Reeve, J.N.1    Nölling, J.2    Morgan, R.M.3    Smith, D.R.4
  • 43
    • 0001809062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grass maturity effects on cattle fed silage-based diets. 1. Organic matter digestion, rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization
    • Rinne, M., P. Huhtanen, and S. Jaakkola. 1997. Grass maturity effects on cattle fed silage-based diets. 1. Organic matter digestion, rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67:1-17.
    • (1997) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.67 , pp. 1-17
    • Rinne, M.1    Huhtanen, P.2    Jaakkola, S.3
  • 44
    • 0036651451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digestive processes of dairy cows fed silages harvested at four stages of grass maturity
    • Rinne, M., P. Huhtanen, and S. Jaakkola. 2002. Digestive processes of dairy cows fed silages harvested at four stages of grass maturity. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1986-1998.
    • (2002) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.80 , pp. 1986-1998
    • Rinne, M.1    Huhtanen, P.2    Jaakkola, S.3
  • 45
    • 0001254203 scopus 로고
    • The detergent system of analysis
    • W. P. T. James and O. Theander, ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY
    • Robertson, J. B., and P. J. Van Soest. 1981. The detergent system of analysis. Pages 123-158 in The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food. W. P. T. James and O. Theander, ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
    • (1981) The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food , pp. 123-158
    • Robertson, J.B.1    van Soest, P.J.2
  • 46
    • 84971871395 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses
    • Rook, A. J., and M. Gill. 1990. Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses. J. Anim. Prod. 50:425-438.
    • (1990) J. Anim. Prod. , vol.50 , pp. 425-438
    • Rook, A.J.1    Gill, M.2
  • 47
    • 28344445135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PhD Thesis. Wageningen University, the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation, Wageningen, the Netherlands
    • Smit, H. J. 2005. Perennial ryegrass for dairy cows: Effects of cultivar on herbage intake during grazing. PhD Thesis. Wageningen University, the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
    • (2005) Perennial ryegrass for dairy cows: Effects of cultivar on herbage intake during grazing
    • Smit, H.J.1
  • 49
    • 84972053821 scopus 로고
    • The effect of frequency of harvesting grass for silage and level of concentrate supplementation on the intake and performance of beef cattle
    • Steen, R. W. J., and W. A. Mc Ilmoyle. 1982. The effect of frequency of harvesting grass for silage and level of concentrate supplementation on the intake and performance of beef cattle. J. Anim. Prod. 35:245-252.
    • (1982) J. Anim. Prod. , vol.35 , pp. 245-252
    • Steen, R.W.J.1    Mc Ilmoyle, W.A.2
  • 51
    • 84981838493 scopus 로고
    • A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops
    • Tilley, J. M. A., and T. A. Terry. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 18:104-111.
    • (1963) J. Br. Grassl. Soc. , vol.18 , pp. 104-111
    • Tilley, J.M.A.1    Terry, T.A.2
  • 52
    • 0001559277 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant studies
    • Van Keulen, J., and B. A. Young. 1977. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant studies. J. Anim. Sci. 44:282-287.
    • (1977) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 282-287
    • van Keulen, J.1    Young, B.A.2
  • 53
    • 0026232176 scopus 로고
    • Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition
    • Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
    • (1991) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 3583-3597
    • van Soest, P.J.1    Robertson, J.B.2    Lewis, B.A.3
  • 54
    • 0019137730 scopus 로고
    • Assocoation of methanogenic bacteria with rumen ciliates
    • Vogels, G. D., W. F. Hoppe, and C. K. Stumm. 1980. Assocoation of methanogenic bacteria with rumen ciliates. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 40:608-612.
    • (1980) Am. Soc. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 608-612
    • Vogels, G.D.1    Hoppe, W.F.2    Stumm, C.K.3
  • 55
    • 84992523060 scopus 로고
    • Effect of forage quality on intake and forage-concentrate interactions
    • Waldo, D. R. 1986. Effect of forage quality on intake and forage-concentrate interactions. J. Dairy Sci. 69:617-631.
    • (1986) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 617-631
    • Waldo, D.R.1
  • 56
    • 33947332625 scopus 로고
    • Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for the determination of ammonia
    • Weatherburn, M. W. 1967. Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for the determination of ammonia. Anal. Chem. 39:971-974.
    • (1967) Anal. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 971-974
    • Weatherburn, M.W.1
  • 57
    • 0021204069 scopus 로고
    • Methane formation in faunated and ciliate-free cattle and its relationship with rumen volatile fatty acid proportions
    • Whitelaw, F. G., J. M. Eadie, L. A. Bruce, and W. J. Shand. 1984. Methane formation in faunated and ciliate-free cattle and its relationship with rumen volatile fatty acid proportions. Br. J. Nutr. 52:261-275.
    • (1984) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.52 , pp. 261-275
    • Whitelaw, F.G.1    Eadie, J.M.2    Bruce, L.A.3    Shand, W.J.4
  • 58
    • 0036808683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dry matter yield, herbage quality and persistency of equivalent populations of perennial ryegrass with and without reduced flowering
    • Wilkins, P. W. 2002. Dry matter yield, herbage quality and persistency of equivalent populations of perennial ryegrass with and without reduced flowering. Plant Breed. 121:425-428.
    • (2002) Plant Breed , vol.121 , pp. 425-428
    • Wilkins, P.W.1
  • 59
    • 8144224417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some changes in grass crops during periods of uninterrupted growth
    • Wilman, D. 2004. Some changes in grass crops during periods of uninterrupted growth. J. Agric. Sci. 142:129-140.
    • (2004) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.142 , pp. 129-140
    • Wilman, D.1
  • 60
    • 0021131395 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fungi and forage fiber degradation
    • Windham, W. R., and D. E. Akin. 1984. Rumen fungi and forage fiber degradation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:473-476.
    • (1984) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.48 , pp. 473-476
    • Windham, W.R.1    Akin, D.E.2
  • 61
    • 84984485378 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sward surface height on the performance of continuously stocked spring-calving beef cows and their calves
    • Wright, I. A., and T. K. Whyte. 1989. Effects of sward surface height on the performance of continuously stocked spring-calving beef cows and their calves. Grass Forage Sci. 44:259-266.
    • (1989) Grass Forage Sci , vol.44 , pp. 259-266
    • Wright, I.A.1    Whyte, T.K.2
  • 62
    • 2442510059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved extraction of PCR-quality community DNA from digesta and fecal samples
    • Yu, Z., and M. Morrison. 2004. Improved extraction of PCR-quality community DNA from digesta and fecal samples. Biotechniques 36:808-812.
    • (2004) Biotechniques , vol.36 , pp. 808-812
    • Yu, Z.1    Morrison, M.2
  • 63
    • 52149083924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of octadeca carbon fatty acids on microbial fermentation, methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro
    • Zhang, C. M., Y. Q. Guo, Z. P. Yuan, Y. M. Wu, J. K. Wang, J. X. Liu, and W. Y. Zhu. 2008. Effect of octadeca carbon fatty acids on microbial fermentation, methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 146:259-269.
    • (2008) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.146 , pp. 259-269
    • Zhang, C.M.1    Guo, Y.Q.2    Yuan, Z.P.3    Wu, Y.M.4    Wang, J.K.5    Liu, J.X.6    Zhu, W.Y.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.