메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 395-399

Inflammatory bowel diseases and management considerations: Fertility and pregnancy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; AZATHIOPRINE; BUDESONIDE; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; CORTICOSTEROID; FOLIC ACID; INFLIXIMAB; MERCAPTOPURINE; NATALIZUMAB; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE;

EID: 70349508757     PISSN: 15228037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-009-0059-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0030841756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease - Occurrence, course and prognosis. An epidemiologic cohort-study
    • Munkholm P: Crohn's disease - occurrence, course and prognosis. An epidemiologic cohort-study. Dan Med Bull 1997, 44:287-302.
    • (1997) Dan Med Bull , vol.44 , pp. 287-302
    • Munkholm, P.1
  • 2
    • 0033053631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and the natural course of inflammatory bowel disease
    • vii
    • Andres PG, Friedman LS: Epidemiology and the natural course of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1999, 28:255-281, vii.
    • (1999) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.28 , pp. 255-281
    • Andres, P.G.1    Friedman, L.S.2
  • 3
    • 0025154929 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of preterm birth for women with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Baird DD, Narendranathan M, Sandler RS: Increased risk of preterm birth for women with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1990, 99:987-994.
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.99 , pp. 987-994
    • Baird, D.D.1    Narendranathan, M.2    Sandler, R.S.3
  • 4
    • 0030962381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Hudson M, Flett G, Sinclair TS, et al.: Fertility and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997, 58:229-237.
    • (1997) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.58 , pp. 229-237
    • Hudson, M.1    Flett, G.2    Sinclair, T.S.3
  • 5
    • 33750343586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threefold increased risk of infertility: A meta-analysis of infertility after ileal pouch anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis
    • Waljee A, Waljee J, Morris AM, et al.: Threefold increased risk of infertility: A meta-analysis of infertility after ileal pouch anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis. Gut 2006, 55:1575-1580.
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 1575-1580
    • Waljee, A.1    Waljee, J.2    Morris, A.M.3
  • 6
    • 0025137887 scopus 로고
    • Gynaecological problems related to anatomical changes after conventional proctocolectomy and ileostomy
    • Wikland M, Jansson I, Asztely M, et al.: Gynaecological problems related to anatomical changes after conventional proctocolectomy and ileostomy. Int J Colorectal Dis 1990, 5:49-52.
    • (1990) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.5 , pp. 49-52
    • Wikland, M.1    Jansson, I.2    Asztely, M.3
  • 7
    • 0037329350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female fecundity before and after operation for familial adenomatous polyposis
    • Olsen KO, Juul S, Bulow S, et al.: Female fecundity before and after operation for familial adenomatous polyposis. Br J Surg 2003, 90:227-231.
    • (2003) Br J Surg , vol.90 , pp. 227-231
    • Olsen, K.O.1    Juul, S.2    Bulow, S.3
  • 8
    • 33744940577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis preserves female fertility in ulcerative colitis
    • Mortier PE, Gambiez L, Karoui M: Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis preserves female fertility in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2006, 30:594-597.
    • (2006) Gastroenterol Clin Biol , vol.30 , pp. 594-597
    • Mortier, P.E.1    Gambiez, L.2    Karoui, M.3
  • 10
    • 0018647430 scopus 로고
    • Male infertility due to sulphasalazine
    • Levi AJ, Fisher AM, Hughes L, et al.: Male infertility due to sulphasalazine. Lancet 1979, 2:276-278.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 276-278
    • Levi, A.J.1    Fisher, A.M.2    Hughes, L.3
  • 11
    • 0019407903 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of sulphasalazine-induced male infertility
    • Birnie GG, McLeod TI, Watkinson G: Incidence of sulphasalazine-induced male infertility. Gut 1981, 22:452-455.
    • (1981) Gut , vol.22 , pp. 452-455
    • Birnie, G.G.1    McLeod, T.I.2    Watkinson, G.3
  • 12
    • 0020964483 scopus 로고
    • Sulfasalazine. Adverse effects and desensitization
    • Taffet SL, Das KM: Sulfasalazine. Adverse effects and desensitization. Dig Dis Sci 1983, 28:833-842.
