Tracking provenance change during the late Miocene in the eastern Mediterranean using geochemical and environmental magnetic parameters

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 9, Issue 12, 2008, Pages

  Kohler C M ^a,b   Heslop, D ^a   Dekkers, M J ^b   Krijgsman, W ^b   Van Hinsbergen, D J J ^b   Von Dobeneck, T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Eastern mediterranean; Fuzzy c means cluster analysis; Geochemical parameters; Paleoenvironment; Rock magnetism

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349512387     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002127     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bergametti, G. L. Gomes, G. Coude-Gaussen, P. Rognon, and M.-N. Le Coustumer (1989), African dust observed over Canary Islands: Source-regions identification and transport pattern for some summer situations, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14,855-14,864, doi:10.1029/JD094iD12p14855.
2. Bezdek, J. C. (1981), Pattern Recognition With Fuzzy Objective Functions, 256 pp., Plenum, New York.
3. Bezdek, J. C., R. Ehrlich, and W. Full (1984), The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, Comput. Geosci., 10, 191-203, doi:10.1016/0098-3004(84) 90020-7.
4. Bloemendal, J., J. W. King, F. R. Hall, and S.-J. Doh (1992), Rock magnetism of Late Neogene and Pleistocene deep-sea sediments: Relationship to sediment source, diagenetic processes and sediment lithology, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4361-4375, doi:10.1029/91JB03068.
5. Cande, S. C., and D. V. Kent (1995), Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6093-6095, doi:10.1029/ 94JB03098.
6. Chiapello, I. G. Bergametti, B. Chatenet, P. Bousquet, F. Dulac, and E. Santos Soares (1997), Origins of African dust transported over the northeastern tropical Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13,701-13,709, doi:10.1029/97JD00259.
7. Cornell, R. M., and U. Schwertmann (1996), The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence, and Uses, 573 pp., Weinheim, New York.
8. Deaton, B. C., and W. L. Balsam (1991), Visible spectroscopy-A rapid method for determining hematite and goethite concentration in geological materials, J. Sediment. Petrol., 61, 628-632.
9. Dekkers, M. J., C. G. Langereis, S. P. Vriend, P. J. M. van Santvoort, and G. J. de Lange (1994), Fuzzy c-means cluster analysis of early diagenetic effects on natural remanent magnetisation acquisition in a 1.1 Myr piston core from the central Mediterranean, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 85, 155-171, doi:10.1016/0031-9201(94)90014-0.
10. deMenocal, P., J. Bloemendal, and J. W. King (1991), A rockmagnetic record of monsoonal dust deposition to the Arabian Sea: Evidence for a shift in the mode of deposition at 2.4 Ma, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 117, 389-407.
11. Fortuin, A. R. (1978), Late Cenozoic history of eastern Crete and implications for the geology and geodynamics of the southern Aegean region, Geol. Mijnbouw, 57, 451-464.
12. Foucault, A., and F. Mélières (2000), Palaeoclimatic cyclicity in central Mediterranean Pliocene sediments: The mineralogical signal, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 158, 311-323, doi:10.1016/S0031- 0182(00)00056-0. (Pubitemid 30392513)
13. Griffin, D. L. (1999), The late Miocene climate of northeastern Africa: Uravelling the signals in the sedimentary succession, J. Geol. Soc., 156, 817-826, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.4.0817.
14. Hanesch, M., R. Scholger, and M. J. Dekkers (2001), The application of fuzzy c-means cluster analysis and non-linear mapping to a soil data set for the detection of polluted sites, Phys. Chem. Earth, Part A, 26(11-12), 885-891, doi:10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00137-5. (Pubitemid 33030744)
15. Hilgen, F. J., W. Krijgsman, C. G. Langereis, L. J. Lourens, A. Santarelli, and W. J. Zachariasse (1995), Extending the astronomical (polarity) time scale into theMiocene, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 495-510, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(95) 00207-S.
16. Jacobshagen, V. (1986), Geologie von Griechenland, pp. 257-279, Borntraeger, Berlin.
17. King, J. W., and J. E. T. Channell (1991), Sedimentary magnetism, environmental magnetism, and magnetostratigraphy, Rev. Geophys., 29, 358-370.
