Spore-like bodies in some early Paleozoic acritarchs: Clues to chlorococcalean affinities

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 541-551

  Kaźmierczak, Józef ^a   Kremer, Barbara ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (Poland)

Author keywords

Acritarchs; Chlorococcales; Microfossils; Paleozoic; Phytoplankton evolution

Indexed keywords

ACRITARCH; DEVONIAN; GREEN ALGA; MICROFOSSIL; PHYTOPLANKTON; SILURIAN;

ACANTHOMORPHA; ACRITARCHA; ALGAE; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CHLOROCOCCALES; CHLOROPHYTA;

EID: 70349538663     PISSN: 05677920     EISSN: 17322421     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4202/app.2008.0060     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Arouri, K., Greenwood, P.F., and Walter, M.R. 1999. A possible chlorophycean affinity of some Neoproterozoic acritarchs. Organic Geochemistry 30: 1323-1337.
2. Arouri, K., Greenwood, P.F., and Walter, M.R. 2000. Biological affinities of Neoproterozoic acritarchs from Australia: microscopic and chemical characterization. Organic Geochemistry 31: 75-89.
3. 14C-acetate, studied in synchronous cultures. Planta 107: 1-32.
4. Baldauf, S.L. 2003. The deep roots of eukaryotes. Science 300: 1703-1706.
5. 15N study of the thermally altered Silurian cyano- bacterial mats. Organic Geochmistry 40: 149-157.
6. Burczyk, J., Śmietana, B., Termińska-Pabis, K., Zych, M., and Kowa-lowski, P. 1999. Comparison of nitrogen content, amino acid composi- tion and glucosamine content of cell walls of various chlorococcalean algae. Phytochemistry 51: 491-497.
7. Butterfield, N.J. 2005. Probable Proterozoic fungi. Paleobiology 31: 165-182.
8. Colbath, G.K. 1980. Abundance fluctuations in the Upper Ordovician organic-walled microplankton from Indiana. Micropaleontology 26: 97-102.
9. Colbath, G.K. and Grenfell, H.R. 1995. Review of biological affinities of Paleozoic acid-resistant, organic-rich eukaryotic algal microfossils (in- cluding acritarchs). Review of Palaeobotany and. Palynology 86: 287-314.
10. de Leeuw, J.W., Versteegh, G.J.M., and van Bergen, P.F. 2006. Biomacro- molecules of algae and plants and their fossil analogues. Plant Ecology 182: 209-233.
11. Dorning, K.J. 1981. SilurianacritarchdistributionintheLudlovianshelfsea of South Wales and the Welsh Borderland. In: J.W. Neale and M.D. Brasier (eds.), Microfossils from Recent and Fossil Shelf Seas, 31-36. Ellis Horwood, Chichester
12. Dorning, K.J. 2004. Acritarch Classification Working Group Report for 2004. In: M. Vecoli and R. Wicander (eds.), Acritarch Newsletter 20, December 2004. International Commission on Palaeozoic Microflora (CIMP), 17-20. Website: http://www.shef.ac.uk/cidmdp/Subcom. Acritarchs and Related Forms.
13. Downie, C., Evitt, W.R., and Sarjeant, W.A.S. 1963. Dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres, and the classification of the acritarchs. Stanford University Publications in Geological Sciences 7: 3-16.
14. Downie, C. 1973. Observationson the nature ofthe acrtitarchs. Palaeontology 16: 239-259.
15. Droop, M.R. 1974. Heterotrophy of carbon. In: W.D. Stewart (ed.), Algal Physiology and Biochemistry, 530-559. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford.
16. Dunstan, G.A., Volkman, J.K., Jeffrey, S.W., and Barrett, S.N. 1992. Biochemical composition of microalgae from the green classes Chlorophyceae and Prasinophyceae. II: Lipid classes and fatty acids. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 161: 115-134.
17. Eisenack, A. 1956. Probleme der Vermehrung und des Lebensraumes bei der Gattung Leiosphaera (Hystrichosphaeridea). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 102: 402-408.
18. Eisenack, A. 1958a. Mikrofossilien aus dem Ordovizium des Baltikums. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 39: 389-405.
19. Eisenack, A. 1958b. Tasmanites Newton 1875 und Leiosphaeridia N.G. als Gattungen der Hystrichosphaeridea. Palaeontographica 110 (Abt. A, L1-3): 1-19.
20. Eisenack, A. 1968. Über die Fortpflanzung paläozoischer Hystrichosphären. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 131: 1-22.
21. Ettl, H. 1980. Grundriß der allgemeinen Algologie. 549 pp. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
22. Ettl, H. 1988a. Über Definitionen und Terminologie der asexuellen Fort pflanzungszellenbei Grünalgen(Chlorophyta). Archivfür Protistenkunde 135: 17-34.
23. Ettl, H. 1988b. Zellteilung und Sporulation als wichtige Unterscheidungsmerkmale bei Grünalgen (Chlorophyta). Archiv für Protistenkunde 135: 103-118.