    • (1983) Dig Dis Sci , vol.28 , pp. 833-842
    • Taffet, S.L.1    Das, K.M.2
  • 13
    • 0024419066 scopus 로고
    • Effects of mesalazine substitution on salicylazosulfapyridineinduced seminal abnormalities in men with ulcerative colitis
    • Kjaergaard N, Christensen LA, Lauritsen JG, et al.: Effects of mesalazine substitution on salicylazosulfapyridineinduced seminal abnormalities in men with ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989, 24:891-896.
    • (1989) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.24 , pp. 891-896
    • Kjaergaard, N.1    Christensen, L.A.2    Lauritsen, J.G.3
  • 14
    • 0021146285 scopus 로고
    • Reversible male infertility due to sulphasalazine: Studies in man and rat
    • O'Morain C, Smethurst P, Dore CJ, et al.: Reversible male infertility due to sulphasalazine: Studies in man and rat. Gut 1984, 25:1078-1084.
    • (1984) Gut , vol.25 , pp. 1078-1084
    • O'Morain, C.1    Smethurst, P.2    Dore, C.J.3
  • 15
    • 0023256859 scopus 로고
    • Sulphasalazine induced seminal abnormalities in ulcerative colitis: Results of mesalazine substitution
    • Riley SA, Lecarpentier J, Mani V, et al.: Sulphasalazine induced seminal abnormalities in ulcerative colitis: Results of mesalazine substitution. Gut 1987, 28:1008-1012.
    • (1987) Gut , vol.28 , pp. 1008-1012
    • Riley, S.A.1    Lecarpentier, J.2    Mani, V.3
  • 16
    • 0023910266 scopus 로고
    • Sulfasalazine-induced abnormal sperm penetration assay reversed on changing to 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas
    • Chatzinoff M, Guarino JM, Corson SL, et al.: Sulfasalazine-induced abnormal sperm penetration assay reversed on changing to 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas. Dig Dis Sci 1988, 33:108-110.
    • (1988) Dig Dis Sci , vol.33 , pp. 108-110
    • Chatzinoff, M.1    Guarino, J.M.2    Corson, S.L.3
  • 17
    • 0034776410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid in long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis: Report on tolerance and side-effects
    • DiPaolo MC, Paoluzi OA, Pica R, et al.: Sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid in long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis: report on tolerance and side-effects. Dig Liver Dis 2001, 33:563-569.
    • (2001) Dig Liver Dis , vol.33 , pp. 563-569
    • DiPaolo, M.C.1    Paoluzi, O.A.2    Pica, R.3
  • 18
    • 79961189934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic low dose of methotrexate on cellular proliferation during spermatogenesis in rats
    • Saxena AK, Dhungel S, Bhattacharya S, et al.: Effect of chronic low dose of methotrexate on cellular proliferation during spermatogenesis in rats. Arch Androl 2004, 50:33-35.
    • (2004) Arch Androl , vol.50 , pp. 33-35
    • Saxena, A.K.1    Dhungel, S.2    Bhattacharya, S.3
  • 19
    • 40949141108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of methotrexate (MTX) administration on spermatogenesis: An experimental on animal model
    • Shrestha S, Dhungel S, Saxena AK, et al.: Effect of methotrexate (MTX) administration on spermatogenesis: An experimental on animal model. Nepal Med Coll J 2007, 9:230-233.
    • (2007) Nepal Med Coll J , vol.9 , pp. 230-233
    • Shrestha, S.1    Dhungel, S.2    Saxena, A.K.3
  • 20
    • 0019945124 scopus 로고
    • Quality of semen in patients with Crohn's disease
    • Karbach U, Ewe K, Shramm P: Quality of semen in patients with Crohn's disease. Z Gastroenterol 1982, 20:314-320.
