2. Supersonic Beam Sources

Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences

Volumn 29, Issue PART B, 1996, Pages 21-47

  Morse, Michael D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349458529     PISSN: 10794042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0076-695X(08)60784-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (155)

1. Luo F., McBane G.C., Kim G., Giese C.F., and Gentry W.R. J. Chem. Phys. 98 (1993) 3564
2. Schollkopf W., and Toennies J.P. Science 266 (1994) 1345
3. Liu B., and McLean A.D. J. Chem. Phys. 91 (1989) 2348
4. Vos R.J., van Lenthe J.H., and van Duijneveldt F.B. J. Chem. Phys. 93 (1990) 643
5. Tawa G.J., Whitlock P.A., Moscowitz J.W., and Schmidt K.W. Int. J. Supercomput. Appl. 5 (1991) 57
6. Ramsey N.F. Thermal Beam Sources. In: Hulet R., and Dunning F.B. (Eds). Methods of Experimental Physics: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics II (1993), Academic Press, New York
7. Ramsey N.F. Molecular Beams (1990), Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
8. Gingerich K.A. Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc. 14 (1980) 109 See, for example, and references therein.
9. Liepmann H.W., and Roshko A. Elements of Gas-dynamics (1957), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
10. Zucrow M.J., and Hoffman J.D. Gas Dynamics I (1976), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York See, for example, or
11. Kantrowitz A., and Grey J. Rev. Sci. Instr. 22 (1951) 328
12. Kistiakowsky G.B., and Slichter W.P. Rev. Sci. Instr. 22 (1951) 333
13. Becker E.W., and Bier K. Z. Naturforsch. 9A (1954) 975
14. Becker E.W., and Henkes W. Z. Phys. 146 (1956) 320
15. Anderson J.B. Molecular Beams from Nozzle Sources. In: Wegener P.P. (Ed). Molecular Beams and Low Density Gasdynamics (1974), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
16. Anderson J.B., and Fenn J.B. Phys. Fluids 8 (1965) 780
17. Owen P.L., and Thornhill C.K. Aeronaut. Res. Council, Great Britain, R & M (1948) 2616
18. Ashkenas H., and Sherman F.S. In: de Leeuw J.H. (Ed). Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 4th Symposium II (1966), Academic Press, New York 84
19. McClelland G.M., Saenger K.L., Valentini J.J., and Herschbach D.R. J. Phys. Chem. 83 (1979) 947
20. Hamel B.B., and Willis D.R. Phys. Fluids 9 (1966) 829
21. Bird G.A. AIAA J. 8 (1970) 1998.
22. Bier K., and Hagena O. In: de Leeuw J.H. (Ed). Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 4th Symposium II (1966), Academic Press, New York 260
23. Bier K., and Schmidt B. Z. Angew. Phys. 13 (1961) 34
24. Campargue R., Lebehot A., Lemmonier J.C., and Marette D. Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 12th Symposium. In: Fisher S.S. (Ed). Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 74 (1980) 823 Part 2
25. Parks E.K., and Wexler S. J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 4492
26. Russell J.A., Hershberger J.F., McAndrew J.J., Cross R.J., and Saunders M. J. Chem. Phys. 88 (1984) 4494
27. Hagena O., and Henkes W. Z. Naturforsch. 15A (1960) 851
28. Abuaf N., Anderson J.B., Andres R.P., Fenn J.B., and Marsden D.G. Science 155 (1967) 997