24. Ettl, H. and Komárek, J. 1982.Wasversteht manunterdem Begriffcoccale Grünalgen? Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement 60(4), Algological Studies 29: 345-374.
25. Ettl, H., Müller, D.G., Neumann, K., Stosch, H.A. von, and Weber, W. 1967. Vegetative Fortpflanzung, Parthenogenese und Apogamie bei Algen. In: W. Ruhland (ed.), Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie, Band 18: 597-776, Springer, Berlin.
26. Evitt, W.R. 1963. A discussion and proposals concerning fossil dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres, and acritarchs, II. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 49: 298-302.
27. Falkowski, P.G., Katz, M.E., Knoll, A.H., Quigg, A., Raven, J.A., Schofield, O., and Taylor, F.J.R. 2004. The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton. Science 305: 354-360.
28. Fensome, R.A., Williams, G.L., Barss, M.S., Freeman, J.M., and Hill, J.M. 1990. Acritarchs and fossil prasinophytes: an index to genera, species and intraspecific taxa. American Association Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation Contributions Series 25: 1-771.
29. Fritsch, F.E. 1965. The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae, v. 1. 791 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Guy-Ohlson, D. 1996. Prasinophycean Algae. In: J. Jansonius and D.C. McGregor(eds.), Palynology:PrinciplesandApplications, v.1, 181-189. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Salt Lake City.
30. Hanagata, N., Karube, I., and Chihara, M. 1996. Bark-inhabiting green algae in Japan (3) Chlorella trebouxioides and Ch. angusto ellipsoidea, sp. nov, (Chlorelloideae, Chlorellaceae, Chlorococcales). Journal of Japanese Botany 71: 36-43.
31. Hedges, S.B., Blair, J.E., Venturi, M.L., and Shoe, J.L. 2004. A molecular time scale of eukaryote evolution and the rise of complex multicellular life. BMC Evolutionary Biology 4: 1-9.
32. Hegewald, E. and Schnepf, E. 1984. Zur Struktur und Taxonomie bestachelter Chlorellales (Micractiniaceae, Golenkiniaceae, Siderocystopsis). Nova Hedwigia 39: 297-383.
33. Hermann, T.N. 1990. Organic World Billion Years Ago. 50 pp. Nauka, Leningrad.
34. Hibberd, D.J. 1990. Phylum Xantophyta. In: L. Margulis, J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman (eds.), Handbook of Protoctista, 686-697. Jones and Barlett Publishers, Boston.
35. Hindák, F., 1980. Studies on the chlorococcal algae (Chlorophyceae). II. Biologicke Práce 26 (6): 5-195.
36. Horstig, G. von and Stettner, G. 1976. Geologische Karte von Bayern 1:25000. Erläuterungen zu Blatt 5735 Schwarzenbach am Wald, 1-61. Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, München.
37. Huss, V.A.R., Ciniglia, C., Cennano, P., Cozzalino, S., Pinto, G., and Pollio, A. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position of Chlorella like isolates from low pH environments (pH <3.0). BMC Evolutionary Biology 2: 13-21.
38. Javaux, E.J. and Marshall, C.P. 2006. A new approach in deciphering early protist paleobiology and evolution: Combined microscopy and microchemistry of single Proterozoic acritarchs. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 139: 1-15.
39. Javaux, E.J., Knoll, A.H., and Walter, M.R. 2001. Morphological and ecological complexityinearlyeukaryoticecosystems. Nature 412: 66-69.
40. Javaux, E.J., Knoll, A.H., and Walter, M.R., 2003. Recognizing and interpreting the fossils of early eukaryotes. Origin of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 33: 75-94.
41. Javaux, E.J., Knoll, A.H., and Walter, M.R. 2004. TEM evidence for eukaryotic diversity in mid-Proterozoic oceans. Geobiology 2: 121-132.
42. Jux, U. 1971. Über den Feinbau der Wandungen einiger paläozoischer Baltisphaeridiaceen. Palaeontographica B 136: 115-128.
43. Katz, M.E., Finkel, Z.V., Grzebyk, D., Knoll, A.H., and Falkowski, P.G. 2004. Evolutionary trajectories and biogeochemical impacts of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton. Annual Review of Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics 35: 523-556.
44. Kaźmierczak, J. 1975. Colonial Volvocales (Chlorophyta) from the Upper Devonian of Poland and their palaeoenvironmental significance. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 20: 73-85.
45. Kaźmierczak, J. and Kremer, B. 2005. Postmortem calcified Devonian acritarchs as a source of calcispheric structures. Facies 51: 554-565.
46. Kirk, D.L. 1998.Volvox:Molecular-GeneticOriginsofMulticellularityand Cellular Differentiation. 381 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
47. Kjellström, G. 1968. Remarks on the chemistry and ultrastructure of the cell wall of some Paleozoic leiospheres. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 90: 221-228.
