메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 803-836

Large-eddy simulation of katabatic winds. Part 1: Comparison with observations

Author keywords

Katabatic winds; Large eddy simulation

Indexed keywords

BUOYANCY FLUXES; DOWNSLOPE; EXTERNAL INPUT; KATABATIC WINDS; MAIN CHARACTERISTICS; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION; MODEL RESULTS; NUMERICAL MODELS; QUASI-ONE-DIMENSIONAL; SLOPE FLOW; SLOPE WINDS; VERTICAL PROFILE;

EID: 70349616114     PISSN: 18956572     EISSN: 18957455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2478/s11600-009-0041-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0022859596 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of nocturnal slope flows with ambient winds
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF00122763
    • Arritt, R.W., and R.A. Pielke (1986), Interactions of nocturnal slope flows with ambient winds, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 37, 1-2, 183-195, DOI: 10.1007/BF00122763.
    • (1986) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.37 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 183-195
    • Arritt, R.W.1    Pielke, R.A.2
  • 2
    • 70349618431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-eddy simulation of katabatic winds. Part 2: Sensitivity study and comparison with analytical models
    • DOI: 10.2478/s11600-009-0042-5 (this issue)
    • Axelsen, S.L., and H. van Dop (2009), Large-eddy simulation of katabatic winds. Part 2: Sensitivity study and comparison with analytical models, Acta Geophys. 57, 4, 837-856, DOI: 10.2478/s11600-009-0042-5 (this issue).
    • (2009) Acta Geophys , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 837-856
    • Axelsen, S.L.1    van Dop, H.2
  • 3
    • 33747890003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-eddy simulation of stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer turbulence: A scale-dependent dynamic modeling approach
    • DOI: 10.1175/JAS3734.1
    • Basu, S., and F. Porté-Agel (2006), Large-eddy simulation of stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer turbulence: A scale-dependent dynamic modeling approach, J. Atmos. Sci. 63, 8, 2074-2091, DOI: 10.1175/JAS3734.1.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , Issue.8 , pp. 2074-2091
    • Basu, S.1    Porté-Agel, F.2
  • 5
    • 0035443179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland with the polar MM5
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2290:MMOKWO>2.0.CO;2
    • Bromwich, D.H., J.J. Cassano, T. Klein, G. Heinemann, K.M. Hines, K. Steffen, and J.E. Box (2001), Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland with the polar MM5, Monthly Weath. Rev. 129, 9, 2290-2309, DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2290:MMOKWO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) Monthly Weath. Rev. , vol.129 , Issue.9 , pp. 2290-2309
    • Bromwich, D.H.1    Cassano, J.J.2    Klein, T.3    Heinemann, G.4    Hines, K.M.5    Steffen, K.6    Box, J.E.7
  • 6
    • 70349621395 scopus 로고
    • Subgrid parametrization in a large-eddy simulation model
    • In: Amer. Meteor. Soc. Roskilde, Denmark
    • Cuijpers, J.W.M. (1990), Subgrid parametrization in a large-eddy simulation model. In: Ninth Symp. on Turbulence and Diffusion, Amer. Meteor. Soc. Roskilde, Denmark, 176-179.
    • (1990) Ninth Symp. on Turbulence and Diffusion , pp. 176-179
    • Cuijpers, J.W.M.1
  • 7
    • 0009814729 scopus 로고
    • Large-eddy simulation of cumulus convection
    • Ph.D. Thesis, IMAU, Utrecht University
    • Cuijpers, J.W.M. (1994), Large-eddy simulation of cumulus convection, Ph.D. Thesis, IMAU, Utrecht University.
    • (1994)
    • Cuijpers, J.W.M.1
  • 8
    • 0027790816 scopus 로고
    • Large eddy simulation of trade wind cumulus clouds
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<3894:LESOTW>2.0.CO;2
    • Cuijpers, J.W.M., and P.G. Duynkerke (1993), Large eddy simulation of trade wind cumulus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 23, 3894-3908, DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<3894:LESOTW>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , Issue.23 , pp. 3894-3908
    • Cuijpers, J.W.M.1    Duynkerke, P.G.2
  • 9
    • 0001498669 scopus 로고
    • Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF00119502
    • Deardorff, J.W. (1980), Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 18, 4, 495-527, DOI: 10.1007/BF00119502.