29. Anderson J.B. Entropie 18 (1967) 33
30. DePaul S., Pullman D., and Friedrich B. J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 2167
31. Anderson J.B. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. 13 (1967) 1188
32. Sherman F.S. Phys. Fluids 8 (1965) 773
33. Rothe D.E. Phys. Fluids 9 (1966) 1643
34. Hayes J.M. Chem. Rev. 87 (1987) 745
35. Stiller S., and Johnston M.V. Anal. Chem. 59 (1987) 567
36. Fenn J.B., and Deckers J. In: Laurmann J.A. (Ed). Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 3rd Symposium I (1963), Academic Press, New York 497
37. Fenn J.B., and Anderson J.B. In: de Leeuw J.H. (Ed). Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 4th Symposium II (1966), Academic Press, New York
38. Anderson J.B., Andres R.P., Fenn J.B., and Maise G. In: de Leeuw J.H. (Ed). Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 4th Symposium II (1966), Academic Press, New York
39. Campargue R. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 35 (1964) 111
40. Campargue R. In: de Leeuw J.H. (Ed). Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 4th Symposium II (1966), Academic Press, New York
41. Campargue R. J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 4466
42. Becker E.W., Bier K., and Henkes W. Z Physik 146 (1956) 333
43. Legon A.C. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 34 (1983) 275
44. Legon A.C., and Millen D.J. Chem. Rev. 86 (1986) 635 J. Chem. Phys. 78, 3483-3552 Flygare memorial issue). also see
45. Nesbitt D.J. Chem. Rev. 88 (1988) 843
46. Levy D.H. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 31 (1980) 197
47. Levy D.H. Adv. Chem. Phys. Al 323 (1981)
48. Heaven M.C. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 43 (1992) 283
49. Bartell L.S., and French R.J. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60 (1990) 6468
50. Bartell L.S., and French R.J. Z. Phys. D 12 (1989) 7
51. Bartell L.S. Chem. Rev. 86 (1986) 491
52. Castleman Jr. A.W., and Keesee R.G. Chem. Rev. 83 (1986) 589
53. Hagena O.F. Cluster Beams from Nozzle Sources. In: Wegener P.P. (Ed). Molecular Beams and Low Density Gasdynamics (1974), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
54. Hagena O.F. Surf. Sci. 106 (1981) 101
55. Smalley R.E., Wharton L., and Levy D.H. Accts. Chem. Res. 10 (1977) 139
56. Murphy H.R., and Miller D.R. J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 4474
57. Ryali S.B., and Fenn J.B. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 245
58. Sulkes M., Jouvet C., and Rice S.A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 87 (1982) 515
59. Amirav A., Even U., and Jortner J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 83 (1981) 1
60. Veeken K., and Reuss J. Appl. Phys. B 38 (1985) 117
61. Lovejoy C.M., and Nesbitt D.J. J. Chem. Phys. 86 (1987) 3151
62. Beylich A.E. Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 12th Symposium, Vol. II. In: Fisher S.S. (Ed). Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 74 (1981) 710
63. Dupeyrat G. Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 12th Symposium, Vol. II. In: Fisher S.S. (Ed). Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 74 (1981) 812