48. Knoll, A.H. 1989. Evolution and extinction in the marine realm: some constraints imposed by phytoplankton. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 325: 279-290.
49. Knoll, A.H., Javaux, E.J., Hewitt, D., and Cohen, P. 2006. Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 361: 1023-1038.
50. Kodner, R.B., Pearson, A., Summons, R.E., and Knoll, A.H. 2008. Sterols in red and green algae: quantification, phylogeny, and relevance for the interpretation of geologic steranes. Geobiology 6: 411-420.
51. Komárek, J. and Fott, B. 1983. Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen) Ordnung: Chlorococcales. In: G. Huber-Pestalozzi (ed.), Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers: 7. Teil 1. Hälfte. 1001 pp. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlags buchhandlung, Stuttgart.
52. Kováčik, L. 1975. Taxonomic review of the genus Tetraedron (Chlorococcales). Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement 46, Algological Studies 13: 354-391.
53. Kozłowski, R. and Kaźmierczak, J. 1968a. On two Ordovician calcareous algae. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 13: 325-346.
54. Kozłowski, R. and Kaźmierczak, J. 1968b. Sur une Algue ordovicienne conservant le thalle organique. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des sciences Paris, Série D 226: 2147-2148.
55. Kremer, B. 2001. Acritarchs from the Upper Ordovician of southern Holy CrossMountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 46: 595-601.
56. Kremer, B. 2005. Mazuelloids: Product of post-mortem phosphatization of acanthomorphic acritarchs. Palaios 20: 27-36.
57. Kremer, B. and Kaźmierczak, J. 2005. Cyanobacterial mats from Silurian black radio lariancherts: phototrophiclifeat the edge of darkness?. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75: 895-904.
58. Le Hérissé, A. 1989. Acritarches et kystes d'algues Prasinophycées du Silurien de Gotland, Suede. Palaeontographia Italica 76: 57-302.
59. Lindgren, S. 1981. Remarks on the taxonomy, botanical affinities, and distribution of leio spheres. Stockholm Contributions in Geology 38: 1-20.
60. Marshal, C.P., Javaux, E.J., Knoll, A.H., and Walter, M.R. 2005. Combined micro-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy of Proterozoic acritarchs: A new approach to palaeobiology. Precambrian Research 138: 208-224.
61. Martin, F. 1993. Acritarchs: A review. Biological Reviews 68: 475-538.
62. Melkonian, M. 1989. Phylum Chlorophyta Class Prasinophyceae, In: L. Margulis, J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman (eds.), Handbook of Protoctista, 600-607. Jones and Barlett Publishers, Boston.
63. Moldowan, J.M. and Talyzina, N.M. 1998. Biogeochemical evidence for dino flagel late ancestors in the Early Cambrian. Science 281: 1168-1170.
64. Moldovan, J.M., Dahl, J., Jacobson, S.R., Huizinga, B.J., Fago, F.J., Shetty, R., Watt, D.S., and Peters, K.E. 1996. Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies: Molecular evidence linking cyst-forming dinoflagellates with preTriassic ancestors. Geology 24: 159-162.
65. Molyneux, S.G., Le Hérissé, A., and Wicander, R. 1996. Paleozoic phytoplankton. In: J. Jansonius and D.C. McGregor (eds.), Palynology: Principles and Applications, v. 2, 493-529. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Salt Lake City.
66. Munnecke, A. and Servais, T. 1996. Scanning electron microscopy of polished, slightly etched rock surfaces: a method to observe palynomorphs in situ. Palynology 20: 163-176.
67. Pfiester, L.A. 1989.Dino flagel late sexuality. International Review of Cytology 114: 249-272.
68. Raymont, J.E.G. 1980. Plankton and Productivity in the Oceans (2nd edition). 489 pp. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
69. Riegel, W. 2008. The Late Palaeozoic phytoplankton blackout-Artefact or evidence of global change? Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 148: 73-90.
70. Schopf, J.W. 1968. MicrofloraoftheBitterSpringsFormation, latePrecambrian, central Australia. Journal of Paleontology 42: 561-688.
71. Schopf, J.W. 1992. Patterns of Proterozoic microfossil diversity: An initial, tentative analysis. In: J.W. Schopf and C. Klein (eds.), The Proterozoic Biosphere. A multidisciplinary study, 529-552. Cambridge University Press, New York.
72. Schopf, J.W., Kudryavtsev, A.B., Czaja, A.D., and Tripathi, A.B. 2007. Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. Precambrian Research 158: 141-155.
73. Servais, T. 1996. Some considerations on acritarch classification. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 93: 9-22.