    • (1980) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 495-527
    • Deardorff, J.W.1
  • 10
    • 0347028404 scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer
    • DOI: 10.1002/qj.49710042507
    • Delage, Y. (1974), A numerical study of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 100, 351-364, DOI: 10.1002/ qj.49710042507.
    • (1974) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.100 , pp. 351-364
    • Delage, Y.1
  • 11
    • 0032714552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-order modelling of turbulence in katabatic flows
    • DOI: 10.1023/A:1001796906927
    • Denby, B. (1999), Second-order modelling of turbulence in katabatic flows, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 92, 1, 65-98, DOI: 10.1023/A:1001796906927.
    • (1999) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-98
    • Denby, B.1
  • 13
    • 0020969424 scopus 로고
    • Observations and models of simple nocturnal slope flows
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<0708:OAMOSN>2.0.CO;2
    • Doran, J.C., and T.W. Horst (1983), Observations and models of simple nocturnal slope flows, J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 3, 708-717, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(1983)040<0708:OAMOSN>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 708-717
    • Doran, J.C.1    Horst, T.W.2
  • 14
    • 20444507187 scopus 로고
    • A review of flux-profile relationships
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF00240838
    • Dyer, A.J. (1974), A review of flux-profile relationships, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 7, 3, 363-372, DOI: 10.1007/BF00240838.
    • (1974) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-372
    • Dyer, A.J.1
  • 15
    • 70349623665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of numerically simulated katabatic and anabatic flows along steep slopes
    • DOI: 10.2478/s11600-009-0027-4 (this issue)
    • Fedorovich, E., and A. Shapiro (2009), Structure of numerically simulated katabatic and anabatic flows along steep slopes, Acta Geophys. 57, 4, 981-1010, DOI: 10.2478/s11600-009-0027-4 (this issue).
    • (2009) Acta Geophys. , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 981-1010
    • Fedorovich, E.1    Shapiro, A.2
  • 16
    • 33747183958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 50 years of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory
    • DOI: 10.1007/s10546-006-9048-6
    • Foken, T. (2006), 50 years of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 119, 3, 431-447, DOI: 10.1007/s10546-006-9048-6.
    • (2006) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 431-447
    • Foken, T.1
  • 19
    • 34848818751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the turbulent Prandtl number in the stable atmospheric boundary layer
    • DOI: 10.1007/s10546-007-9192-7
    • Grachev, A.A., E.L. Andreas, C.W. Fairall, P.S. Guest, and P.O.G. Persson (2007), On the turbulent Prandtl number in the stable atmospheric boundary layer, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 125, 2, 329-341, DOI: 10.1007/s10546-007-9192-7.
    • (2007) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 329-341
    • Grachev, A.A.1    Andreas, E.L.2    Fairall, C.W.3    Guest, P.S.4    Persson, P.O.G.5
  • 20
    • 0035513363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Katabatic flow: Analytic solution for gradually varying eddy diffusivities
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3349:KFASFG>2.0.CO;2
    • Grisogono, B., and J. Oerlemans (2001a), Katabatic flow: Analytic solution for gradually varying eddy diffusivities, J. Atmos. Sci. 58, 21, 3349-3354, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(2001)058<3349:KFASFG>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , Issue.21 , pp. 3349-3354
    • Grisogono, B.1    Oerlemans, J.2
  • 21
    • 0035490751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory for the estimation of surface fluxes in simple katabatic flows
    • DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712757811
    • Grisogono, B., and J. Oerlemans (2001b), A theory for the estimation of surface fluxes in simple katabatic flows, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 127, 578, 2725-2739, DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712757811.
    • (2001) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.127 , Issue.578 , pp. 2725-2739
    • Grisogono, B.1    Oerlemans, J.2
  • 22
    • 38849204204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The low-level katabatic jet height versus Monin-Obukhov height
    • DOI: 10.1002/qj.190
    • Grisogono, B., L. Kraljević, and A. Jeričević (2007), The low-level katabatic jet height versus Monin-Obukhov height, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 133, 629, 2133-2136, DOI: 10.1002/qj.190.