    • (1982) Z Gastroenterol , vol.20 , pp. 314-320
    • Karbach, U.1    Ewe, K.2    Shramm, P.3
  • 21
    • 0033805024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed conception and active and passive smoking. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Study Team
    • Hull MG, North K, Taylor H, et al.: Delayed conception and active and passive smoking. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Study Team. Fertil Steril 2000, 74:725-733.
    • (2000) Fertil Steril , vol.74 , pp. 725-733
    • Hull, M.G.1    North, K.2    Taylor, H.3
  • 22
    • 0026602934 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiologic study of smoking and primary infertility in women
    • Laurent SL, Thompson SJ, Addy C, et al.: An epidemiologic study of smoking and primary infertility in women. Fertil Steril 1992, 57:565-572.
    • (1992) Fertil Steril , vol.57 , pp. 565-572
    • Laurent, S.L.1    Thompson, S.J.2    Addy, C.3
  • 23
    • 37349045683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing quality of semen: A two year prospective study
    • Kalyani R, Basavaraj PB, Kumar ML: Factors influencing quality of semen: a two year prospective study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2007, 50:890-895.
    • (2007) Indian J Pathol Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 890-895
    • Kalyani, R.1    Basavaraj, P.B.2    Kumar, M.L.3
  • 25
    • 0346216970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zinc deficiency in men with Crohn's disease may contribute to poor sperm function and male infertility
    • El-Tawil AM: Zinc deficiency in men with Crohn's disease may contribute to poor sperm function and male infertility. Andrologia 2003, 35:337-341.
    • (2003) Andrologia , vol.35 , pp. 337-341
    • El-Tawil, A.M.1
  • 26
    • 0033636652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease as a risk factor for the outcome of pregnancy
    • Morales M, Berney T, Jenny A, et al.: Crohn's disease as a risk factor for the outcome of pregnancy. Hepatogastroenterology 2000, 47:1595-1598.
    • (2000) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.47 , pp. 1595-1598
    • Morales, M.1    Berney, T.2    Jenny, A.3
  • 29
    • 0024523840 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: A controlled study of late pregnancy outcome
    • Fedorkow DM, Persaud DA Nimrod CA: Inflammatory bowel disease: a controlled study of late pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989, 160:998-1001.
    • (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.160 , pp. 998-1001
    • Fedorkow, D.M.1    Persaud, D.2    Nimrod, C.A.3
  • 30
    • 34249824261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis on the influence of inflammatory bowel disease on pregnancy
    • Cornish J, Tan E, Teare J: A meta-analysis on the influence of inflammatory bowel disease on pregnancy Gut 2007, 56:830-837.
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , pp. 830-837
    • Cornish, J.1    Tan, E.2    Teare, J.3
  • 31
    • 34848818286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease: A large community-based study from Northern California
    • Mahadevan U, Sandborn WJ, Li DK, et al.: Pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease: A large community-based study from Northern California. Gastroenterology 2007, 133:1106-1112.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.133 , pp. 1106-1112
    • Mahadevan, U.1    Sandborn, W.J.2    Li, D.K.3
  • 32
    • 34250804976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic drug use in women with Crohn's disease and birth outcomes: A Danish nationwide cohort study
    • Norgård B, Pedersen L, Christensen LA, Sørensen HT: Therapeutic drug use in women with Crohn's disease and birth outcomes: A Danish nationwide cohort study Am J Gastroenterol 2007, 102:1406-1413.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 1406-1413
    • Norgård, B.1    Pedersen, L.2    Christensen, L.A.3    Sørensen, H.T.4
  • 33
    • 60949090682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of obstetric hospitalizations among women with inflammatory bowel disease in the United States
    • Nguyen GC, Boudreau H, Harris ML, Maxwell CV: Outcomes of obstetric hospitalizations among women with inflammatory bowel disease in the United States Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009, 7:329-334.
