What impact will climate change have on rural groundwater supplies in Africa?

Hydrological Sciences Journal

Volumn 54, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 690-703

  MacDonald, Alan M ^a   Carlow, Roger C ^a   MacDonald, David M J ^a   Darling, W George ^a   Dochartaigh, Brighid É Ó ^a  

^a BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Africa; Agriculture; Climate; Drought; Groundwater; Water supply

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ANNUAL RAINFALL; CATASTROPHIC FAILURES; CLIMATE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DOMESTIC WATER; EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; FOOD PRICES; GROUND WATER RECHARGE; GROUNDWATER MODELLING; GROUNDWATER SOURCES; GROUNDWATER SUPPLY; IRRIGATION SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY; NON-RENEWABLE; RAINFALL INTENSITY; REGIONAL RESOURCES; RISK OF CONTAMINATION; RURAL POPULATION; RURAL WATER SUPPLY; SAFE DRINKING WATER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WATER AVAILABILITY;

AQUIFERS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DROUGHT; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; HYDROGEOLOGY; IRRIGATION; POTABLE WATER; QUALITY ASSURANCE; RECHARGING (UNDERGROUND WATERS); SURFACE WATERS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; WATER SUPPLY; WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS;

GROUNDWATER RESOURCES;

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE EFFECT; DROUGHT; GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION; GROUNDWATER RESOURCE; HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE; IRRIGATION SYSTEM; MAPPING; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; RECHARGE; RURAL AREA; SUSTAINABILITY; WARNING SYSTEM; WATER DEMAND; WATER SUPPLY;

AFRICA;

