Recent legal developments in carbon sequestration

Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Eastern Regional/AAPG Eastern Section Joint Meeting 2008

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 50-71

  Flanery, S O ^a   McCarty, S C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COAL; EMISSION CONTROL; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; FORESTRY; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS; INJECTION (OIL WELLS); POTABLE WATER;

CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAM; COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT; EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS; LARGE-SCALE CARBON SEQUESTRATIONS; REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT; UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;

LAWS AND LEGISLATION;

EID: 70349439136     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.2118/116231-ms     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (184)

1. Carbon Sequestration Research and Development, DEPT. OF ENERGY, http://fossil.energy.gov/sequestration/cslf/sequestrationfactsheet-06-18.pdf (last visited Aug. 4, 2008).
2. In fact, the International Energy Agency estimates that overall world coal use will increase by fifty percent (50%) by 2010. Id. at 1.
3. Id. at 1.
4. 2 sequestration" are used interchangeably herein.
5. Carbon Sequestration Research and Development, supra note 1, at 1.
6. Id.
7. 2. Harris, at 6; Michael Miller, Marshall Miller & Assoc, Address to WV Air & Waste Management Association (Feb. 26, 2008).
8. 2 easily attaches to coal, making it less likely to escape.
9. 2.
10. Carbon Sequestration Research and Development, supra note 1, at 5.
11. Central Appalachian coal seams have a storage capacity of 23.1 trillion cubic feet, which only equates to one and one-half percent (1.5%) of the total storage capacity in the United States and Canada. Miller, supra note 6; 73 Fed. Reg. at 43, 503.
12. Harris, supra note 6, at 6.
13. 2 in the United States and Canada. 73 Fed. Reg. at 43,502;
14. see also MODEL STATUTE FOR GEOLOGIC STORAGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE § 2(c) (Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Comm'n 2007).
15. Harris, supra note 6, at 5.
16. CO2 Storage: A Legal and Regulatory Guide for States, INTERSTATE OIL & GAS COMPACT COMMISSION (IOGCC) (Dec. 2007).
17. Harris, supra note 6, at 1.
18. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, A Legal and Regulatory Guide for States and Provinces, INTERSTATEOIL AND GAS COMPACT COMMISSION TASK FORCE ON CARBON CAPTURE AND GEOLOGIC STORAGE 3 (Sept. 2007);
19. CO2 Storage, supra note 11, at 2.
20. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 3.
21. Pam Kasey, Commission Develops Carbon Dioxide Storage Guidelines, THE STATE JOURNAL, Oct. 5, 2007, at 22. The 2005 Phase I Report noted that each state may conclude that its oil and gas agency may be the most appropriate agency with jurisdiction; however, some states (especially those without an oil and gas agency) may choose another agency, such as the public service commission or environmental agency.
22. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 14.
23. Kasey, supra note 15.
24. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13;
25. see also Darrick W. Eugene, Vinson & Elkins LLP, Address at Air & Waste Management Association Conference: Carbon Management Through CCS (April 24, 2008).
26. CO2 Storage, supra note 11, at 4.
27. 2 is treated as a resource rather than a waste.
28. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 3.
29. Id. at 3.
30. 2. See Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 24.
31. Id. at 28.
32. Id. at 15.
33. Id. at 16.
34. Id. at 19.
35. Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide, U.S. Dept. of Energy Underground Injection Control Program, http://www.epa.gocv/OGWDW/uic/wells- sequestration.html (last visited July 28, 2008).
36. Mineral law experts William & Myers seem to suggest that the mineral owner has the exclusive use of the pore space. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 20.
37. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 28.
38. See MODEL STATUTE § 5.
39. See id. § 5 n. 3.
40. See id.
41. See MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR GEOLOGIC STORAGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE § 4.1(b)(10) (Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Comm'n 2007).
42. Id. § 2.0(b), (e), (m).
43. Id. § 2.0(b).
44. Id. § 4.1(b)(11);
45. see also Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 27.
46. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 4.1(b)(11).
47. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 27.
48. Id. at 29;
49. see MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS §§ 4, 6.
50. See MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 4.1(b)(10).
51. Id. § 2.0(m).
52. See id. § 4.1(b);
53. see also Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 42.
54. See MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS §4.1(b)(2).
55. Id. §4.1(b).
56. See id.
57. See MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS §§ 4.1(a), 4.1(b);
58. see also Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 27, 42.
59. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 4.1(b); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 43.
60. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS §4.1(b).
61. Id. § 5.0;
62. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 43.
63. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 5.0(b); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 43.
64. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 6.1(a).
65. Id.
66. Id. §6.1(b).
67. Id. §6.1(c).
68. Id. § 6.2;
69. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 46.
70. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 6.3(a); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 47.
71. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 6.3(b); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 47.
72. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 6.3(h); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 47.
73. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 6.3(m)(l); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 47.
74. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 6.3(p); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 48.
75. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 7.2(a); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 48.
76. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS §§ 7.2(b), (c), (d); Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 48.
77. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 7.3; Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 30, 49.
78. Harris, supra note 6, at 7;
79. Miller, supra note 6.
80. Randall Harris, Director of Project Development, Mingo County Redevelopment Authority, Address to West Virginia Legislature Joint Commission on Economic Development: Introduction to Carbon Sequestration (Aug. 18, 2007).
81. Harris, supra note 65.
82. Id.
83. Id.
84. Id.
85. 73 Fed. Reg. at 43,498.
86. Harris, supra note 6, at 9;
87. Mark Anthony de Figueiredo, The Liability of Carbon Dioxide Storage (Fed. 2007) (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Mass. Institute of Tech.) (on file with author).
88. Figueiredo, supra note 71.
89. Id.
90. Harris, supra note 6, at 9.
91. Figueiredo, supra note 71.
92. Harris, supra note 6, at 9.
93. Id.
94. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 9.0.
95. Id. § 2.0(f).
96. Id. § 2.0(j).
97. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 3.
98. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 9.0; Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 30.
99. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 9.0(b).
100. Id. § 9.0;
101. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 30.
102. MODEL STATUTE §§ 6, 8;
103. MODEL GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS § 9.0(j);
104. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 30-31.
105. Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Structures, supra note 13, at 31.
106. 42 U.S.C. § 300h, et seq.
107. 73 Fed. Reg. at 43,497.
108. Id.
109. Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide, supra note 28. The full text of the EPA Proposed Rule can be found at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA- WATER/2006/July/Day-25/wl6626.htm.
110. Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide, supra note 28.
111. Harris, supra note 6, at 1.
112. Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide, supra note 28.
113. Eugene, supra note 18.
114. 73 Fed. Reg. at 43, 502.
115. Id.
116. Id.
117. Harris, supra note 65;
118. Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide, supra note 28.
119. 73 Fed. Reg. at 43,502;
120. EPA Proposes New Requirements for Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide, EPA 816-F-08-032 (July 2008).
121. 73 Fed. Reg. at 43,502.
122. Id. at 43,503.
123. Id.
124. Id.
125. Id. at 43,504.
126. Id.
127. Id. at 43,517.
128. Id. at 43,505.
129. Id. at 43,506.
130. Id. at 43,507.
131. Id.
132. Id.
133. Id. at 43,508.
134. Id.
135. Id. at 43,509.
136. Id. at 43,510.
137. Id.
138. Id. at 43,511.
139. Id. at 43,510.
140. Id. at 43,511.
141. Id.
142. Id. at 43,514.
143. Id.
144. Id.
145. Id. at 43,515-16.
146. Id. at 43,513.
147. Id.
148. Id. at 43,517.
149. Id. at 43,518.
150. Id.
151. Id. at 43,520.
152. Id. at 43,521.
153. FutureGen Clean Coal Projects, DEPT. OF ENERGY, http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/futuregen/ (last visited July 16, 2008).
154. Id.
155. Harris, supra note 6, at 3.
156. Paul Thompson, Chairman of the Board, FutureGen Alliance, Opening Remarks and Summary of Testimony: Before the U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development (May 8, 2008).
157. Id.
158. Id.
159. Id.
160. Id.
161. Id.
162. FutureGen Clean Coal Projects, supra note 132.
163. Id.
164. Thompson, supra note 135.
165. Id.
166. Ken Ward, Jr., NASA Scientist Calls for Phase-out of Coal Use by 2030, THE CHARLESTON GAZETTE, June 24, 2008, available at http://wvgazette.com/News/200806230648.
167. Eugene, supra note 18.
168. See generally Emissions Trading, http://en.widipedia.org/wiki/ Emissions-trading (last visited Aug. 4, 2008).
169. See id.
170. See id.
171. See id.
172. Eugene, supra note 18.
173. Id.
174. th Annual Conference on Air & Water Permits Luncheon (July 17, 2008).
175. Id.
176. Id.
177. Miller, supra note 6.
178. Braine, supra note 153.
179. Id.
180. Lisa M. Pinsker, Demonstrating Carbon Sequestration: Value Added in Coal Seams, GEOTIMES, available at http://geotimes.org/ mar03/feature-demonstrating.html.
181. Id.; Katharine Lee Avary, Address to W.V. Legislature Joint Commission on Economic Devevlopment Interim Session (Aug. 19, 2007).
182. Miller, supra note 6.
183. PLATTS COAL TRADER, July 17, 2008, at 4-5.
184. Id.