Unifed terminology for cestode microtriches: A proposal from the International Workshops on Cestode Systematics in 2002-2008

Folia Parasitologica

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 199-230

  Chervy, Lenta ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Cestoda; Microthrix; Microtriches; Tegument; Ultrastructure

Indexed keywords

CANDIDATUS MICROTHRIX; CESTODA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CESTODE; CLASSIFICATION; HISTOLOGY; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION;

ANIMALS; CESTODA; CLASSIFICATION; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION;

EID: 70349462617     PISSN: 00155683     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14411/fp.2009.025     Document Type: Article

References (311)

1. (Pubitemid 41305839) Agustí C., AznAr F. J., RAgA J. A. 2005: Microtriches of tetraphyllidean metacestodes from Western Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). J. Morphol. 265: 176-189.
2. Amin O., Heckmann A., Radwan N. A. E., Mantuano Anchundia J. S., Zambrano Alcivar M. A. 2009: Redescription of Rhadinorhynchus ornatus (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from skipmack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, collected in the Pacifc Ocean off South America, with special reference to new morphological features. J. Parasitol. 95: 656-664.
3. Andersen K. I. 1975: The functional morphology of the scolex of Diphyllobothrium Cobbold (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea), a scanning electron and light microscopical study on scoleces of adult D. dendriticum (Nitzsch), D. latum (L.) and D. ditremum (Creplin). Int. J. Parasitol. 5: 487-493.
4. Andersen K. I. 1979: Studies on the scolex morphology of Eubothrium spp. with emphasis on characters usable in species discrimination and with brief references on the scolices of Bothriocephalus sp. and Triaenophorus spp. (Cestoda; Pseudophyllidea). Z. Parasitenkd. 60: 147-156.
5. Andersen K. I. 1987: S. E. M. observations on plerocercus larvae of Floriceps saccatus Cuvier, 1817 and Molicola horridus (Goodsir, 1814) (Cestoda; Trypanorhyncha) from sunfsh (Mola mola). Fauna Norv., Ser. A, 8: 25-28.
6. Andersen K. I., Gibson D. I. 1989: A key to three species of larval Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) occurring in European and North American freshwater fshes. Syst. Parasitol. 13: 3-9.
7. Andersen K. I., Lysfjord S. 1982: The functional morphology of the scolex of two Tetrabothrius Rudolphi 1819 species (Cestoda; Tetrabothriidae) from penguins. Z. Parasitenkd. 67: 299-307.
8. Anonymous 1962: Report of the Systematics Association Committee for Descriptive Biological Terminology, II and IIa. Terminology of simple symmetrical plane shapes (Charts 1, 1a). Taxon 11: 7145-155, 245-247.
9. Arrendondo N. J., Gil De Pertierra A. A. 2008: The taxonomic status of Spatulifer cf. maringaensis Pavanelli & Rego, 1989 (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea) from Sorubim lima (Bloch & Schneider) (Pisces: Siluriformes), and the use of microthrix pattern in the discrimination of Spatulifer spp. Syst. Parasitol. 70: 223-236.
10. Ashour A. A., Koura E. A., Wanas M. Q. 1994: Ultrastructural study of the body surface and the fame cell of Oochoristica sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae). J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 24: 295-303.
11. Ac C. T., Séne T., Marchand B. 1995: Scanning electron microscope examination of scale-like spines on the rostellum of five Davaineinae (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea). Parasite 2: 63-67.
12. Baron P. J. 1968: On the histology and ultrastructure of Cysticercus longicollis, the cysticercus of Taenia crassiceps Zeder, 1800, (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea). Parasitology 58: 497-513.
13. Baron P. J. 1971: On the histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the cysticercoid of Raillietina cesticillus (Molin, 1858) Fuhrmann, 1920 (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea). Parasitology 62: 233-245.
14. Béguin F. 1966: Étude au microscope electronique de la cuticle et de ses structures associées chez quelques cestodes. Essai d'histologie comparée. Z. Zellforsch. 72: 30-46.
15. Berger J., Mettrick D. F. 1971: Microtrichial polymorphism among hymenolepid tapeworms as seen by scanning electron microscopy. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 90: 393-403.
16. (Pubitemid 32608455) Beveridge I., CAmPbell R. A. 2001: Grillotia australis n. sp. and G. pristiophori n. sp. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from Australian elasmobranch and teleost fshes. Syst. Parasitol. 49: 113-126.
17. (Pubitemid 30491369) Beveridge I., JOnes m.k. 2000: Prochristianella spinulifera n. sp. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from Australian dasyatid and rhinobatid rays. Syst. Parasitol. 47: 1-8.
18. Beveridge I., Smith K. 1985: An ultrastructural study of the cirrus and vagina of Phyllobothrium vagans (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea). Z. Parasitenkd. 71: 609-616.
19. Biserova N. M. 1991: [Ultrastructure of scolex and the tegument of the strobila in Echinobothrium typus (Cestoda: Diphyllidea).] Tr. Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR 241: 153-172. (In Russian.)
20. Blitz N. M., Smyth J. D. 1973: Tegumental ultrastructure of Raillietina cesticillus during the larval-adult transformation, with emphasis on the rostellum. Int. J. Parasitol. 3: 561-570.
21. Borror D. J. 1960: Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms: Compiled from the Greek, Latin, and other Languages, with Special Reference to Biological Terms and Scientifc Names. N-P Publications, Palo Alto, California, 134 pp.
22. (Pubitemid 15019153) bortoletti g., Ferretti g. 1985: Morphological studies on the early development of Taenia taeniaeformis larvae in susceptible mice. Int. J. Parasitol. 15: 365-375.
23. Boyce N. P. 1976: A new organ in cestode surface ultrastructure. Can. J. Zool. 54: 610-613.
24. Bråten T. 1968a: An electron microscope study of the tegument and associated structures of the procercoid of Diphyllobothrium latum (L.). Z. Parasitenkd. 30: 95-103.
25. Bråten T. 1968b: The fne structure of the tegument of Diphyllobothrium latum (L.) : A comparison of the plerocercoid and adult stages. Z. Parasitenkd. 30: 104-112.
26. Brockerhoff A., Jones M. K. 1995: Ultrastructure of the scolex and tentacles of the metacestode of Polypocephalus species (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidae) from the blue-swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus. Int. J. Parasitol. 25: 1077-1088.
27. Brown R. W. 1956: Composition of Scientifc Words: A Manual of Methods and a Lexicon of Materials for the Practice of Logotechnics. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 882 pp.
28. Bruňanská A. M., Fagerholm H.-P, Gustafsson M. K. S. 2000: Ultrastructure studies of preadult Proteocephalus longicollis (Cestoda, Proteocephalidea) : transmission electron microscopy of scolex sensory receptors. Parasitol. Res. 86: 89-95.
29. Burt M. D. B., Sandeman I. M. 1974: The biology of Bothrimonus (=Diplocotyle) (Pseudophyllidea: Cestoda) : detailed morphology and fne structure. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31: 147-153.
30. Caira J. N. 1990a: The tapeworm Spiniloculus mavensis (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the brownbanded bambooshark in Australia. Aust. J. Zool. 37: 705-710.
31. Caira J. N. 1990b: Scolex microtriches as systematic characters in the Onchobothriidae. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 8: 212.
32. Caira J. N. 1992: Verifcation of multiple species of Pedibothrium in the Atlantic nurse shark with comments on the Australasian members of the genus. J. Parasitol. 78: 289-308.
33. Caira J. N., Burge A. N. 2001: Three new species of Acanthobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the ocellated electric ray, Diplobatis ommata, in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Comp. Parasitol. 68: 52-65.
34. Caira J. N., Durkin S. M. 2006: A new genus and species of tetraphyllidean cestode from the spadenose shark, Scoliodon laticaudus, in Malaysian Borneo. Comp. Parasitol. 73: 42-48.
35. (Pubitemid 26406521) Caira J.n., Healy C. J., swanson J. 1996: A new species of Phoreiobothrium (Cestoidea: Tetraphyllidea) from the great hammerhead shark Sphyrna mokarran and its implications for the evolution of the onchobothriid scolex. J. Parasitol. 82: 458-462.