18. Kouwenhoven, T. J., M.-S. Seidenkrantz, and G. J. van der Zwaan (1999), Deep-water changes: The near-synchronous disappearance of a group of benthic foraminifera from the Late Miocene Mediterranean, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 152, 259-281, doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00065-6. (Pubitemid 29432435)
19. Kouwenhoven, T. J., F. J. Hilgen, and G. J. van der Zwaan (2003), Late Tortonian-early Messinian stepwise disruption of the Mediterranean Atlantic connections: Constraints from benthic foraminiferal and geochemical data, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 198, 303-319, doi:10.1016/ S0031-0182(03)00472-3.
20. Krijgsman, W. F. J. Hilgen, C. G. Langereis, A. Santarelli, and W. J. Zachariasse (1995), Late Miocene magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy in the Mediterranean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 475-494, doi:10.1016/ 0012-821X(95)00206-R.
21. Kruiver, P. P., Y. S. Kok, M. J. Dekkers, C. G. Langereis, and C. Laj (1999), A pseudo-Thellier relative palaeointensity record, and rock magnetic and geochemical parameters in relation to climate during the last 276 kyr in the Azores region, Geophys. J. Int., 136, 757-770, doi:10.1046/ j.1365-246x.1999. 00777.x.
22. Kruiver, P. P., W. Krijgsman, C. G. Langereis, and M. J. Dekkers (2002), Cyclostratigraphy and rock-magnetic investigation of theNRMsignal in late Miocene palustrine-alluvial deposits of the Librilla section (SE Spain), J. Geophys. Res., 107(B12), 2334, doi:10.1029/2001JB000945.
23. Larrasoaña, J. C., A. P. Roberts, E. J. Rohling, M. Winklhofer, and R. Wehausen (2003a), Three million years of monsoon variability over the northern Sahara, Clim. Dyn., 21, 689-698, doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0355-z. (Pubitemid 38098394)
24. Larrasoaña, J. C., A. P. Roberts, J. S. Stoner, C. Richter, and R. Wehausen (2003b), A new proxy for bottom-water ventilation in the eastern Mediterranean based on diagenetically controlled magnetic properties of sapropel-bearing sediments, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 190, 221-242, doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00607-7. (Pubitemid 36264216)
25. Larrasoaña, J. C., A. P. Roberts, A. Hayes, R. Wehausen, and E. J. Rohling (2006), Detecting missing beats in the Mediterranean climate rhythm from magnetic identification of oxidized sapropels, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 156, 283-293, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2005.04.017. (Pubitemid 43862992)
26. Laskar, J. (1990), The chaotic motion of the solar system: A numerical estimate of the size of the chaotic zones, Icarus, 88, 266-291, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(90)90084-M.
27. Laskar, J. P. Robutel, F. Joutel, M. Gastineau, A. C. M. Correia, and B. Levard (2004), A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261-285, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041335.
28. Lourens, L. J., R. Wehausen, and H.-J. Brumsack (2001), Geological constraints on tidal dissipation and dynamical ellipticity of the Earth over the past three million years, Nature, 409, 1029-1033, doi:10.1038/35059062. (Pubitemid 32204052)
29. Madeira, J., A. Bedidi, B. Cervelle, M. Pouget, and N. Flay (1997), Visible spectrometric indices of hematite (Hm) and goethite (Gt) content in lateritic soils: The application of a Thematic Mapper (TM) image for soil-mapping in Brasilia, Brazil, Int. J. Remote Sens., 18, 2835-2852, doi:10.1080/ 014311697217369.
30. Meulenkamp, J. E., and F. J. Hilgen (1986), Event stratigraphy, basin evolution and tectonics of the Hellenic and Calabro-Sicilian arcs, in The Origin of Arcs, edited by F.-C. Wezel, pp. 327-350, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
31. Meulenkamp, J. E., W. A. Van der Zwaan, and W. A. Van Wamel (1994), On Late Miocene to Recent vertical motions in the Cretan segment of the Hellenic arc, Tectonophysics, 234, 53-72, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)90204-6.
32. Passier, H. F., M. J. Dekkers, and G. J. de Lange (1998), Sediment chemistry and magnetic properties in an anomalously reducing core from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Chem. Geol., 152, 287-306, doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(98) 00121-1. (Pubitemid 29097088)
33. Peterson, L. C., G. H. Haug, K. A. Hughen, and U. Röhl (2000), Rapid changes in the hydrological cycle of the Tropical Atlantic during the last glacial, Science, 290, 1947-1951, doi:10.1126/science.290.5498.1947.