    • (2009) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.7 , pp. 329-334
    • Nguyen, G.C.1    Boudreau, H.2    Harris, M.L.3    Maxwell, C.V.4
  • 34
    • 33745603731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does pregnancy change the disease course? A study in a European cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Riis L, Vind I, Politi P: Does pregnancy change the disease course? A study in a European cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006, 101:1539-1545.
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 1539-1545
    • Riis, L.1    Vind, I.2    Politi, P.3
  • 35
    • 43549086187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapses of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: In-hospital management and birth outcomes
    • Reddy D, Murphy SJ, Kane SV: Relapses of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: In-hospital management and birth outcomes. Am J Gastroenterol 2008, 103:1203-1209.
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , pp. 1203-1209
    • Reddy, D.1    Murphy, S.J.2    Kane, S.V.3
  • 36
    • 0019419784 scopus 로고
    • The course of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and postpartum
    • Mogadam M, Korelitz BI, Ahmed SW, et al.: The course of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Am J Gastroenterol 1981, 75:265-269.
    • (1981) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.75 , pp. 265-269
    • Mogadam, M.1    Korelitz, B.I.2    Ahmed, S.W.3
  • 37
    • 26644473645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy: Report of 76 cases and review of the literature
    • Beniada A, Benoist G, Maurel J, et al.: Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy: Report of 76 cases and review of the literature. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2005, 34:581-588.
    • (2005) J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) , vol.34 , pp. 581-588
    • Beniada, A.1    Benoist, G.2    Maurel, J.3
  • 38
    • 13744261421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of breastfeeding in postpartum disease activity in women with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Kane S, Lemieux N: The role of breastfeeding in postpartum disease activity in women with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2005, 100:102-105.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 102-105
    • Kane, S.1    Lemieux, N.2
  • 39
    • 0000110498 scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration categories for the use of medications in pregnancy
    • US Food and Drug Administration
    • US Food and Drug Administration: Food and Drug Administration categories for the use of medications in pregnancy. Regulations 1980:37434-37467.
    • (1980) Regulations , pp. 37434-37467
  • 40
    • 0019250753 scopus 로고
    • Possible embryotoxicity of sulfasalazine
    • Craxi A, Pagliarello F: Possible embryotoxicity of sulfasalazine. Arch Intern Med 1980, 140:1674.
    • (1980) Arch Intern Med , vol.140 , pp. 1674
    • Craxi, A.1    Pagliarello, F.2
  • 41
  • 42
    • 0020599340 scopus 로고
    • Possible teratogenicity of sulphasalazine
    • Newman NM, Correy JF: Possible teratogenicity of sulphasalazine. Med J Aust 1983, 1:528-529.
    • (1983) Med J Aust , vol.1 , pp. 528-529
    • Newman, N.M.1    Correy, J.F.2
  • 43
    • 0019352963 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: Effect of sulfasalazine and corticosteroids on fetal outcome
    • Mogadam M, Dobbins WO 3rd, Korelitz BI, et al.: Pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: Effect of sulfasalazine and corticosteroids on fetal outcome. Gastroenterology 1981, 80:72-76.
    • (1981) Gastroenterology , vol.80 , pp. 72-76
    • Mogadam, M.1    Dobbins III, W.O.2    Korelitz, B.I.3
  • 44
    • 0035075860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based case control study of the safety of sulfasalazine use during pregnancy
    • Norgård B, Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, et al.: Population-based case control study of the safety of sulfasalazine use during pregnancy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001, 15:483-486.
    • (2001) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 483-486
    • Norgård, B.1    Czeizel, A.E.2    Rockenbauer, M.3
  • 45
    • 39749151003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome in women with inflammatory bowel disease following exposure to 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs: A metaanalysis
    • Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Rezaie A, Abdollahi M: Pregnancy outcome in women with inflammatory bowel disease following exposure to 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs: A metaanalysis. Reprod Toxicol 2008, 25:271-275.
    • (2008) Reprod Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 271-275
    • Rahimi, R.1    Nikfar, S.2    Rezaie, A.3    Abdollahi, M.4
  • 46
    • 0033662284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
    • Park-Wyllie L, Mazzotta P, Pastuszak A, et al.: Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology 2000, 62:385-392.