36. (Pubitemid 29112071) Caira J.n., Jensen k., Healy C. J. 1999: On the phylogenetic relationships among tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean and diphyllidean tapeworm genera. Syst. Parasitol 42: 77-151.
37. Caira J. N., Jensen K., Healy C. J. 2001: Interrelationships among tetraphyllidean and lecanicephalidean cestodes. In: D. T. J. Littlewood and R. A. Bray (Eds.), Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor & Francis, London and New York, pp. 135-158.
38. (Pubitemid 46801656) Caira J.n., Jensen k., rajan C. 2007a: Seven new Yorkeria species (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from Borneo and Australia and their implications for identifcation of Chiloscyllium (Elasmobranchii: Orectolobiformes) species. J. Parasitol. 93: 357-376.
39. Caira J. N., Keeling C. P. 1996: On the status of the genus Pinguicollum (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) with a redescription of P. pinguicollum. J. Parasitol. 82: 463-469.
40. Caira J. N., Mega J., Ruhnke T. R. 2005: An unusual blood sequestering tapeworm (Sanguilevator yearsleyi n. gen., n. sp.) from Borneo with description of Cathetocephalus resendezi n. sp. from Mexico and molecular support for the recognition of the order Cathetocephalidea (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda). Int. J. Parasitol. 35: 1135-1152.
41. Caira J. N., Orringer D. V. 1995: Additional information on the morphology of Potamotrygonocestus magdalenensis (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae in Colombia. J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 62: 22-26.
42. Caira J. N., Pritchard M. H. 1986: A review of the genus Pedibothrium Linton, 1909 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) with description of two new species and comments on the related genera Pachybothrium Baer and Euzet, 1962 and Balanobothrium Hornell, 1912. J. Parasitol. 72: 62-70.
43. Caira J. N., Reyda F. B., Mega J. D. 2007b: A revision of Megalonchos (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) with description of two new species and transfer of two species to Biloculuncus. Syst. Parasitol. 67: 211-223.
44. Caira J. N., Ruhnke T. R. 1990: A new species of Calliobothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the whiskery shark, Furgaleus macki, in Australia. J. Parasitol. 76: 319-324.
45. Caira J. N., Ruhnke T. R. 1991: A comparison of scolex morphology between the plerocercoid and the adult of Calliobothrium verticillatum (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae). Can. J. Zool. 69: 1484-1488.
46. Caira J. N., Tracy R. 2002: Two new species of Yorkeria (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from Chiloscyllium punctatum (Elasmobranchii: Hemiscylliidae) in Thailand. J. Parasitol. 88: 1172-1180.
47. (Pubitemid 38621334) CAirA J.n., trACy R., euzet l. 2004: Five new species of Pedibothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the tawny nurse shark, Nebrius ferrugineus, in the Pacifc Ocean. J. Parasitol. 90: 286-300.
48. Caira J. N., Zahner S. D. 2001: Two new species of Acanthobothrium Beneden, 1849 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from horn sharks in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Syst. Parasitol. 50: 219-229.
49. Campbell R. A., Marques F., Ivanov V. A. 1999: Paroncomegas araya (Woodland, 1934) n. gen. et comb. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae) from the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro in South America. J. Parasitol. 85: 313-320.
50. Cañeda-guzmán I. C., De Chambrier A., Scholz T. 2001: Thaumasioscolex didelphidis n. gen., n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae) from the black-eared opossum Didelphis marsupialis from Mexico, the frst proteocephalidean tapeworm from a mammal. J. Parasitol. 87: 639-646.
51. Carvajal J., Barros C., Whittaker F. H. 1987: Scanning electron microscopy of the scolex of the plerocercus Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha). J. Parasitol. 73: 1265-1267.
52. (Pubitemid 24161658) Casado n., Pérez-serrano J., denegrI g., rodríguez-CaaBeI- rO F. 1994: Development of truncated microtriches in Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. Parasitol. Res.0: 355-357.
53. (Pubitemid 29042477) Casado n., urrea M.a., Moreno M. J., rodríguez-CaaBeIro F. 1999: Tegumental topography of the plerocercoid of Gymnorhynchus gigas (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha). Parasitol. Res. 85: 124-130.
54. Charles G. H., Orr T. S. C. 968: Comparative fne structure of outer tegument of Ligula intestinalis and Schistocephalus solidus. Exp. Parasitol. 22: 137-149.
55. Chervy L. 2002: The terminology of larval cestodes or metacestodes. Syst. Parasitol. 52: 1-33.
56. (Pubitemid 44620024) CHubb J. C., sePPAlA t., LusCHer A., milinski m., vAltOnen E. T. 2006: Schistocephalus cotti n. sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) plerocercoids from bullheads Cottus gobio L. in an Artic river in Finland, with a key to the plerocercoids of the Palaearctic species of the genus. Syst. Parasitol. 65: 161-170.
57. Cielecka D., Grytner-Ziȩcina B., Chomicz L. 1994: Studies of the surface ultrastructure of Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Zeder, 1803) (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae). Acta Parasitol. 39: 131-137.
58. Clopton R. E. 2004: Standard nomenclature and metrics of plane shapes for use in gregarine taxonomy. Comp. Parasitol. 71: 130-140.
59. Coggins J. R. 1980: Tegument and apical end organ fne structure in the metacestode and adult Proteocephalus ambloplitis. Int. J. Parasitol. 10: 409-418.
60. Coil W. H. 1991: Platyhelminthes: Cestoidea. In: F. W. Harrison and B. J. Bogitsch (Eds.), Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Volume 3: Platyhelminthes and Nemertinea. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 219-225.
61. Conn D. B. 1988: Fine structure of the tegument of Mesocestoides lineatus tetrathyridia (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea). Int. J. Parasitol. 18: 133-135.
62. Conn D. B. 2004: Comparative aspects of postembryonic development of cestodes (Platyhelminthes) and other animal taxa. In: S. Mas-Coma (Ed.), Multidisciplinarity for Parasites, Vectors and Parasitic Diseases. Proceedings of the IX European Multicolloquium of Parasitology. Vol. 1. Articles of Keynote Speakers. Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy, pp. 319-325.
63. Conn D. B., Świderski Z. 2008: A standardised terminology of the embryonic envelopes and associated developmental stages of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda). Folia Parasitol. 55: 42-52.
64. Coutelen F. 1927: Contribution a l'étude morphologique des scolex échinococciques. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 5: 243-244.
65. Crusz H. 1947: The early development of the rostellum of Cysticercus fasciolaris Rud., and the chemical nature of its hooks. J. Parasitol. 33: 87-98.
66. Czaplinski B., Aeschlimann A., Cielecka D. 1984: Scanning electron microscopy of the cirrus surface of some Hymenolepididae (Cestoda). Acta Parasitol. Pol. 29: 59-62.
67. Czaplinski B., Cielecka D., Aeschlimann A. 1988: Some ultrastructural comparative data on Diorchis infata (Rudolphi, 1819) and D. ransomi Johri, 1939 (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae) in scanning electron microscopy. Acta Parasitol. Pol. 33: 123-125.
68. Davydov V. G., Korneva J. V., Kuperman B. I. 1995: The development of the tegument in ontogenesis of Triaenophorus nodulosus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). Folia Parasitol. 42: 269-279.
69. Davydov V. G., Kuperman B. I. 1993: The ultrastructure of the tegument and the peculiarities of the biology of Amphilina foliacea adult (Plathelminthes, Amphilinidea). Folia Parasitol. 40: 13-22.
70. Davydov V. G., Poddubnaya L. G., Kuperman B. I. 1997: An ultrastructure of some systems of Diplocotyle olrikii (Cestoda: Cyathocephalata) in relation to peculiarities of its life cycle. Parazitologiya 31: 132-141. (In Russian with English summary.)
71. Davydov V. G., Pospekhova N. A., Yurlova N. I. 1990: Ultrastructural organisation of scolex and strobila in Gastrotaenia dogieli (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae). Parazitologiya 24: 207-215. (In Russian with English summary.)
72. (Pubitemid 33289121) de CHAmbrier A. 2001: A new tapeworm from the Amazon, Amazotaenia yvettae gen. n., sp. n., (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea) from the siluriform fshes Brachyplatystoma flamentosum and B. vaillanti (Pimelodidae). Rev. Suisse Zool. 108: 303-316.