34. Postma, G., F. J. Hilgen, and W. J. Zachariasse (1993), Precession-punctuated growth of a late Miocene submarine-fan lobe on Gavdos (Greece), Terra Nova, 5, 438-444, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1993.tb00281.x.
35. Roberts, A. P., J. S. Stoner, and C. Richter (1999), Diagenetic magnetic enhancement of sapropels from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Geol., 153, 103-116, doi:10.1016/ S0025-3227(98)00087-5.
36. Ruddiman, W. F., et al. (1989), Late Miocene to Pleistocene evolution of climate in Africa and the low-latitude Atlantic: Overview of Leg 108 results, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 108, 463-484.
37. Sammon, J. W. (1969), A non-linear mapping for data structure analysis, IEEE Trans. Comput., C18, 401-409, doi:10.1109/T-C.1969.222678.
38. Schenau, S. J., A. Antonarakou, F. J. Hilgen, L. J. Lourens, I. A. Nijenhuis, C. H. van der Weijden, and W. J. Zachariasse (1999), Organic-rich layers in the Metochia section (Gavdos, Greece): Evidence for a single mechanism of sapropel formation during the past 10 My, Mar. Geol., 153, 117-135, doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00086-3. (Pubitemid 29015067)
39. Schmidt, A. M., T. von Dobeneck, and U. Bleil (1999), Magnetic characterization of Holocene sedimentation in the South Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 14, 465-481, doi:10.1029/1999PA900020.
40. Stoner, J. S., J. E. T. Channell, and C. Hillaire-Marcel (1996), The magnetic signature of rapidly deposited detrital layers from the deep Labrador Sea: Relationship to North Atlantic Heinrich layers, Paleoceanography, 11, 309-325, doi:10.1029/96PA00583. (Pubitemid 26417248)
41. Urbat, M., M. J. Dekkers, and K. Krumsiek (2000), Discharge of hydrothermal fluids through sediment at the Escanda Trough, Gorda Ridge (ODP Leg 169), Assessing the effects on the rock magnetic signal, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 176, 481-494, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00024-8. (Pubitemid 30234138)
42. van Hinsbergen, D. J., and J. E. Meulenkamp (2006), Neogene supradetachment basin development on Crete (Greece) during exhumation of the South Aegean core complex, Basin Res., 18, 103-124, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117. 2005.00282.x.
43. van Santvoort, P. J. M., G. J. de Lange, C. G. Langereis, and M. J. Dekkers (1997), Geochemical and paleomagnetic evidence for the occurrence of "missing" sapropels in eastern Mediterranean sediments, Paleoceanography, 12, 773-786, doi:10.1029/97PA01351.
44. Venkatarathnam, K., and W. B. F. Ryan (1971), Dispersal patterns of clay minerals in the sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Geol., 11, 261-282, doi:10.1016/ 0025-3227(71)90028-4.
45. Vlag, P. A., P. P. Kruiver, and M. J. Dekkers (2004), Evaluating climate change by multivariate statistical techniques on magnetic and chemical properties of marine sediments (Azores region), Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 212, 23-44.
46. Vriend, S. P., P. F. M. van Gaans, J. J. Middelburg, and A. de Nijs (1988), The application of fuzzy c-means cluster analysis and non-linear mapping to geochemical data sets: Examples from Portugal, Appl. Geochem., 3, 213-224, doi:10.1016/0883-2927(88)90009-1.
47. Wedepohl, K. H. (1969), Composition and abundances of common igneous rocks, in Handbook of Geochemistry, edited by K. H. Wedepohl, 444 pp., Springer, Berlin.
48. Wehausen, R., and H.-J. Brumsack (1998), The formation of Pliocene Mediterranean sapropels: Constraints from highresolution major and minor element studies, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 160, 207-217.
49. Wehausen, R., and H.-J. Brumsack (2000), Chemical cycles in Pliocene sapropel-bearing and sapropel barren eastern Mediterranean sediments, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 158, 325-352, doi:10.1016/S0031- 0182(00)00057-2. (Pubitemid 30392514)