    • (2007) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.133 , Issue.629 , pp. 2133-2136
    • Grisogono, B.1    Kraljević, L.2    Jeričević, A.3
  • 23
    • 14644420257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Katabatic flow mechanisms on a low-angle slope
    • DOI: 10.1175/JAM-2182.1
    • Haiden, T., and C.D. Whiteman (2005), Katabatic flow mechanisms on a low-angle slope, J. Appl. Meteorol. 44, 1, 113-126, DOI: 10.1175/ JAM-2182.1.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-126
    • Haiden, T.1    Whiteman, C.D.2
  • 24
    • 0000086774 scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal drainage flow on simple slopes
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF00122382
    • Horst, T.W., and J.C. Doran (1986), Nocturnal drainage flow on simple slopes, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 34, 3, 263-286, DOI: 10.1007/BF00122382.
    • (1986) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 263-286
    • Horst, T.W.1    Doran, J.C.2
  • 25
    • 1342283059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0607:CRMOTA>2.0.CO;2
    • Khairoutdinov, M.F., and D.A. Randall (2003), Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities, J. Atmos. Sci. 60, 4, 607-625, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(2003)060<0607:CRMOTA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 607-625
    • Khairoutdinov, M.F.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 26
    • 0035538379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland and comparisons with AWS and aircraft data
    • DOI: 10.1007/s007030170010
    • Klein, T., G. Heinemann, D.H. Bromwich, J.J. Cassano, and K.M. Hines (2001), Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland and comparisons with AWS and aircraft data, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 78, 1-2, 115-132, DOI: 10.1007/s007030170010.
    • (2001) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.78 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 115-132
    • Klein, T.1    Heinemann, G.2    Bromwich, D.H.3    Cassano, J.J.4    Hines, K.M.5
  • 27
    • 0034085380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large eddy simulation study of a quasi-steady, stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1052:ALESSO>2.0.CO;2
    • Kosović, B., and J.A. Curry (2000), A large eddy simulation study of a quasi-steady, stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci. 57, 8, 1052-1068, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(2000)057<1052:ALESSO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 1052-1068
    • Kosović, B.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 28
    • 84978549009 scopus 로고
    • Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion
    • DOI: 10.1002/qj.49709440106
    • Lilly, D.K. (1968), Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 94, 292-309, DOI: 10.1002/ qj.49709440106.
    • (1968) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 292-309
    • Lilly, D.K.1
  • 29
    • 0020330330 scopus 로고
    • Momentum balance of gravity flows
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<2701:MBOGF>2.0.CO;2
    • Mahrt, L. (1982), Momentum balance of gravity flows, J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 12, 2701-2711, DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<2701:MBOGF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , Issue.12 , pp. 2701-2711
    • Mahrt, L.1
  • 30
    • 0041171489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratified atmospheric boundary layers and break-down of models
    • DOI: 10.1007/s001620050093
    • Mahrt, L. (1998), Stratified atmospheric boundary layers and break-down of models, Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 11, 3-4, 263-279, DOI: 10.1007/ s001620050093.
    • (1998) Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dyn. , vol.11 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 263-279
    • Mahrt, L.1
  • 31
    • 0025571971 scopus 로고
    • Relation of slope winds to the ambient flow over gentle terrain
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF00122465
    • Mahrt, L., and S. Larsen (1990), Relation of slope winds to the ambient flow over gentle terrain, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 53, 1-2, 93-102, DOI: 10.1007/BF00122465.
    • (1990) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.53 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 93-102
    • Mahrt, L.1    Larsen, S.2
  • 32
    • 0025571961 scopus 로고
    • Large-eddy simulation of the stably-stratified atmospheric boundary layer
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF00122467
    • Mason, P.J., and S.H. Derbyshire (1990), Large-eddy simulation of the stably-stratified atmospheric boundary layer, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 53, 1-2, 117-162, DOI: 10.1007/BF00122467.