73. De Chambrier A. 2003: Systematic status of Manaosia bracodemoca Woodland, 1935 and Paramonticellia itaipuensis Pavanelli et Rego, 1991 (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), parasites of Sorubim lima (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from South America. Folia Parasitol. 50: 121-127.
74. De Chambrier A. 2004: Redescription of Ophiotaenia hylae Johnston, 1912 (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), parasite of Litoria aurea (Amphibia: Hylidae) from Australia. Rev. Suisse Zool. 111: 371-380.
75. De Chambrier A. 2006: Redescription of Kapsulotaenia sandgroundi (Carter, 1943) (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea: Acanthotaeniinae), a parasite of Varanus komodoensis (Varanoidea: Varanidae) from Indonesia. Syst. Parasitol. 63: 83-93.
76. De Chambrier A., Al-Kallak S. N. H., Mariaux J. 2003: A new tapeworm, Postgangesia inarmata n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea: Gangesiinae), parasitic in Silurus glanis (Siluriformes) from Iraq and some comments on the Gangesiinae Mola, 1929. Syst. Parasitol. 55: 199-209.
77. De Chambrier A., Coquille S. C., Brooks D. R. 2006b: Ophiotaenia bonneti sp. n. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), a parasite of Rana vaillanti (Anura: Ranidae) in Costa Rica. Folia Parasitol. 53: 125-133.
78. De Chambrier A., Coquille S. C., Tkach V., Mariaux J. 2009a: Redescription of Testudotaenia testudo (Magath, 1924) (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), a parasite of Apalone spinifera (Le Sueur) (Reptilia: Trionychidae) and Amia calva L. (Pisces: Amiidae) in North America and erection of the Testudotaeniinae n. subfam. Syst. Parasitol. 73: 49-64.
79. De Chambrier A., Mariaux J., Ène A., Mahmoud Z. N., Scholz T. 2008: Sandonella sandoni (Lynsdale, 1960), an enigmatic and morphologically unique cestode parasitic in the osteoglossiform fsh Heterotis niloticus in Africa. J. Parasitol. 94: 202-211.
80. De Chambrier A., Rego A. A., Gil De Pertierra A. A. 2005: Redescription of two cestodes (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea) parasitic in Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Siluriformes) from the Amazon and erection of Scholzia gen. n. Rev. Suisse Zool. 112: 735-752.
81. De Chambrier A., Rego A. A., Vaucher C. 1999: Euzetiella tetraphylliformis n. gen., n. sp., (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), parasite du poisson d'eau douce néotropical Paulicea luetkeni (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae). Parasite 6: 43-47.
82. De Chambrier A., Scholz T. 2008: Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) of frewood catfsh Sorubimichthys planiceps (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the Amazon River. Folia Parasitol. 55: 17-28.
83. De Chambrier A., Scholz T., Beletew M., Mahmoud Z. N. 2007: Redescription of Proteocephalus sulcatus (Klaptocz, 1906) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea), a poorly known parasite of Clarotes laticeps (Pisces: Siluriformes) in the Sudan. Rev. Suisse Zool. 114: 693-702.
84. De Chambrier A., Scholz T., Beletew M., Mariaux J. 2009b: A new genus and species of proteocephalidean (Cestoda) from Clarias catfshes (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in Africa. J. Parasitol. 95: 160-168.
85. De Chambrier A., Scholz T., Ibraheem M. H. 2004: Redescription of Electrotaenia malopteruri (Fritsch, 1886) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), a parasite of Malapterurus electricus (Siluriformes: Malapteruridae) from Egypt. Syst. Parasitol. 57: 97-109.
86. De Chambrier A., Takemoto R. M., Pavanelli G. C. 2006a: Nomimoscolex pertierrae n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), a parasite of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in Brazil and redescription of N. sudobim Woodland, 1935, a parasite of P. fasciatum. Syst. Parasitol. 64: 191-202.
87. Diaz-Castañeda V., Carabez-Trejo A., Lamothe-Argumedo R. 1995: Ultrastructure of the pseudophyllidean cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, parasite of freshwater fsh of commercial importance. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auton. Méx., ser. Zool., 66: 1-16.
88. Euzet L., Gabrion C. 1976: Mise en évidence d'un gradient de différenciation du tégument chez la larve de deux Cestodes Cyclophyllides. C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. D, Sci. Nat. 283: 367-370.
89. (Pubitemid 30787165) FaLIex E., tyLer G., euzet L. 2000: A new species of Ditrachybothridium (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from Galeus sp. (Selachii, Scyliorhinidae) from the South Pacifc Ocean, with a revision of the diagnosis of the order, family, and genus and notes on descriptive terminology of microtriches. J. Parasitol. 86: 1078-1084.
90. Featherston D. W. 1972: Taenia hydatigena - I V. Ultrastructure study of the tegument. Z. Parasitenkd. 38: 214-232.
91. Featherston D. W. 1975: Taenia hydatigena - V. Surface structure of the adult worm and evaginated scolex. Int. J. Parasitol. 5: 615-619.
92. Fourie H. J., Van Amelsfoort A. F., Michael L. M., Putterill J. F. 1997: A scanning electron-microscope examination of the scolex of Houttuynia struthionis. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 64: 47-50.
93. Fyler C. A. 2007: Comparison of microthrix ultrastructure and morphology on the plerocercoid and adult scolex of Calliobothrium cf. verticillatum (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae). J. Parasitol. 93: 4-11.
94. Fyler C. A., Caira J. N. 2006: Five new species of Acanthobothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the freshwater stingray Himantura chaophraya (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) in Malaysian Borneo. J. Parasitol. 92: 105-125.
95. Gabrion C. 1982: Origine du tégument défnitif chez les cestodes cyclophyllides. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 107: 565-569.
96. Gabrion C., Euzet-Sicard S. 1979: Étude du tégument et des ré- cepteurs sensoriels du scolex d'un plérocercoïde de Cestode Tetraphyllidea à l'aide de la microscopie électronique. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 54: 573-583.
97. (Pubitemid 32303678) GHOsHrOy S., CAirA J.n. 2001: Four new species of Acanthobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the whiptail stingray Dasyatis brevis in the Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Parasitol. 87: 354-372.
98. Gijon-Botella H., Del Castillo-Remiro J. A., López-román R. 1989: Estudio al M. E. B. de Raillietina (Raillietina) micracantha Fuhrmann, 1908 parásito de Columba livia domestica capturadas en las Islas Canarias. Rev. Iber. Parasitol. 49: 37-40.
99. Gil De Pertierra A. A. 2002: Nomimoscolex semenasae n. sp. (Proteocephalidea, Monticelliidae), a cestode parasite of Diplomystes viedmensis (Pisces: Siluriformes) from the Patagonian region of Argentina. Syst. Parasitol. 53: 183-190.
100. Gil De Pertierra A. A. 2004: Redescription of Monticellia magna (Rego, dos Santos & Silva, 1975) (Eucestoda: Monticelliidea) parasite of Pimelodus spp. (Pisces: Siluriformes) from Argentina, and morphological study of microtriches. Rev. Suisse Zool. 111: 11-20.
101. Gil De Pertierra A. A. 2005: Comparative study of the microtriches of adult cestodes (Proteocephalidea: Monticelliidae), and some comments on their systematic value. Zool. Anz. 243: 295-304.
102. Gil De Pertierra A. A. 2009: Lucieaella ivanovae n. gen., n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea: Peltidocotylinae), a parasite of Ageneiosus inermis (L.) (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) in Argentina. Syst. Parasitol. 73: 71-80.
103. Gil De Pertierra A. A., De Chambrier A. 2000: Rudolphiella szidati sp. n. (Proteocephalidea: Monticelliidae, Rudolphielliinae) parasite of Luciopimelodus pati (Valenciennes, 1840) (Pisces: Pimelodidae) from Argentina with new observations on Rudolphiella lobosa (Riggenbach, 1895). Rev. Suisse Zool. 107: 81-95.
104. Gil De Pertierra A. A., Semenas L. G. 2005: Galaxitaenia toloi n. gen., n. sp. (Eucestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from Galaxias platei (Pisces: Osmeriformes, Galaxiidae), in the Patagonian region of Argentina. J. Parasitol. 91: 900-908.