    • (2000) Teratology , vol.62 , pp. 385-392
    • Park-Wyllie, L.1    Mazzotta, P.2    Pastuszak, A.3
  • 47
    • 61949199912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budesonide induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease during pregnancy
    • Beaulieu DB, Ananthakrishnan AN, Issa M: Budesonide induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease during pregnancy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009, 15:25-28.
    • (2009) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.15 , pp. 25-28
    • Beaulieu, D.B.1    Ananthakrishnan, A.N.2    Issa, M.3
  • 48
    • 0036255563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogen update: Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine
    • Polifka JE, Ariedman JM: Teratogen update: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. Teratology 2002, 65:240-261.
    • (2002) Teratology , vol.65 , pp. 240-261
    • Polifka, J.E.1    Friedman, J.M.2
  • 49
    • 34250804976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic drug use in women with Crohn's disease and birth outcomes: A Danish nationwide cohort study
    • Norgärd B, Pedersen L, Christensen LA, et al.: Therapeutic drug use in women with Crohn's disease and birth outcomes: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2007, 102:1406-1413.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 1406-1413
    • Norgärd, B.1    Pedersen, L.2    Christensen, L.A.3
  • 51
    • 60749119300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental transport of immunoglobulins: A clinical review for gastroenterologists who prescribe therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to women during conception and pregnancy
    • Kane SV, Acquah LA: Placental tranAport of immunoglobulins: a clinical review for gastroenterologists who prescribe therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to women during conception and pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol 2009, 104:228-233.
    • (2009) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.104 , pp. 228-233
    • Kane, S.V.1    Acquah, L.A.2
  • 52
    • 33646147141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serious infections and mortality in association with therapies for Crohn's disease: TREAT registry
    • Lichtenstein GR, Feagan BG, Cohen RD, et al.: Serious infections and mortality in association with therapies for Crohn's disease: TREAT registry. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006, 4:621-630.
    • (2006) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.4 , pp. 621-630
    • Lichtenstein, G.R.1    Feagan, B.G.2    Cohen, R.D.3
  • 53
    • 11144266570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of pregnancy in women receiving infliximab for the treatment of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis
    • Katz JA, Antoni C, Keenan GF, et al.: Outcome of pregnancy in women receiving infliximab for the treatment of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Gastroenterol 2004, 99: 2385-2392.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 2385-2392
    • Katz, J.A.1    Antoni, C.2    Keenan, G.F.3
  • 54
    • 67650992265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of infliximab in infants and breast milk from nursing mothers receiving therapy for Crohn's disease before and after delivery
    • Kane S, Ford J, Cohen R, Wagner C: Absence of infliximab in infants and breast milk from nursing mothers receiving therapy for Crohn's disease before and after delivery. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009, 43:613-616.
    • (2009) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.43 , pp. 613-616
    • Kane, S.1    Ford, J.2    Cohen, R.3    Wagner, C.4
  • 55
    • 33751516098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The successful use of adalimumab to treat active Crohn's disease of an ileoanal pouch during pregnancy
    • Coburn LA, Wise PE, Schwartz DA: The successful use of adalimumab to treat active Crohn's disease of an ileoanal pouch during pregnancy. Dig Dis Sci 2006, 51:2045-2047.
    • (2006) Dig Dis Sci , vol.51 , pp. 2045-2047
    • Coburn, L.A.1    Wise, P.E.2    Schwartz, D.A.3
  • 56
    • 33747439637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful use of adalimumab (Humira) for Crohn's disease in pregnancy
    • Mishkin DS, Van Deinse W, Becker JM, et al.: Successful use of adalimumab (Humira) for Crohn's disease in pregnancy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006, 12:827-828.
    • (2006) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.12 , pp. 827-828
    • Mishkin, D.S.1    Van Deinse, W.2    Becker, J.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.