64. Saenger K.L. J. Chem. Phys. 75 (1981) 2467
65. Saenger K.L., and Fenn J.B. J. Chem. Phys. 79 (1983) 6043
66. Kuswa G., Stallings C., and Stam A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 41 (1970) 1362
67. Inutake M., and Kuriki K. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43 (1972) 1670
68. Riley J.A., and Giese C.F. J. Chem. Phys. 53 (1970) 146
69. Watters Jr. R.L., and Walters J.P. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48 (1977) 643
70. Inoue N., and Uchida T. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 39 (1968) 1461
71. Liverman M.G., Beck S.M., Monts D.L., and Smalley R.E. J. Chem. Phys. 70 (1979) 192
72. R. M. Jordan Company, 990 Golden Gate Terrace, Grass Valley, CA 95945.
73. Gentry W.R., and Giese C.F. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49 (1978) 595
74. Auerbach A., and McDiarmid R. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 51 (1980) 1273
75. Cross J.B., and Valentini J.J. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 53 (1982) 38
76. Lasertechnics, 5500 Wilshire Avenue NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113.
77. Köhler K.-A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 44 (1973) 73
78. Behlen F.M., and Rice S.A. J. Chem. Phys. 75 (1981) 5672
79. Tusa J., Sulkes M., Rice S.A., and Jouvet C. J. Chem. Phys. 76 (1982) 3513
80. Otis C.E., and Johnson P.M. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 51 (1980) 1128
81. General Valve Corporation, 19 Gloria Lane, Fairfield, NJ 07004.
82. Adams T.E., Rockney B.H., Morrison R.J.S., and Grant E.R. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52 (1981) 1469
83. Hopkins J.B., Langridge-Smith P.R.R., Morse M.D., and Smalley R.E. J. Chem. Phys. 78 (1983) 1627
84. Lemire, G. W. (1989). Ph.D. thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
85. Adriaens M.R., Allison W., and Feuerbacher B. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 14 (1981) 1375
86. Amirav A., Even U., and Jortner J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 83 (1981) 1
87. Lovejoy C.M., and Nesbitt D.J. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58 (1987) 807
88. Smalley R.E., Ramakrishna B.L., Levy D.H., and Wharton L. J. Chem. Phys. 61 (1974) 4363
89. Smalley R.E., Wharton L., and Levy D.H. J. Chem. Phys. 63 (1975) 4977
90. Engelking P.C. Chem. Rev. 91 (1991) 399
91. Foster S.C., and Miller T.A. J. Phys. Chem. 93 (1989) 5986
92. Ahmad-Bitar R., Lapatovich W.P., Pritchard D.E., and Renhorn I. Phys. Rev. Lett. 39 (1977) 1657
93. Smalley R.E., Auerbach D.A., Fitch P.S., Levy D.H., and Wharton L. J. Chem. Phys. 66 (1977) 3778
94. Monts D.L., Dietz T.G., Duncan M.A., and Smalley R.E. Chem. Phys. 45 (1980) 133
95. Xie W., Harkin C., and Dai H.-L. J. Chem. Phys. 93 (1990) 4615
96. Farthing J.W., Fletcher I.W., and Whitehead J.C. J. Phys. Chem. 87 (1983) 1663
97. Heaven M., Miller T.A., and Bondybey V.E. J. Chem. Phys. 80 (1984) 51
98. Song X.-M., and Cool T.A. J. Chem. Phys. 96 (1992) 8664
99. Cool T.A., and Song X.-M. J. Chem. Phys. 96 (1992) 8675
100. Getty J.D., Burmeister M.J., Westre S.G., and Kelly P.B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (1991) 801
101. Getty J.D., Liu X., and Kelly P.B. J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 10155
102. Searcy J.Q. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 45 (1974) 589
103. Leasure E.L., Mueller C.R., and Ridley T.Y. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46 (1975) 635
104. Brutschy B., and Haberland H. J. Phys. E 10 (1977) 90
105. Ganteför G., Siekmann H.R., Lutz H.O., and Meiwes-Broer K.H. Chem. Phys. Lett. 165 (1990) 293
106. Droege A.T., and Engelking P.C. Chem. Phys. Lett. 96 (1983) 316
107. Carrick P.G., and Engelking P.C. Chem. Phys. Lett. 108 (1984) 505
108. Engelking P.C. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57 (1986) 2274
109. Brazier C.R., Carrick P.G., and Bemath P.F. J. Chem. Phys. 96 (1992) 919
110. Sharpe S., and Johnson P. Chem. Phys. Lett. 107 (1984) 35
111. Sharpe S., and Johnson P. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 116 (1986) 247