105. Gil De Pertierra A. A., Semenas L. G. 2006: Ailinella mirabilis gen. n., sp. n. (Eucestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from Galaxias maculatus (Pisces: Galaxiidae) in the Andean-Patagonian region of Argentina. Folia Parasitol. 53: 276-286.
106. Goldschmidt R. 1900: Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Echinococcuskö pfchen. zool. Jahrb. 13: 467-494.
107. Grammeltvedt A. F. 1973: Differentiation of the tegument and associated structures in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitzsch (1824) (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). An electron microscopical study. Int. J. Parasitol. 3: 321-327.
108. Granath W. O., Lewis J. C., Esch G. W. 1983: An ultrastructural examination of the scolex and tegument of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 102: 240-250.
109. Grytner-Ziȩcina B., Cielecka D., Chomicz L. 1995: Transmission electron microscopy studies on the tegument of two species of genus Fimbriaria Froelich, 1802. Acta Parasitol. 40: 88-93.
110. Halton D. W. 1982: Morphology and ultrastructure of parasitic helminths. In: D. F. Mettrick and S. S. Desser (Eds.), Parasites - Their World and Ours. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Parasitology held in Toronto, Canada. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 60-69.
111. Halton D. W., Mckerr G. 1979: SEM observations on the spiral valve of rays and their cestode parasites. Parasitology 79: 47.
112. Hanzelová V., Scholz T., Fagerholm H.-P. 1995: The synonymy of the Proteocephalus neglectus La Rue, 1911 with P. exiguus La Rue, 1911, two fsh cestodes from the Holarctic Region. Syst. Parasitol. 30: 173-185.
113. Harris A., Heath D. D., Lawrence S. D., Shaw R. J. 1989: Echinococcus granulosus: ultrastructure of epithelial changes during the frst 8 days of metacestode development in vitro. Int. J. Parasitol. 19: 621-629.
114. Hayunga E. G. 1991: Morphological adaptations of intestinal helminths. J. Parasitol. 77: 865-873.
115. Hayunga E. G., Mackiewicz J. S. 1975: An electron microscope study of the tegument of Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 (Cestoidea: Caryophyllidea). Int. J. Parasitol. 5: 309-319.
116. Healy C. J. 2003: A revision of Platybothrium Linton, 1890 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae), with a phylogenetic analysis and comments on host-parasite associations. Syst. Parasitol. 56: 85-139.
117. Healy C. J. 2006a: Three new species of Rhinebothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the freshwater whipray, Himantura chaophraya, in Malaysian Borneo. J. Parasitol. 92: 364-374.
118. Healy C. J. 2006b: A revision of selected Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda) : Caulobothrium, Rhabdotobothrium, Rhinebothrium, Scalithrium, and Spongiobothrium. PhD Thesis, University of Connecticut, 382 pp.
119. (Pubitemid 10136009) Hess E. 1980: Ultrastructural study of the tetrathyridium of Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925: tegument and parenchyma. Z. Parasitenkd. 61: 135-159.
120. Hess E., Guggenheim R. 1977: A study of the microtriches and sensory processes of the tetrathyridium of Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Z. Parasitenkd. 53: 189-199.
121. Hildreth M. B., Lumsden R. D. 1987: Microanatomy of the Otobothrium insigne plerocercus (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha). J. Parasitol. 73: 400-410.
122. Hoberg E. P., Sims D. E., Odense P. H. 1995: Comparative morphology of the scolices and microtriches among fve species of Tetrabothrius (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae). J. Parasitol. 81: 475-481.
123. Holcman B., Heath D. D. 1997: The early stages of Echinococcus granulosus. Acta Trop. 64: 5-17.
124. Holy J. M., Oaks J. A. 1986: Ultrastructure of the tegumental microvilli (microtriches) of Hymenolepis diminuta. Cell Tissue Res. 244: 457-466.
125. Howells R. E. 1965: Electron-microscope and histochemical studies on the cuticle and subcuticular tissues of Moniezia expansa. Parasitology 55: 20P-21P.
126. Hulínská D. 1977a: An electron microscope study on the bladder surface of early developmental stages of Cysticercus tenuicollis. Folia Parasitol. 24: 261-264.
127. Hulínská D. 1977b: The fne structure and histochemistry of bleblike extrusions in the microthrix border of the larval Multiceps endothoracicus. Folia Parasitol. 24: 25-33.
128. Hulínská D. 1978: Fine structure of cells and tissues of Cysticercus tenuicollis aged 13 and 16 days. Folia Parasitol. 25: 339-345.
129. Hulínská D. 1980: The morphogenesis of microtriches in the tegument of Taenia hydatigena throughout its larval development. Folia Parasitol. 27: 329-336.
130. Hulínská D. 1981: Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of the adult Multiceps endothoracicus and a comparison of its larval and adult scoleces. Folia Parasitol. 28: 349-352.
131. Hulínská D., Lavrov V. I. 1981: Morphology and cytochemistry of the adult tapeworm Multiceps endothoracicus with emphasis on the scolex. Folia Parasitol. 28: 227-234.
132. Hyman L. 1951: The Invertebrates. Vol. II. Platyhelminthes and Rhynchocoela. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 572 pp.
133. Irshadullah M., Nazimi W. A., Ahmad M. 1990: Polymorphism in the microtriches of adult Echinococcus granulosus: scanning electron microscopy. Zool. Anz. 224: 321-327.
134. ISHII A. I., Muranaka Y., Sano M. 1988: Ultrastructures of Diplogonoporus grandis microthrix. Jpn. J. Parasitol. 37: 178-181.
135. Ivanov V. A. 2004: A new species of Rhinebothroides Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the ocellate river stingray in Argentina, with amended descriptions of two other species of the genus. Syst. Parasitol. 58: 159-174.
136. Ivanov V. A. 2005: A new species of Acanthobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the ocellate river stingray, Potamotrygon motoro (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), in Argentina. J. Parasitol. 91: 390-396.
137. Ivanov V. A. 2006: Guidus n. gen. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), with description of a new species and emendation of the generic diagnosis of Marsupiobothrium. J. Parasitol. 92: 832-840.
138. Ivanov V. A. 2008: Orygmatobothrium spp. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from triakid sharks in Argentina: redescription of Orygmatobothrium schmittii and description of a new species. J. Parasitol. 94: 1087-1097.
139. Ivanov V. A., Brooks D. R. 2002: Calliobothrium spp. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from Mustelus schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) in Argentina and Uruguay. J. Parasitol. 88: 1200-1213.
140. Ivanov V. A., Campbell R. A. 1998a: Echinobothrium megacanthum sp. n. (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from the eagle ray Myliobatis goodei (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) from the Patagonian shelf of Argentina. Folia Parasitol. 45: 225-229.
141. Ivanov V. A., Campbell R. A. 1998b: A new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from Rioraja castelnaui (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) in coastal waters of Argentina. Syst. Parasitol. 40: 203-212.
142. Ivanov V. A., Campbell R. A. 2000: Emendation of the generic diagnosis of Tylocephalum (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea: Tetragonocephalidae), and description of Tylocephalum brooksi n. sp. J. Parasitol. 86: 1085-1095.
143. Ivanov V. A., Campbell R. A. 2002: Notomegarhynchus navonae n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea), from skates (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Parasitol. 88: 340-349.
144. Ivanov V. A., Lipshitz A. 2006: Description of a new diphyllidean parasite of triakid sharks from the deep Red Sea. J. Parasitol. 92: 841-846.
145. Jarecka L., Michajlow E., Burt M. D. B 1981: Comparative ultrastructure of cestode larvae and Janicki's cercomer theory. Acta Parasitol. Pol. 28: 65-72.
146. (Pubitemid 32783181) Jensen k. 2001: Four new genera and fve new species of lecanicephalideans (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from elasmobranchs in the Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Parasitol. 87: 845-861.
147. Jensen K. 2005: A Monograph on the Lecanicephalidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda). Tapeworms of Elasmobranchs Part I. University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska, 241 pp.
148. (Pubitemid 43886885) Jensen k. 2006: A new species of Aberrapex Jensen, 2001 (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from Taeniura lymma (Forsskål) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from off Sabah, Malaysia. Syst. Parasitol. 64: 117-123.