    • (1990) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.53 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 117-162
    • Mason, P.J.1    Derbyshire, S.H.2
  • 33
    • 0036736291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of flow and turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer over a slope
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2513:OOFATI>2.0.CO;2
    • Monti, P., H.J.S. Fernando, M. Princevac, W.C. Chan, T.A. Kowalewski, and E.R. Pardyjak (2002), Observations of flow and turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer over a slope, J. Atmos. Sci. 59, 17, 2513-2534, DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2513:OOFATI>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , Issue.17 , pp. 2513-2534
    • Monti, P.1    Fernando, H.J.S.2    Princevac, M.3    Chan, W.C.4    Kowalewski, T.A.5    Pardyjak, E.R.6
  • 34
    • 0023497241 scopus 로고
    • A model study of pure katabatic flows
    • Nappo, C.J., and K. Rao (1987), A model study of pure katabatic flows, Tellus 39A, 61-71.
    • (1987) Tellus , vol.39 A , pp. 61-71
    • Nappo, C.J.1    Rao, K.2
  • 35
    • 0021638963 scopus 로고
    • The turbulent structure of the stable nocturnal boundary layer
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2202:TTSOTS>2.0.CO;2
    • Nieuwstadt, F.T.M. (1984), The turbulent structure of the stable nocturnal boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 14, 2202-2216, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(1984)041<2202:TTSOTS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , Issue.14 , pp. 2202-2216
    • Nieuwstadt, F.T.M.1
  • 36
    • 0000490813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric boundary layer over melting glaciers
    • In: A.A.M. Holtslag, P.G. Duynkerke, and P.J. Jonker (eds.), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Ch. 6
    • Oerlemans, J. (1998), The atmospheric boundary layer over melting glaciers, In: A.A.M. Holtslag, P.G. Duynkerke, and P.J. Jonker (eds.), Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Ch. 6, 129-153.
    • (1998) Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers , pp. 129-153
    • Oerlemans, J.1
  • 38
    • 0021549377 scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of strong katabatic winds over Antarctica
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0545:ANSOSK>2.0.CO;2
    • Parish, T.R. (1984), A numerical study of strong katabatic winds over Antarctica, Monthly Weath. Rev. 112, 3, 545-554, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0493(1984)112<0545:ANSOSK>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1984) Monthly Weath. Rev. , vol.112 , Issue.3 , pp. 545-554
    • Parish, T.R.1
  • 39
    • 2142714541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Describing surface fluxes in katabatic flow on Breidamerkurjökull, Iceland
    • DOI: 10.1256/qj.03.52
    • Parmhed, O., J. Oerlemans, and B. Grisogono (2004), Describing surface fluxes in katabatic flow on Breidamerkurjökull, Iceland, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 130, 598, 1137-1151, DOI: 10.1256/qj.03.52.
    • (2004) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.130 , Issue.598 , pp. 1137-1151
    • Parmhed, O.1    Oerlemans, J.2    Grisogono, B.3
  • 40
    • 0025585028 scopus 로고
    • Study of the influence of katabatic flows on the Antarctic circulation using GCM simulations
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF01028121
    • Pettré, P., M.F. Renaud, R. Renaud, M. Déqué, S. Planton, and J.C. André (1990), Study of the influence of katabatic flows on the Antarctic circulation using GCM simulations, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 43, 1-4, 187-195, DOI: 10.1007/BF01028121.
    • (1990) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.43 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 187-195
    • Pettré, P.1    Renaud, M.F.2    Renaud, R.3    Déqué, M.4    Planton, S.5    André, J.C.6
  • 41
    • 0003987999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Pope, S.B. (2000), Turbulent Flows, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (2000) Turbulent Flows
    • Pope, S.B.1
  • 43
    • 0001718574 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of rotating turbulent thermal convection
    • Raasch, S., and D. Etling (1991), Numerical simulation of rotating turbulent thermal convection, Beitr. Phys. Atmos. 64, 3, 185-199.
    • (1991) Beitr. Phys. Atmos. , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 185-199
    • Raasch, S.1    Etling, D.2
  • 44
    • 0013175115 scopus 로고
    • A nonstationary nocturnal drainage flow model
    • DOI: 10.1007/BF00121375
    • Rao, K.S., and H.F. Snodgrass (1981), A nonstationary nocturnal drainage flow model, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 20, 3, 309-320, DOI: 10.1007/BF00121375.