74. Servais, T., Li, J., Stricanne, L., Vecoli, M., and Wicander, R. 2004. Acritarchs. In: B. Webby, F. Paris, M. Droser, and I.G. Percival (eds.), The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, 348-360. Columbia University Press, New York.
75. Sieburth, J.M. 1979. Sea Microbes. 491 pp. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
76. Sluiman, H.J., Kouwets, F.A.C., and Blommers, P.C.J. 1989. Classification and definition of cytokinetic patterns in green algae: Sporulation versus (vegetative) cell division. Archiv für Protistenkunde 137: 277-290.
77. Stanevich, A.M., Chatta, E.N., Kornilova, T.A., and Nemerov, V.K. 2007. Habitats and probable nature of acritarchs from the Upper Riphean Chencha Formation. Paleontological Journal 41: 87-94.
78. Stein, V. 1965. Stratigraphische und paläontologische Untersuchungen im Silur des Frankenwaldes. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 121: 111-200.
79. Strother, P.K. 1996. Acritarchs. In: J. Jansonius and D.C. McGregor (eds.), Palynology: Principles and Applications, v. 1, 81-106. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Salt Lake City.
80. Talyzina, N.M. and Moczydłowska, M. 2000. Morphological and ultrastructural studies of some acritarchs from the Lower Cambrian Lukat I Formation, Estonia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 112: 1-21.
81. Talyzina, N.M., Moldowan, J.M., Johannisson, A., and Fago, F.J. 2000. Affinities of early Cambrian acritarchs studied by using microscopy, fluorescence flow cytometry and biomarkers. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 108: 37-53.
82. Tappan, H. 1980. The Paleobiology of Plant Protists. 1028 pp. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.
83. Tibbs, S.L, Briggs, D.E.G., and Prössl, K.F. 2003. Pyritisation of plant microfossilsfrom the Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Germany. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 77: 241-246.
84. Teyssèdre, B. 2006. Are the green algae (phylum Viridiplantae) two billion years old? Carnets de Géologie/Notebooks on Geology A03: 1-14.
85. Tschermak-Woess, E. 1989. Developmental studies in trebouxioid algae and taxonomical consequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution 164: 161-195.
86. Versteegh, G.J.M. and Blokker, P. 2004. Resistant macromolecules of extant and fossil microalgae. Phycological Research 52: 325-339.
87. Vidal, G. and Knoll, A.H. 1983.Proterozoicplankton. Geological Society of America Memoirs 161: 265-277.
88. Waterbury, J.B. 1979. Development patterns of pleurocapsalean cyanobacteria. In: J.H. Parish (ed.), Developmental Biology of Prokaryotes, 203-226. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford.
89. Waterbury, J.B. and Stanier, R.Y. 1978. Patterns of growth and development in pleurocapsalean cyanobacteria. Microbiological Reviews 42: 2-44
90. Wicander, R. 2002. Acritarchs: Proterozoic and Paleozoic enigmatic organic-walled microfossils. In: R.B. Hoover, G.V. Levin, R.R. Paepe, and A.Yu. Rozanov (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology IV. Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) 4495: 331-340.
91. Willman, S. 2009. Morphology and wall ultrastructure of leiosphaeric and a canthomorphic acritarchs from the Ediacaran of Australia. Geobiology 7: 8-20.
92. Willman, S. and Moczydłowska, M. 2007. Wall ultrastructure of an Ediacaran acritarch from the Officer Basin, Australia. Lethaia 40: 111-123.
93. Willman, S., Moczydłowska, M., and Grey, K. 2006. Neoproterozoic(Ediacaran)diversificationofacritarchs-AnewrecordfromtheMurnaroo1 drillcore, eastern Officer Basin, Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 139: 17-39.
94. Wood, G.D. 1996. Biostratigraphic, paleoecologic and biologic significance of the Silurian (Llandovery) acritarch Beromia rexroadii gen. emend.etsp.nov., mid-continent and eastern United States. Palynology 20: 177-189.
95. Yamamoto, M., Fujishita, M., Hirata, A., and Kawano, S. 2004. Regeneration and maturation of daughter cell walls in the autospore-forming green alga Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). Journal of Plant Research 117: 257-264.
96. Yan, Z. 1991. Shale-facies microflora from the Changzhougou Formation (Changcheng System) in Pangjiapu Region, Hebei. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 8: 183-195.
97. Yin, L.1998.AcanthomorphicacritarchsfromMeso-Neoproterozoicshales of the Ruyang Group, Shanxi, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 98: 15-25.
98. Zhang, Z., 1986.Clasticfacies microfossils from the Chuanlinggou Formation (1800 Ma) near Jixian, North China. Journal of Micropalaeontology 5: 9-16.