149. (Pubitemid 44582220) Jensen k., CAirA J. N. 2006: The status of Rhoptrobothrium Shipley et Hornell, 1906 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), with redescription of the type species, R. myliobatidis, and description of three new species from two species of Aetomylaeus (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from Malaysian Borneo. Folia Parasitol. 53: 189-207.
150. Jensen K., Caira J. N. 2008: A revision of Uncibilocularis Southwell, 1925 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) with the description of four new species. Comp. Parasitol. 75: 157-173.
151. Jha R. K., Smyth J. D. 1969: Echinococcus granulosus: ultrastructure of microtriches. Exp. Parasitol. 25: 232-244.
152. Jha R. K., Smyth J. D. 1971: Ultrastructure of the rostellar tegument of Echinococcus granulosus with special reference to biogenesis of mitochondria. Int. J. Parasitol. 1: 169-177.
153. Jilek R., Crites J. L. 1980: Scanning electron microscopic examination of the scolex and external tegumental surface of Proteocephalus ambloplitis. J. Microsc. 118: 443-446.
154. Jones A. 1975: The morphology of Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller) (Pseudophyllidea, Bothriocephalidae) from littoral fshes in Britain. J. Helminthol. 649: 251-261.
155. Jones M. K. 1989: Ultrastructure of the cirrus pouch of Cylindrotaenia hickmani (Jones, 1985) (Cestoda, Nematotaeniidae). Int. J. Parasitol. 19: 919-930.
156. Jones M. K. 1998: Structure and diversity of cestode epithelia. Int. J. Parasitol. 28: 913-923.
157. Jones M. K. 2000: Ultrastructure of the scolex, rhyncheal system and bothridial pits of Otobothrium mugilis (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha). Folia Parasitol. 47: 29-38.
158. Jones M. K., Beveridge I. 1998: Nybelinia queenslandensis sp. n. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) parasitic in Carcharhinus melanopterus, from Australia, with observations on the fne structure of the scolex including the rhyncheal system. Folia Parasitol. 45: 295-311.
159. Kent H. N. 1957: Aspect biochimique de la spécifcité chez les cestodes. In: J. Baer (Ed.), First Symposium on Host Specifcity Among Parasites of Vertebrates. Int. Union Biol. Sci. and University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, pp. 293-309.
160. Kuchta R., Scholz T. 2008: A new triaenophorid tapeworm from blackfsh Centrolophus niger. J. Parasitol. 94: 500-504.
161. Kuchta R., Scholz T., Brabec J., Jirsová D., Gustinelli A. 2008a: Bothriocephalidean tapeworms (Cestoda) from the blackfsh, Centrolophus niger (Perciformes: Centrolophidae). Folia Parasitol. 55: 111-121.
162. Kuchta R., Scholz T., Bray E. A. 2008b: Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera. Syst. Parasitol. 71: 81-136.
163. Kuchta R., Scholx T., Vlčková R., Říha M., Walter T., Yuniar A. T., Palm H. W. 2009: Revision of tapeworms (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) from lizardfsh (Saurida: Synodontidae) from the Indo-Pacifc region. Zootaxa 1977: 55-67.
164. Kuperman B. I. 1980: Fine structure of cestode tegument and its signifcance for systematics. Parazitol. Sb. 29: 84-95. (In Russian, with English summary.)
165. Kuperman B. I. 1988: Functional Morphology of Lower Cestodes: Ontogenetic and Evolutionary Aspects. Nauka, Leningrad, 167 pp. (In Russian with English summary.)
166. Kwa B. H. 1972: Studies on the sparganum of Spirometra erinacei - III. The fne structure of the tegument in the scolex. Int. J. Parasitol. 2: 35-43.
167. Lee D. L. 1966: The structure and composition of the helminth cuticle. In: B. Dawes (Ed.), Advances in Parasitology, Vol. 4. Academic Press, London, pp. 187-254.
168. Leuckart R. 1886: Parasites of man and the diseases which proceed from them. Pentland, Edinburgh, p. 269-295.
169. Levron C., Poddubnaya L. G., Kuchta R., Freeman M., Wang Y.-H., Scholz T. 2008a: Ultrastructure of the tegument of the cestode Paraechinophallus japonicus (Bothriocephalidea: Echinophallidae), a parasite of the bathypelagic fish Psenopsis anomala. Invertebr. Biol. 127: 153-161.
170. Levron C., Poddubnaya L. G., Kuchta R., Freeman M., Wang U.-H., Scholz T. 2008b: First SEM and TEM study of the armed male terminal genitalia of the tapeworm Paraechinophallus japonicus (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea). J. Parasitol. 94: 803-810.
171. Levron C., Scholz T., Dezfuli B. S. 2008c: Ultrastructure of microtriches on the scolex of Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea). Folia Parasitol. 55: 309-312.
172. Lumsden R. D. 1966: Cytological studies on the absorptive surfaces of cestodes. I. The fne structure of the strobilar integument. Z. Parasitenkd. 27: 355-382.
173. Lumsden R. D. 1975a: Surface ultrastructure and cytochemistry of parasitic helminths. Exp. Parasitol. 37: 267-339.
174. Lumsden R. D. 1975b: The tapeworm tegument: a model system for studies on membrane structure and function in host-parasite relationships. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 94: 501-507.
175. Lumsden R. D., Gonzalez G., Mills R. R., Viles J. M. 1968: Cytological studies on the absorptive surfaces of cestodes. III. Hydrolysis of phosphate esters. J. Parasitol. 54: 524-535.
176. Lumsden R. D., Hildreth M. B. 1983: The fne structure of adult tapeworms. In: C. Arme and P. W. Pappas (Eds.), Biology of the Eucestoda, Vol. 1. Academic Press, London, New York, pp. 182-191.
177. Lumsden R. D., Murphy W. A. 1980: Morphological and functional aspects of the cestode surface. In: C. B. Cook, P. W. Pappas and E. D. Rudolph (Eds.), Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, pp. 95-130.
178. Lumsden R. D., Oaks J. A., Mueller J. F. 1974: Brush border development in the tegument of the tapeworm, Spirometra mansonoides. J. Parasitol. 60: 209-226.
179. Lumsden R. D., Specian R. 1980: The morphology, histology and fne structure of the adult stage of the cyclophyllidean tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. In: H. P. Arai (Ed.), Biology of the Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Academic Press, New York, pp. 157-280.
180. Lyngdoh R. D., Tandon V. 1996: Surface topographical and ultrastructural studies on a caryophyllidean cestode, Lytocestus indicus (Lytocestidae). J. Parasitol. Appl. Anim. Biol. 5: 67-74.
181. Lyons K. M. 1969: The fne structure of the body wall of Gyrocotyle urna. Z. Parasitenkd. 33: 95-109.
182. Mackiewicz J. S. 1972: Caryophyllidea (Cestoidea) : a review. Exp. Parasitol. 31: 417-512.
183. Mackinnon B. M., Burt M. D. B. 1983: Polymorphism of microtriches in the cysticercoid of Ophryocotyle insignis Lönnberg, 1890 from the limpet Patella vulgata. Can. J. Zool. 61: 1062-1070.
184. Mackinnon B. M., Burt M. D. B. 1984: The development of the tegument and cercomer of the polycephalic larvae (cercoscolices) of Paricterotaenia paradoxa (Rudolphi, 1802) (Cestoda: Dilepididae) at the ultrastructural level. Parasitology 88: 117-130.
185. Mackinnon B. M., Burtm. D. B. 1985a: Histological and ultrastructural observations on the secondary scolex and strobila of Haplobothrium globuliforme (Cestoda: Haplobothrioidea). Can. J. Zool. 63: 1995-2000.
186. Mackinnon B. M., Burt M. D. B. 1985b: The comparative ultrastructure of the plerocercoid and adult primary scolex of Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914 (Cestoda: Haplobothrioidea). Can. J. Zool. 63: 1488-1496.
187. Mackinnon B. M., Jarecka L., Burt M. D. B. 1985: Ultrastructure of the tegument and penetration glands of developing procercoids of Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914 (Cestoda: Haplobothrioidea). Can. J. Zool. 63: 1470-1477.
188. Marques J. F., Santos M. J., Gibson D. I., Cabral H. Zn., Olson P. D. 2007: Cryptic species of Didymobothrium rudolphii (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea) from the sand sole, Solea lascaris, off the Portuguese coast, with an analysis of their molecules, morphology, ultrastructure and phylogeny. Parasitology 134: 1057-1072.