    • (1981) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-320
    • Rao, K.S.1    Snodgrass, H.F.2
  • 45
    • 0025571914 scopus 로고
    • Large-eddy simulation of the up-slope boundary layer
    • DOI: 10.1002/qj.49711649307
    • Schumann, U. (1990), Large-eddy simulation of the up-slope boundary layer, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 116, 493, 637-670, DOI: 10.1002/ qj.49711649307.
    • (1990) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.116 , Issue.493 , pp. 637-670
    • Schumann, U.1
  • 46
    • 44349108860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coriolis effects in homogeneous and inhomogeneous katabatic flows
    • DOI: 10.1002/qj.217
    • Shapiro, A., and E. Fedorovich (2008), Coriolis effects in homogeneous and inhomogeneous katabatic flows, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 134, 631, 353-370, DOI: 10.1002/qj.217.
    • (2008) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.134 , Issue.631 , pp. 353-370
    • Shapiro, A.1    Fedorovich, E.2
  • 47
    • 0037313951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-eddy simulation of katabatic flows
    • DOI: 10.1023/A:1021142828676
    • Skyllingstad, E.D. (2003), Large-eddy simulation of katabatic flows, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 106, 2, 217-243, DOI: 10.1023/A:1021142828676.
    • (2003) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-243
    • Skyllingstad, E.D.1
  • 48
    • 0031696489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbulence characteristics of the stable boundary layer over a mid-latitude glacier. Part I: A combination of katabatic and large scale forcing
    • DOI: 10.1023/A:1000860406093
    • Smeets, C.J.P.P., P.G. Duynkerke, and H.F. Vugts (1998), Turbulence characteristics of the stable boundary layer over a mid-latitude glacier. Part I: A combination of katabatic and large scale forcing, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 87, 1, 117-145, DOI: 10.1023/A:1000860406093.
    • (1998) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-145
    • Smeets, C.J.P.P.1    Duynkerke, P.G.2    Vugts, H.F.3
  • 49
    • 28944447615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of katabatic flow with changing slope angle
    • DOI: 10.1175/MWR2982.1
    • Smith, C.M., and E.D. Skyllingstad (2005), Numerical simulation of katabatic flow with changing slope angle, Monthly Weath. Rev. 133, 11, 3065-3080, DOI: 10.1175/MWR2982.1.
    • (2005) Monthly Weath. Rev. , vol.133 , Issue.11 , pp. 3065-3080
    • Smith, C.M.1    Skyllingstad, E.D.2
  • 50
    • 33748358598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modelling of katabatic flow over a melting outflow glacier
    • DOI: 10.1007/s10546-006-9059-3
    • Söderberg, S., and O. Parmhed (2006), Numerical modelling of katabatic flow over a melting outflow glacier, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 120, 3, 509-534, DOI: 10.1007/s10546-006-9059-3.
    • (2006) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.120 , Issue.3 , pp. 509-534
    • Söderberg, S.1    Parmhed, O.2
  • 51
    • 0031401475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momentum, heat, and moisture budgets of the katabatic wind layer over a midlatitude glacier in summer
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0763:MHAMBO>2.0.CO;2
    • Van den Broeke, M.R. (1997), Momentum, heat, and moisture budgets of the katabatic wind layer over a midlatitude glacier in summer, J. Appl. Meteorol. 36, 6, 763-774, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0450(1997)036<0763:MHAMBO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1997) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 763-774
    • Van den Broeke, M.R.1
  • 52
    • 0032714378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbulence in a katabatic flow. Does it resemble turbulence in stable boundary layers over flat surfaces?
    • DOI: 10.1023/A:1001744822857
    • Van der Avoird, E., and P.G. Duynkerke (1999), Turbulence in a katabatic flow. Does it resemble turbulence in stable boundary layers over flat surfaces? Bound.-Layer Meteor. 92, 1, 39-66, DOI: 10.1023/ A:1001744822857.
    • (1999) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-66
    • Van der Avoird, E.1    Duynkerke, P.G.2
  • 53
    • 34548567729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large eddy simulation of the stable boundary-layer: A retrospect to Nieuwstadt's early work
    • DOI: 10.1007/s10494-007-9093-3
    • Van Dop, H., and S.L. Axelsen (2007), Large eddy simulation of the stable boundary-layer: A retrospect to Nieuwstadt's early work, Flow Turb. Combust. 79, 3, 235-249. DOI: 10.1007/s10494-007-9093-3.