EID: 70349657150     PISSN: 02626667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1623/hysj.54.4.690     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Adelana, S. M. A., Abiye, T. A., Nkhuwa, D. C. A., Tindimugaya, C. & Oga, M. S. (2008) Urban groundwater management and protection in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Applied Groundwater Studies in Africa (ed. by S. M. A. Adelana & A. M. MacDonald), 213-260. IAH Selected Papers in Hydrogeology, no. 13. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, UK.
2. Agoumi, A. (2003) Vulnerability of North African countries to climatic changes: adaptation and implementation strategies for climatic change. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnepeg, Canada.
3. Barker, J. A. & Macdonald, D. M. J. (2000) A manual for BGSPT: programs to simulate and analyse pumping tests in largediameter wells. British Geological Survey Tech. report WC/00/17. http://www.bgs.ac.uk/ bgspt/ (accessed April 2009).
4. Bates, B. C., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Wu, S. & Palutikof, J. P. (eds) (2008) Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ tpclimate-change-water.htm (last accessed June 2009).
5. Boko, M., Niang, I., Nyong, A., Vogel, C., Githeko, A., Medany, M., Osman-Elasha, B., Tabo, R. & Yanda, P. (2007) Africa. In: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ed. by M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden & C. E. Hanson), 433-467, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.
6. Butterworth, J. A., Macdonald, D. M. J., Bromley, J., Simmonds, L. P., Lovell, C. J. & Mugabe, F. (1999) Hydrological processes and water resources management in a dryland environment, III: Groundwater recharge and recession in a shallow weathered aquifer. Hydrol. Earth System Sci. 3, 345-342.
7. Calow, R. C., Robins, N. S., MacDonald, A. M., Macdonald, D. M. J., Gibbs, B. R., Orpen, W. R. G., Mtembezeka, P., Andrews, A. J. & Appiah, S. O. (1997). Groundwater management in drought prone areas of Africa. Int. J. Water Resour. Devel. 13, 241-261.
8. Calow, R. C., MacDonald, A. M., Nicol, A. L. & Robins, N. S. (2009) Groundwater security and drought in Africa: linking availability access and demand. Ground Water, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00558.
9. Carter, R. C. (2006) Drilling for Water in Ethiopia: 10 Steps to Cost-Effective Boreholes. WSP Field Note, Water and Sanitation Program - Africa, World Bank, Nairobi.
10. Carter, R. C. & Alkali, A. G. (1996). Shallow groundwater in the northeast arid zone of Nigeria. Quart. J. Engng Geol. 29, 341-356.
11. Carter R. C. & Bevan, J. E. (2008) Groundwater development for poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Applied Groundwater Research in Africa (ed. by S. M. A. Adelana & A. M. MacDonald), 25-42. IAH Selected Papers in Hydrogeology no. 13, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, UK.
12. Chilton, P. J. & Foster, S. S. D. (1995) Hydrogeological characterisation and water-supply potential of basement aquifers in tropical Africa. Hydrogeol. J. 3, 36-49.
13. Christensen, J. H., Hewitson, B., Busuioc, A., Chen, A., Gao, X., Held, I., Jones, R., Kolli, R. K., Kwon, W. T., Laprise, R., Magana Rueda, V., Mearns, L., Menéndez, C. G., Räisänen, J., Rinke, A., Sarr A. & Whetton, P. (2007) Regional climate projections. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ed. by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
14. De Vries, J. J. & Simmers, I. (2002) Groundwater recharge: an overview of processes and challenges. Hydrogeol. J. 10, 5-17.
15. Demlie, M., Wohnlich, S., Wisotzky. F. & Gizaw, B. (2007) Groundwater recharge, flow and hydrogeochemical evolution in a complex volcanic aquifer system, central Ethiopia. Hydrogeol. J. 15, 1169-1181.
16. Edmunds, W. M. (2008) Groundwater in Africa - palaeowater, climate change and modern recharge. In: Applied Groundwater Studies in Africa (ed. by S. M. A. Adelana & A. M. MacDonald), 305-322. IAH Selected Papers in Hydrogeology, no. 13. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, UK.
17. Eilers, V. H. M., Carter, R. C. & Rushton, K. R. (2007) A single layer soil water balance model for estimating deep drainage (potential recharge): an application to cropped land in semi-arid North-east Nigeria. Geoderma 140, 119-131.
18. Foster, S. S. D. (1984) African groundwater development - the challenges for hydrogeological science. In: Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources (Proc. Harare Symp., July 1984), 3-12. IAHS Publ. 144. IAHS Press, Wallingford, UK http://iahs.info/redbooks/144.htm.
19. Foster, S. S. D., Tuinhof, A. & Garduño, H. (2008) Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa - a strategic overview of developmental issues. In: Applied Groundwater Studies in Africa (ed. by S. M. A. Adelana & A. M. MacDonald), 9-21. IAH Selected Papers in Hydrogeology, no. 13. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, UK.
20. Gale, I. N. (2005) Strategies for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in semi arid areas. UNESCO, Paris.
21. Giordano, M. (2005) Agricultural groundwater use and rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa: a first-cut assessment. Hydrogeol. J. 14, 310-318.
22. Guiraud, R. (1988) L'hydrogeologie de l'Afrique. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 7, 519-543.
23. Holt, S. & Rushton, K. R. (1984) An investigation into the effects of different pumping regimes on drawdown in large diameter wells. J. Hydrol. 29, 271-278.
24. Hulme, M., Doherty, R., Ngara, T., New, M. & Lister, D. (2001) African climate change: 1900-2100. Climate Res. 17, 145-168.
25. IWMI (International Water Management Institute) (2007) Costs and performance of irrigation projects: a comparison of sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions. Research Report 109, IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
26. JMP (Joint Monitoring Programme) (2008) Global water supply and sanitation 2008 report. Joint Monitoring Programme WHO/UNICEF. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
27. Koutsoyiannis, D., Efstratiadis, A., Mamassis, N. & Christofides, A. (2008) On the credibility of climate predictions. Hydrol. Sci. J. 53(4), 671-684.