189. Mccaig M. L. O., Hopkins C. A. 1965: Studies on Schistocephalus solidus. 3. The in vitro cultivation of the plerocercoid. Parasitology 55: 257-268.
190. Mccullough J. S., Fairweather I. 1983: A SEM study of the cestodes Trilocularia acanthiaevulgaris, Phyllobothrium squali and Gilquinia squali from the spiny dogfsh. Z. Parasitenkd. 69: 655-665.
191. Mckenzie V. J., Caira J. N. 1998: Three new genera and species of tapeworms from the longnose sawshark, Pristiophorus cirratus, with comments on their modes of attachment to the spiral intestine. J. Parasitol. 84: 409-421.
192. Mcvicar A. H. 1972: The ultrastructure of the parasite-host interface of three tetraphyllidean tapeworms of the elasmobranch Raja naevus. Parasitology 65: 77-88.
193. (Pubitemid 12232984) MeHlHOrn H., BeCker B., Andrews P., THOmAs H. 1981: On the nature of the proglottids of cestodes: A light and electron microscopic study on Taenia, Hymenolepis, and Echinococcus. Z. Parasitenkd. 65: 243-259.
194. Menoret A., Ivanov V. A. 2009: A new species of tetraphyllidean (Cestoda) from the largespot river stingray, Potamotrygon falkneri (Potamotrygonidae: Chondrichthyes), from the Parana Basin. J. Parasitol. 95: 994-999.
195. Mizinska-Boevska Y., Polyakova-Krusteva O., Fok É. 1989: transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations on the body wall surface of Taenia hydatigena and its metacestode, Cysticercus tenuicollis (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea). Parasitol. Hung. 22: 57-61.
196. Moniez R. B. 1881: Mémoires sur les Cestodes. Oct. Doin, Paris, 238 pp.
197. Morris G. P., Finnegan C. V. 1969: Studies of the differentiating plerocercoid cuticle of Schistocephalus solidus. II. The ultrastructural examination of cuticle development. Can. J. Zool. 47: 957-964.
198. Morseth D. J. 1966: The fne structure of the tegument of adult Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena, and Taenia pisiformis. J. Parasitol. 52: 1074-1085.
199. Morseth D. J. 1967: Fine structure of the hydatid cyst and protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus. J. Parasitol. 53: 312-325.
200. Mount P. J. 1970: Histogenesis of rostellar hooks of Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) (Cestoda). J. Parasitol. 56: 947-961.
201. (Pubitemid 27357527) NAsin C. S., CAirA J. N., Euzet L. 1997: Analysis of Calliobothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) with descriptions of three new species and erection of a new genus. J. Parasitol. 83: 714-733.
202. (Pubitemid 32553483) NeiFAr L., Tyler G. A., Euzet l. 2001: Two new species of Macrobothridium (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from rhinobatid elasmobranchs in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia, with notes on the status of the genus. J. Parasitol. 87: 673-680.
203. Nishiyama T., Takahashi Y., Ishizaka S., Arakit. 1993: Scanning electron microscopic observation of the scolex of Diplogonoporus grandis. J. Nara Med. Assoc. 31: 262-264.
204. Novak M., Dowsett J. A. 1983: Scanning electron microscopy of the metacestode of Taenia crassiceps. Int. J. Parasitol. 13: 383-388.
205. Olson P. D., Caira J. N. 2001: Two new species of Litobothrium Dailey, 1969 (Cestoda: Litobothriidea) from thresher sharks in the Gulf of California, Mexico, with redescriptions of two species in the genus. Syst. Parasitol. 48: 159-177.
206. Palm H. W. 1995: Untersuchungen zur Systematik von Rüsselbandwü rmern (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) aus atlantischen Fischen. Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, No. 275, 238 pp.
207. Palm H. W. 1997: Trypanorhynch cestodes of commercial fshes from northeast Brazilian coastal waters. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 92: 69-79.
208. Palm H. W. 2000: Trypanorhynch cestodes from Indonesian coastal waters (East Indian Ocean). Folia Parasitol. 47: 123-134.
209. Palm H. W. 2004: The Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863. PKSPL-IPB Press, Bogor, 710 pp.
210. Palm H. W. 2008: Surface ultrastructure of the elasmobranchia parasitizing Grillotiella exilis and Pseudonybelinia odontacantha (Trypanorhyncha, Cestoda). Zoomorphology 127: 249-258.
211. (Pubitemid 30750082) PAlm H.w., Mundt u., Overstreet R. 2000: Sensory receptors and surface ultrastructure of trypanorhynch cestodes. Parasitol. Res. 86: 821-833.
212. Palm H. W., Poynton S. L., Rutledge P. 1998: Surface ultrastructure of plerocercoids of Bombycirhynchus sphyraenaicum (Pintner, 1930) (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha). Parasitol. Res. 84: 195-204.
213. Palm H. W., Schröder P. 2001: Cestode parasites from the elasmobranchs Heptranchias perlo and Deania from the Great Meteor Bank, central East Atlantic. Aquat. Living Resour. 14: 137-144.
214. Park W.-C., Kang S.-Y., Lee S.-H. 1981: Study on the fne structure of sparganum tegument. Chung-Ang J. Med. 6: 29-38.
215. Poddubnaya L. G. 1995: Peculiarities of the integument genesis in procercoids of caryophyllidean cestodes. Parazitologiya 29: 13-18. (In Russian, with English summary.)
216. Poddubnaya L. G. 1996: A development of microtriches in caryophylloid cestodes. Parazitologiya 30: 126-131. (In Russian, with English summary.)
217. Poddubnaya L. G. 2002a: Ultrastructure of genital system ducts of Diphyllobothrium latum (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) : the ducts of the female reproductive system. Parazitologiya 36: 79-87. (In Russian, with English summary.)
218. Poddubnaya L. G. 2002b: Ultrastructure of reproductive ducts in Diphyllobothrium latum (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) males. Zool. Zh. 81: 394-405. (In Russian, with English summary.)
219. (Pubitemid 37273997) POddubnAyA L. G. 2003a: Structure of reproductive systems of the amphicotyllide cestode Eubothrium rugosum (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidae). J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 39: 345-355.
220. Poddubnaya L. G. 2003b: Ultrastructure of reproductive organs and ducts in the progenetic species Archigetes sieboldi (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea). Zool. Zh. 82: 1038-1050. (In Russian, with English summary.)
221. Poddubnaya L. G. 2007: Fine structure of the cirrus sac and vagina of progenetic Diplocotyle olrikii (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea). Parazitologiya 41: 299-308. (In Russian, with English summary.)
222. Poddubnaya L., Bruňanská M., Kuchta R., Scholz R. 2006: First evidence of the presence of microtriches in the Gyrocotylidea. J. Parasitol. 92: 703-707.
223. Poddubnaya L. G., Davydov V. G., Kuperman B. I. 1986: [Morphofunctional study of some cestodes of the order Caryophyllidea (Cestoda).] Trud. Inst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod. 53: 208-217. (In Russian.)
224. Poddubnaya L. G., Mackiewicz J. S. 2009: Ultrastructure of the cirrus sac of echinophallid tapeworms (Cestoda, Bothriocephalidea) and the terminology of cirrus hard structures. Int. J. Parasitol. 39: 381-390.
225. (Pubitemid 41412073) PodduBnaya L. G., MaCkIewICz J. S., BruŇanská M., DezFuLI B. S. 2005a: Fine structure of the male reproductive ducts, vagina and seminal receptacle of Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea). Folia Parasitol. 52: 241-250. (Pubitemid 41412073)
226. Poddubnaya L. G., Mackiewicz J. S., Bruňanská M., Scholz T. 2005b: Fine structure of the female reproductive ducts of Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea), from salmonid fsh. Folia Parasitol. 52: 323-338. (Pubitemid 41808830)
227. Poddubnaya L. G., Mackiewicz J. S., Kuperman B. I. 2003: Ultrastructure of Archigetes sieboldi (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) : relationship between progenesis, development and evolution. Folia Parasitol. 50: 275-292.