112. Sharpe S., and Johnson P. J. Chem. Phys. 85 (1986) 4943
113. Dunlop J.R., Karolczak J., and Clouthier D.J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 151 (1988) 362
114. Kohn D.W., Clauberg H., and Chen P. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1992) 4003
115. Chen P., Colson S.D., Chupka W.A., and Berson J.A. J. Phys. Chem. 90 (1986) 2319
116. Minsek D.W., and Chen P. J. Phys. Chem. 94 (1990) 8399
117. Minsek D.W., Blush J.A., and Chen P. J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 2025
118. Blush J.A., Minsek D.W., and Chen P. J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 10150
119. Blush J.A., and Chen P. J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 4138
120. Clouthier D.J., and Karolczak J. J. Chem. Phys. 94 (1991) 1
121. Karolczak J., and Clouthier D.J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 201 (1993) 409
122. Karolczak J., Zhuo Q., and Clouthier D.J. J. Chem. Phys. 98 (1993) 60
123. Karolczak J., Clouthier D.J., and Judge R.H. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 147 (1991) 61
124. Clouthier D.J., Karolczak J., Rae J., Chan W.-T., Goddard J.D., and Judge R.H. J. Chem. Phys. 97 (1992) 1638
125. Kohn D.W., and Chen P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 2844
126. Dietz T.G., Duncan M.A., Powers D.E., and Smalley R.E. J. Chem. Phys. 74 (1981) 6511
127. O'Brien S.C., Liu Y., Zhang Q., Heath J.R., Tittel F.K., Curl R.F., and Smalley R.E. J. Chem. Phys. 84 (1986) 4074
128. Weidele H., Frenzel U., Leisner T., and Kreisle D. Z. Phys. D 20 (1991) 411
129. Morse M.D. Chem. Rev. 86 (1986) 1049
130. Morse M.D. Adv. Metal Semiconductor Clusters 1 (1993) 83
131. Bourne O.L., Humphries M.R., Mitchell S.A., and Hackett P.A. Opt. Commun. 56 (1986) 403
132. Simard B., Mitchell S.A., Humphries M.R., and Hackett P.A. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 129 (1988) 186
133. Simard B., Mitchell S.A., Hendel L.M., and Hackett P.A. Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc. 86 (1988) 163
134. Bechthold P.S., Parks E.K., Weiller B.H., Pobo L.G., and Riley S.J. Z. f. Phys. Chem. 169 (1990) 101
135. Kaldor A., Cox D.M., and Zakin M.R. Adv. Chem. Phys. 70 (1988) 211
136. Armentrout P.B., Hales D.A., and Lian L. Adv. Metal Semiconductor Clusters 2 (1994) 1
137. Moazzen-Ahmadi N., McKellar A.R.W., and Amano T. J. Chem. Phys. 91 (1989) 2140
138. Heath J.R., and Saykally R.J. J. Chem. Phys. 93 (1990) 8392
139. Heath J.R., and Saykally R.J. J. Chem. Phys. 94 (1991) 3271
140. Arnold D.W., Bradforth S.E., Kitsopoulos T.N., and Neumark D.M. J. Chem. Phys. 95 (1991) 8753
141. Kroto H.W., Heath J.R., O'Brien S.C., Curl R.F., and Smalley R.E. Nature 318 (1985) 162
142. Guo B.C., Kerns K.P., and Castleman Jr. A.W. Sciences 255 (1992) 1411
143. Chen Z.Y., Walder G.J., and Castleman Jr. A.W. J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 9581
144. Castleman Jr. A.W., Guo B., and Wei S. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 6 (1992) 3587
145. Bloomfield L., Geusic M.E., Freeman R., and Brown W.L. Chem. Phys. Lett. 121 (1985) 33
146. Liu Y., Zhang Q.-L., Tittel F.K., Curl R.F., and Smalley R.E. J. Chem. Phys. 85 (1986) 7434
147. Zheng L.-S., Brucat P.J., Pettiette C.L., Yang S., and Smalley R.E. J. Chem. Phys. 83 (1985) 4273
148. Johnson M.A., Alexander M.L., and Lineberger W.C. Chem. Phys. Lett. 112 (1984) 285
149. Posey L.A., and Johnson M.A. J. Chem. Phys. 89 (1988) 4807
150. Armbruster M., Haberland H., and Schindler H.-G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 47 (1981) 323
151. Haberland H., Schindler H.-G., and Worsnop D.R. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 270
152. Haberland H., Langosch H., Schindler H.-G., and Worsnop D.R. J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 3903
153. Haberland H., Ledewigt C., Schindler H.-G., and Worsnop D.R. J. Chem. Phys. 81 (1984) 3742
154. Steimle T.C., Fletcher D.A., Jung K.Y., and Scurlock C.T. Chem. Phys. Lett. 184 (1991) 379
155. Schulz C.P., Haugstatter R., Tittes H.U., and Hertel I.V. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 1703