28. Kulkarni, H., Deolankar, S. B., Lalwani, A., Joseph, B. & Pawar, S. (2000) Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India. Hydrogeol. J. 8, 368-378.
29. Lerner, D. N., Issar, A. & Simmers, I. (1990) Groundwater recharge; a guide to understanding and estimating natural recharge. International Contributions to Hydrogeology no. 8. Heise, Hannover, Germany.
30. MacDonald, A. M. & Calow, R. C. (2007) Drought and community water supplies. Waterlines 26(1), 14-16.
31. MacDonald, A. M., Calow, R. C., Nicol, A. L., Hope, B. & Robins, N. S. (2001) Ethiopia: Water Security and Drought. British Geological Survey Tech. Report WC/01/02. BGS, Keyworth, UK.
32. MacDonald, A. M., Davies, J., Calow, R. C. & Chilton, J. (2005a) Developing Groundwater: a Guide for Rural Water Supply. ITDG Publishing, Rugby, UK.
33. MacDonald, A. M., Kemp, S. J. & Davies, J. (2005b) Transmissivity variations in the mudstones. Ground Water 43, 259-269.
34. MacDonald, A. M., Davies, J. & Calow, R. C. (2008a) African hydrogeology and rural water supply. In: Applied Groundwater Studies in Africa (ed. by S. M. A. Adelana & A. M. MacDonald), 127-148. IAH Selected Papers in Hydrogeology, no. 13. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, UK.
35. MacDonald, A. M., Barker, J. A. & Davies, J. (2008b) The bailer test: a short effect pumping test to assess borehole success. Hydrogeol. J. 16, 1065-1075.
36. Moore, P., Marfin, A., Quenemoen, L., Gessner, B., Ayub, Y., Miller, D., Sullivan, K. & Toole, M. (1993) Mortality rates in displaced and resident populations of central Somalia during 1992 famine. The Lancet 341, 935-938.
37. Moriarty, P. & Butterworth, J. (2003) The productive use of domestic water supplies: how water supplies can play a wider role in livelihood improvement and poverty reduction. IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Delft, The Netherlands.
38. New, M. & Hulme, M. (1997) A monthly rainfall dataset for Africa for 1951 to 1995. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
39. New, M., Hulme, M. & Jones, P. D. (1999) Representing twentieth century space-time climate variability. Part 1: development of a 1961-90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. J. Climate 12, 829-856.
40. Nicol, A. L. (2001) Adopting a Sustainable Livelihoods Approach to Water Projects: Implications for Policy and Practice. Overseas Development Institute Working Paper, 133, London.
41. Persits, F., Ahlbrandt, T., Tuttle, M. Charpientier, R., Brownfield, M. & Takahashi, K. (1997) Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of Africa. US Geol. Survey Open-file report 97-470A.
42. Pritchard, M., Mkandawire, T. & O'Neill, J. G. (2008) Assessment of groundwater quality in shallow wells within the southern districts of Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth, doi:10.1016/j.pce.2008.06.036.
43. Reedman, A., Calow, R. C. & Bate, D. (2002) The value of geoscience information in less developed countries. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report CR/02/087N. BGS, Keyworth, UK.
44. Robins, N. S., Davies, J., Farr, J. L. & Calow, R.C. (2006) The changing role of hydrogeology in semi-arid southern and eastern Africa. Hydrogeol. J. 14, 1481-1492.
45. Rueedi, J., Brennwald, M. S., Burtschert, R., Beyerle, U., Hofer, M. & Kipfler, R. (2005) Estimating the amount and spatial distribution of groundwater recharge in the Iullemmeden basin (Niger) based on 3H, 3He and CFC-11 measurements. Hydrol. Processes 19, 3285-3298.
46. Scanlon, B. R., Keese, K. E., Flint, A. L., Flint, L. E., Gaye, C. B., Edmunds, W. M. & Simmers, I. (2006) Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions. Hydrol. Processes 20, 3335-3370.
47. Sheffield, J. & Wood, E. F. (2008) Global trends and variability in soil moisture and drought characteristics 1950-2000, from observation-driven simulations of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle. J. Climate 21, 432-458.
48. Taylor, R. G. & Howard, K. (2000) A tectono-geomorphic model of the hydrogeology of deeply weathered crystalline rock: Evidence from Uganda. Hydrogeol. J. 8, 279-294.
49. Taylor, R. G., Tindimugaya, C., Barker, J. A., Macdonald, D. M. J. & Kulabako, R. (2009) Convergent radial tracing of viral and solute transport in gneiss. Ground Water, doi:10.1111/ j.1745-6584.2008.00547.
50. Thornton, P. K., Jones, P. G., Owiyo, T. M., Kruska, R. L., Herero, M., Kristjanson, P., Notenbaert, A. & Bekele, N. (2006) apping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the Department for International Development, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya.
51. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2000) African population database 2000. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi, Kenya.
52. UNESCO (1991) Africa Geological Map Scale 1:5 000 000. Six Sheets. UNESCO, Paris, France.
53. United Nations (2000) United Nations Millennium Declaration. United Nations General Assembly, A/RES/55/2. United Nations, New York, USA.
54. United Nations (2006) The Millennium Development Goals Report. United Nations, New York, USA.
55. UNTCD (United Nations department for Technical Cooperation for Development) (1988) Groundwater in North and West Africa. Natural Resources/Water Series no. 18, United Nations, New York, USA.
56. UNTCD (United Nations department for Technical Cooperation for Development) (1989) Groundwater in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Natural Resources/Water Series no. 19, United Nations, New York, USA.
57. Van Dongen, P. & Woodhouse, M. (1994) Finding groundwater: a project manager's guide to techniques and how to use them. Tech. report, UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Programme, Washington DC, USA.
58. WHO (World Health Organisation) (2004) Making Water a Part of Economic Development: The Economic Benefits of Improved Water Management Services. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
59. WHYMAP (2008) Groundwater resources of the world. BGR/UNESCO, http://www.whymap.org (Accessed March 2009)
60. Wright, E. P. (1992) The hydrogeology of crystalline basement aquifers in Africa. In: The Hydrogeology of Crystalline Basement Aquifers in Africa (ed. by E. P. Wright & W. Burgess), 1-27. Geological Society London Special Publications, no. 66.