228. Poddubnaya L. G., Scholz T., Kuchta R., Levron C., Bruň anská M. 2007: Ultrastructure of the proglottid tegument (neodermis) of the cestode Echinophallus wageneri (Pseudophyllidea: Echinophallidae), a parasite of the bathypelagic fish Centrolophus niger. Parasitol. Res. 101: 373-383.
229. Pool W., Chubb J. C. 1985: A critical scanning electron microscope study of the scolex of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, with a review of the taxonomic history of the genus Bothriocephalus parasitizing cyprinid fishes. Syst. Parasitol. 7: 199-211.
230. Pratt H. S. 1909: The cuticula and subcuticula of trematodes and cestodes. Am. Natur. 43: 705-729.
231. Probert A. J., Stobart B. 1989: Echinobothrium clavatum n. sp. (Cestoda, Diphyllidea) from the spiral valve of Raja clavata L., 1758, including a note on its ultrastructure and a key to species of the genus. Syst. Parasitol. 13: 71-79.
232. Race G. J., Larsh J. E., Jr., Esch G. W., Martin J. H. 1965: A study of the larval stage of Multiceps serialis by electron microscopy. J. Parasitol. 51: 364-369.
233. Read C. P. 955: Intestinal physiology and the host-parasite relationship. In: W. H. Cole (Ed.), Some Physiological Aspects and Consequences of Parasitism. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, pp. 27-49.
234. Rees G. 1958: A comparison of the structure of the scolex of Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller 1776) and Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rud. 1819) and the mode of attachment of the scolex to the intestine of the host. Parasitology 48: 468-492.
235. Rees G. 1973: The ultrastructure of the cysticercoid of Tatria octacantha Rees, 1973 (Cyclophyllidea: Amabiliidae) from the haemocoele of the damsel-fy nymphs Pyrrhosoma nymphula, Sulz and Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp. Parasitology 67: 83-103.
236. Rego A. A. 1999: Scolex morphology of proteocephalid cestodes parasites of neotropical freshwater fshes. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 94: 37-52.
237. Rego A. A., Chubb J. C., Pavanelli G. C. 1999: Cestodes in South American freshwater teleost fshes: keys of genera and brief description of species. Rev. Brasil. Zool. 16: 299-367.
238. Reyda F. B. 2008: Intestinal helminths of freshwater stingrays in southeastern Peru, and a new genus and two new species of cestode. J. Parasitol. 94: 684-699.
239. Reyda F. B., Caira J. N. 2006: Five new species of Acanthobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from Himantura uarnacoides (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in Malaysian Borneo. Comp. Parasitol. 73: 49-71.
240. Richards K. S., Arme C. 1981a: Observations on the microtriches and stages in their development and emergence in Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Caryophyllidea: Cestoda). Int. J. Parasitol. 11: 369-375.
241. Richards K. S., Arme C. 1981b: The ultrastructure of the scolexneck syncytium, neck cells and frontal gland cells of Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Caryophyllidea: Cestoda). Parasitology 83: 477-487.
242. (Pubitemid 14025327) riCHArds k.s., Arme C. 1984: Maturation of the scolex syncytium in the metacestode of Hymenolepis diminuta, with special reference to microthrix formation. Parasitology 88: 341-349.
243. Richmond C., Caira J. N. 1991: Morphological investigations into Floriceps minacanthus (Trypanorhyncha: Lacistorhynchidae) with analysis of the systematic utility of scolex microtriches. Syst. Parasitol. 19: 25-32.
244. Rietschel P. E. 1935: Zur Bewegungsphysiologie der Cestoden. Zool. Anz. 111: 109-111.
245. Rifkin E., Cheng T. C., Hohl H. R. 1970: The fine structure of the tegument of Tylocephalum metacestodes: with emphasis on a new type of microvilli. J. Morphol. 130: 11-24.
246. Rogan M. T., Richards K. S. 1987: Echinococcus granulosus: changes in the surface ultrastructure during protoscolex formation. Parasitology 94: 359-367.
247. Rohde K. 1986: Ultrastructural studies of Austramphilina elongata Johnston, 1931 (Cestoda, Amphilinidea). Zoomorphology 106: 91-102.
248. Rohde K., Georgi M. 1983: Structure and development of Austramphilina elongata Johnston, 1931 (Cestodaria: Amphilinidea). Int. J. Parasitol. 13: 273-287.
249. Rosario B. 1962: The ultrastructure of the cuticle in the cestodes H. nana and H. diminuta. The Fifth International Congress for Electron Microscopy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 29th to September 5th, 1962 2: LL-12.
250. Rothman A. H. 1959: The physiology of tapeworms, correlated to structures seen with the electron microscope. J. Parasitol. 45 (Suppl.) : 28.
251. Rothman A. H. 1963: Electron microscopic studies of tapeworms: the surface structures of Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819) Blanchard, 1891. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 82: 22-30.
252. Ruhnke T. R. 1993: A new species of Clistobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), with an evaluation of the systematic status of the genus. J. Parasitol. 79: 37-43.
253. Ruhnke T. R. 1994a: Paraorygmatobothrium barberi n. g., n. sp. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), with amended descriptions of two species transferred to the genus. Syst. Parasitol. 28: 65-79.
254. Ruhnke T. R. 1994b: Resurrection of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and taxonomic information on fve proposed members. Syst. Parasitol. 29: 159-176.
255. Ruhnke T. R. 1996a: Taxonomic resolution of Phyllobothrium van Beneden (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and a description of a new species from the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata. Syst. Parasitol. 33: 1-12.
256. Ruhnke T. R. 1996b: Systematic resolution of Crossobothrium Linton, 1889, and taxonomic resolution of four species allocated to that genus. J. Parasitol. 82: 793-800.
257. Ruhnke T. R., Caira J. N. 2009: Two new species of Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1850 (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) from carcharhinid sharks, with a redescription of Anthobothrium laciniatum. Syst. Parasitol. 72: 217-227.
258. Ruhnke T. R., Caira J. N., Carpenter S. D. 2006a: Orectolobicestus n. g. 8 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), with the description of fve new species and the transfer of Phyllobothrium chiloscyllii to the new genus. Syst. Parasitol. 65: 215-233.
259. Ruhnke T. R., Carpenter S. D. 2008: Two new species of Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994 (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) from the smooth-hound Mustelus mustelus (L.) and the gummy shark M. antarcticus Günther (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae). Syst Parasitol. 71: 213-222.
260. Ruhnke T. R., Healy C. J., Shapero S. 2006b: Two new species of Paraorygmatobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from weasel sharks (Carcharhiniformes: Hemigaleidae) of Australia and Borneo. J. Parasitol. 92: 145-150.
261. Ruhnke T. R., Thompson V. A. 2006: Two new species of Paraorygmatobothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) from the lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris and Negaprion acutidens (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae). Comp. Parasitol. 73: 35-47.
262. Rundell H. L. 1957: Electron microscope studies of the body covering of cestodes. PhD Thesis, State University of Iowa, 48 pp.
263. Schiefferdecker P. 1874: Beitraäge zur Kenntnis des feineren Baues der Taenien. Jena. Z. Naturwiss. 8: 458-487.
264. Scholz T., De Chambrier A., Kuchta R. 2008: Redescription of the tapeworm Monticellia amazonica de Chambrier et Vaucher, 1997 (Cestoda, Proteocephalidea), a parasite of Calophysus macropterus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) from the Amazon River. Acta Parasitol. 53: 30-35.
265. Scholz T., Žďárská Z., De Chambrier A., Drábek R. 1999: Scolex morphology of the cestode Silurotaenia siluri (Batsch, 1786) (Proteocephalidae: Gangesiinae), a parasite of European wels (Silurus glanis). Parasitol. Res. 85: 1-6.
266. Schramlová J., Lavrov I. L. 1981: Scanning electron microscopic studies on the scolex surface of Hydatigera krepkogorski (Schulz et Landa, 1934) larva. Folia Parasitol. 28: 191-192.
267. Seif A. I. 1992: Ultrastructural study of the tegument of Cotugnia polyacantha and Killigrewia streptopelia inhabiting the dove Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 22: 817-826.
268. Shields J. D. 1985: Surface morphology and description of Otobothrium kurisi new species (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from a hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini. Int. J. Parasitol. 15: 635-643.
269. Siddiqui E. H. 1963: The cuticle of cysticerci of Taenia saginata, T. hydatigena, and T. pisiformis. Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 104: 141-144.