    • (2007) Flow Turb. Combust. , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-249
    • Van Dop, H.1    Axelsen, S.L.2
  • 54
    • 0033392650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a regional atmospheric model using measurements of surface heat exchange processes from a site in Antarctica
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1994:EOARAM>2.0.CO;2
    • Van Lipzig, N.P.M., E. van Meijgaard, and J. Oerlemans (1999), Evaluation of a regional atmospheric model using measurements of surface heat exchange processes from a site in Antarctica, Monthly Weath. Rev. 127, 9, 1994-2011, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0493(1999)127<1994:EOARAM>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1999) Monthly Weath. Rev. , vol.127 , Issue.9 , pp. 1994-2011
    • Van Lipzig, N.P.M.1    van Meijgaard, E.2    Oerlemans, J.3
  • 55
    • 57049117899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downslope flows on a low-angle slope and their interactions with valley inversions. Part I: Observations
    • DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1669.1
    • Whiteman, C.D., and S. Zhong (2008), Downslope flows on a low-angle slope and their interactions with valley inversions. Part I: Observations, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 47, 7, 2023-2038, DOI: 10.1175/ 2007JAMC1669.1.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 2023-2038
    • Whiteman, C.D.1    Zhong, S.2
  • 56
    • 0036676833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-splitting methods for elastic models using forward time schemes
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2088:TSMFEM>2.0.CO;2
    • Wicker, L.J., and W.C. Skamarock (2002), Time-splitting methods for elastic models using forward time schemes, Monthly Weath. Rev. 130, 8, 2088-2097, DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2088:TSMFEM>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Monthly Weath. Rev. , vol.130 , Issue.8 , pp. 2088-2097
    • Wicker, L.J.1    Skamarock, W.C.2
  • 57
    • 4344617845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward numerical modelling in the "Terra Incognita"
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1816:TNMITT>2.0.CO;2
    • Wyngaard, J.C. (2004), Toward numerical modelling in the "Terra Incognita", J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 14, 1816-1826, DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(2004)061<1816:TNMITT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , Issue.14 , pp. 1816-1826
    • Wyngaard, J.C.1
  • 58
    • 0021038025 scopus 로고
    • 2l turbulence closure model
    • DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<0091:SONDFB>2.0.CO;2
    • 2l turbulence closure model, J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 91-106, DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<0091:SONDFB>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 91-106
    • Yamada, T.1
  • 59
    • 57649158456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downslope flows on a low-angle slope and their interactions with valley inversions. Part II: Numerical modelling
    • DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1670.1
    • Zhong, S., and C.D. Whiteman (2008), Downslope flows on a low-angle slope and their interactions with valley inversions. Part II: Numerical modelling, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 47, 7, 2039-2057, DOI: 10.1175/ 2007JAMC1670.1.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 2039-2057
    • Zhong, S.1    Whiteman, C.D.2
  • 60
    • 34848819368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarity theory and calculation of turbulent fluxes at the surface for the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer
    • DOI: 10.1007/s10546-007-9187-4
    • Zilitinkevich, S. S., and I.N. Esau (2007), Similarity theory and calculation of turbulent fluxes at the surface for the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 125, 193-205, DOI: 10.1007/s10546-007-9187-4.
    • (2007) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.125 , pp. 193-205
    • Zilitinkevich, S.S.1    Esau, I.N.2
  • 61
    • 34848855725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy- and flux-budget (EFB) turbulence closure model for stably stratified flows. Part I: Steady-state, homogeneous regimes
    • DOI: 10.1007/s10546-007-9189-2
    • Zilitinkevich, S.S., T. Elperin, N. Kleeorin, and I. Rogachevskii (2007), Energy- and flux-budget (EFB) turbulence closure model for stably stratified flows. Part I: Steady-state, homogeneous regimes, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 125, 2, 167-191, DOI: 10.1007/s10546-007-9189-2.
    • (2007) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-191
    • Zilitinkevich, S.S.1    Elperin, T.2    Kleeorin, N.3    Rogachevskii, I.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.