270. Smyth J. D. 1969: Physiology of Cestodes. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 279 pp.
271. Smyth J. D., Mcmanus D. P 1989: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Cestodes. Cambridge University Press, New York, 398 pp.
272. Sommer F. B. G., Landois L. 1872: Ueber den Bau der geschlechtsreifen Glieder von Bothriocephalus latus Bremser (Beiträge zur Anatomie der Cestoden). Z. Wiss. Zool. 22: 40-99.
273. Steudener F. 1877: Untersuchungen über den feineren Bau der Cestoden. Abh. Naturforsch. Ges. Halle 13: 277-316.
274. (Pubitemid 33669477) stoitsova s.r., georgiev b.b., vasileva g. P., Jordanova m. 2001: Rostellar apparatus of Fernandezia spinosissima (von Linstow, 1894) (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Davaineidae) : microanatomy and fne structure. Acta Zool. 82: 241-250.
275. Tedesco J. L., Coggins J. R. 1980: Electron microscopy of the tumulus and origin of associated structures within the tegument of Eubothrium salvelini Schrank, 1790 (Cestoidea: Pseudophyllidea). Int. J. Parasitol. 10: 275-280.
276. Thomas L. P 1983: Fine structure of the tentacles and associated microanatomy of Haplobothrium globuliforme (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). J. Parasitol. 69: 719-730.
277. Thompson R. C. A., Hayton A. R., Jue Sue L. P. 1980: An ultrastructural study of the microtriches of adult Proteocephalus tidswelli (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea). Z. Parasitenkd. 64: 95-111.
278. (Pubitemid 13176812) thompson r. C. A., Houghton A., zaman v. 1982: A study of the microtriches of adult Echinococcus granulosus by scanning electron microscopy. Int. J. Parasitol. 12: 579-583.
279. Threadgold L. T. 1962: An electron microscope study of the tegument and associated structures of Dipylidium caninum. Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 103: 135-140.
280. Threadgold L. T. 1964: The ultrastructure of the tegument of Proteocephalus pollanicoli [sic]. Third European Regional Conference on Electron Microscopy, Prague, pp. 563-564.
281. Threadgold L. T. 1965: An electron microscope study of the tegument and associated structures of Proteocephalus pollanicoli. Parasitology 55: 467-472.
282. Threadgold L. T. 1984: Parasitic Platyhelminths. In: J. Bereiter-Hahn, A. G. Matoltsy and K. S. Richards (Eds.), Biology of the Integument: I. Invertebrates (Vol. 1). Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York, pp. 132-191.
283. (Pubitemid 13130668) threadgold l.t., dunn J. 1983: Taenia crassiceps: regional variations in ultrastructure and evidence of endocytosis in the cysticercus tegument. Exp. Parasitol. 55: 121-131.
284. Timofeev V. A., Kuperman B. I. 1972: [Appearance and formation of microtrichia in cestodes as exemplifed by Triaenophorus nodulosus according to electron-microscope data.] Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 207: 757-759. (In Russian.)
285. Tsuboi T., Torii M., Hirai K. 1993: Light and scanning electron microscopy of Diphyllobothrium pacifcum expelled from man. Jpn. J. Parasitol. 42: 422-428.
286. Twohig M. E., Caira J. N., Fyler C. A. 2008: Two new cestode species from the dwarf whipray, Himantura walga (Batoidea: Dasyatidae), from Borneo, with comments on site and mode of attachment. J. Parasitol. 94: 1118-1127.
287. (Pubitemid 32172364) tyler g. A. 2001: Diphyllidean cestodes of the Gulf of California, Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Echinobothrium (Cestoda: Diphyllidea). J. Parasitol. 87: 173-184.
288. Tyler G. A. 2006: A Monograph on the Diphyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda). Tapeworms of Elasmobranchs. Part II. University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska, 142 pp.
289. Tyler G. A., Caira J. N. 1999: Two new species of Echinobothrium (Cestoidea: Diphyllidea) from myliobatiform elasmobranchs in the Gulf of California, México. j. Parasitol. 85: 327-335.
290. Ubelaker J. E. 1980: Structure and ultrastructure of the larvae and metacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta. In: H. P. Arai (Ed.), Biology of the Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Academic Press, New York, pp. 59-156.
291. Ubelaker J. E., Allison V. F., Specian R. D. 1973: Surface topography of Hymenolepis diminuta by scanning electron microscopy. J. Parasitol. 59: 667-671.
292. Valkounová J., Prokopič J. 1980: Morphology of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis erinacei (Gmelin, 1789). Folia Parasitol. 27: 53-57.
293. Voge M. 1962: Observations on the structure of the cysticercus of Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 29: 62-66.
294. Voge M. 1963: Observations on the structure of cysticerci of Taenia solium and T. saginata (Cestoda: Taeniidae). J. Parasitol. 49: 85-90.
295. Voge M., Sogandares-Bernal F., Martin J. H. 1979: Fine structure of the tegument of Mesocestoides tetrathyridia by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. J. Parasitol. 65: 562-567.
296. Waitz J. A. 1961: Studies of the ultrastructure of larval Hydatigera taeniaeformis. J. Parasitol. 47 (Suppl.) : 27.
297. Whittaker F. H., Apkarian R. P., Curless B., Carvajal J. G. 1985: Scanning electron microscopy of the scolices of the cestodes Parachristianella monomegacantha Kruse 1959 (Trypanorhyncha) and Phyllobothrium sp. Beneden 1849 (Tetraphyllidea). J. Parasitol. 71: 376-381.
298. Whittaker F. H., Carvajal J. G. 1980: Scanning electron microscopy of scolices of some cestodes from elasmobranchs. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 47: 256-259.
299. Whittaker F. H., Carvajal J. G., Apkarian R. 1982: Scanning electron microscopy of the scolex of Grillotia dollfusi Carvajal 1971 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha). J. Parasitol. 68: 1173-1175.
300. Yamane Y. 1968: On the fne structure of Diphyllobothrium erinacei with special reference to the tegument. Yonago Acta Med. 12: 169-181.
301. (Pubitemid 19048099) yAmAne y., bylund g., Abe k., OsAki y., OkAmOtO t. 1989: Scanning electron microscopic study of four Diphyllobothrium species. Parasitol. Res. 75: 238-244.
302. Yamane Y., Maejima J., Yazaki S. 1975: Scanning electron microscopic observation of the tegumental structure of diphyllobothriid cestodes. Yonago Acta Med. 19: 197-206.
303. Yamane Y., Nakagawa A., Makino Y., Hirai K. 1982a: An electron microscopic study of subtegumental cells and associated structures of Spirometra erinacei. Jpn. J. Parasitol. 31: 487-497.
304. (Pubitemid 12082030) yamane y., nakagawa A., makino y., yazaki s., Fukumoto s. 1982b: Ultrastructure of the tegument of Diphyllobothrium latum by scanning electron microscopy. Jpn. J. Parasitol. 31: 33-46.
305. (Pubitemid 20291520) yazaki s., Fukumoto s., maejima J. 1990: Cytoskelet al. construction and alteration of microtriches of Diphyllobothrium hottai, during early development stages. Jpn. J. Parasitol. 39: 165-171.
306. Young R. T. 1908: The histogenesis of Cysticercus pisiformis. Zool. Jahrb. 26: 183-254.
307. Žďárská Z., Nebesářová J. 1997: Ultrastructure of three types of scolex gland cells in adult Bothriocephalus claviceps (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). Folia Parasitol. 44: 139-146.
308. Žďárská Z., Nebesářová J. 1999: Regional ultrastructural differences of the scolex and neck tegument of Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae). Folia Parasitol. 46: 279-283.
309. Žďárská Z., Nebasářová J. 2003: Ultrastructure of the early rostellum of Silurotaenia siluri (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae). Parasitol. Res. 89: 495-500.
310. Žďárská Z., Nebesářová J. 2005: Transmission electron microscopy of the scolex and neck microtriches of Silurotaenia siluri (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea). Parasitol. Res. 97: 98-102.
311. Žďárská Z., Scholz T., Nebesář ová J. 2004: Ultrastructure of the apical glandular region of the scolex of Proteocephalus torulosus (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae). Folia Parasitol. 51: 333-338.