메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 6, 2009, Pages

Global bubble distribution seen from ROCSAT-1 and its association with the evening prereversal enhancement

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 70349433632     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013672     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (110)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0000956418 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic declination control of the equatorial F-region dynamo electric field development and spread F
    • Abdu, M. A., J. A. Bittencourt, and I. S. Batista (1981), Magnetic declination control of the equatorial F-region dynamo electric field development and spread F, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 11,443-11,446.
    • (1981) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.86 , pp. 11443-11446
    • Abdu, M.A.1    Bittencourt, J.A.2    Batista, I.S.3
  • 2
    • 0000509255 scopus 로고
    • A new aspect of magnetic declination control of equatorial spread F and F-region dynamo
    • Abdu, M. A., I. S. Batista, and J. H. A. Sobral (1992), A new aspect of magnetic declination control of equatorial spread F and F-region dynamo, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14,897-14,904.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 14897-14904
    • Abdu, M.A.1    Batista, I.S.2    Sobral, J.H.A.3
  • 3
    • 33646840881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planetary wave oscillations in mesospheric winds, equatorial evening prereversal electric field and spread F
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL024837.
    • Abdu, M. A., P. P. Batista, I. S. Batista, C. G. M. Brum, A. J. Carrasco, and B. W. Reinisch (2006), Planetary wave oscillations in mesospheric winds, equatorial evening prereversal electric field and spread F, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07107, doi:10.1029/2005GL024837.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Abdu, M.A.1    Batista, P.P.2    Batista, I.S.3    Brum, C.G.M.4    Carrasco, A.J.5    Reinisch, B.W.6
  • 4
    • 7244259098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation activity in the equatorial ionosphere on a day-to-day basis
    • Anderson, D. N., B. Reinisch, C. Valladares, J. Chau, and O. Veliz (2004), Forecasting the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation activity in the equatorial ionosphere on a day-to-day basis, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 1567-1572.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. , vol.66 , pp. 1567-1572
    • Anderson, D.N.1    Reinisch, B.2    Valladares, C.3    Chau, J.4    Veliz, O.5
  • 5
    • 0000089679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scintillation, plasma drifts, and neutral winds in the equatorial ionosphere after sunset
    • Basu, S., et al. (1996), Scintillation, plasma drifts, and neutral winds in the equatorial ionosphere after sunset, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26,795-26,809.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 26795-26809
    • Basu, S.1
  • 6
    • 33845775271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal variability of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by DMSP and ROCSAT-I
    • doi:10.1029/ 2004JA010583.
    • Burke, W. J., L. C. Gentile, C. Y. Huang, C. E. Valladares, and S.-Y. Su (2004a), Longitudinal variability of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by DMSP and ROCSAT-I, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A12301, doi:10.1029/ 2004JA010583.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Burke, W.J.1    Gentile, L.C.2    Huang, C.Y.3    Valladares, C.E.4    Su, S.-Y.5
  • 7
    • 7244247260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonallongitudinal variability of equatorial plasma bubbles
    • Burke, W. J., C. Y. Huang, L. C. Gentile, and L. Bauer (2004b), Seasonallongitudinal variability of equatorial plasma bubbles, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3089-3098.
    • (2004) Ann. Geophys. , vol.22 , pp. 3089-3098
    • Burke, W.J.1    Huang, C.Y.2    Gentile, L.C.3    Bauer, L.4
  • 9
    • 34248508837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal variation of me E-region electric fields caused by atmospheric tides
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL027465.
    • England, S. L., S. Maus, T. J. Immel, and S. B. Mende (2006b), Longitudinal variation of me E-region electric fields caused by atmospheric tides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21105, doi:10.1029/2006GL027465.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • England, S.L.1    Maus, S.2    Immel, T.J.3    Mende, S.B.4
  • 10
    • 0033418091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of day-to-day variability in precursor signatures to equatorial F-region plasma depletions
    • Fagundes, P. R., Y. Sahai, I. S. Batista, M. A. Abdu, J. A. Bittencourt, and H. Takahashi (1999), Observations of day-to-day variability in precursor signatures to equatorial F-region plasma depletions, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1053-1063.
    • (1999) Ann. Geophys. , vol.17 , pp. 1053-1063
    • Fagundes, P.R.1    Sahai, Y.2    Batista, I.S.3    Abdu, M.A.4    Bittencourt, J.A.5    Takahashi, H.6
  • 11
    • 0014928065 scopus 로고
    • Equatorial spread F: Implications of VHF radar observations
    • Farley, D. T., B. Balsley, R. F. Woodman, and J. P. McClure (1970), Equatorial spread F: Implications of VHF radar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7199-7216.
    • (1970) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 7199-7216
    • Farley, D.T.1    Balsley, B.2    Woodman, R.F.3    McClure, J.P.4
  • 12
    • 0001610590 scopus 로고
    • The prereversal enhancement of the zonal electric field in the equatorial ionosphere
    • Farley, D. T., E. Bonelli, B. G. Fejer, and M. F. Larsen (1986), The prereversal enhancement of the zonal electric field in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,723-13,728.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 13723-13728
    • Farley, D.T.1    Bonelli, E.2    Fejer, B.G.3    Larsen, M.F.4
  • 13
    • 0000862410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the vertical plasma drift velocity on the generation and evolution of equatorial spread F
    • Fejer, B. G., L. Scherliess, and E. R. de Paula (1999), Effects of the vertical plasma drift velocity on the generation and evolution of equatorial spread F, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19,859-19,869.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 19859-19869
    • Fejer, B.G.1    Scherliess, L.2    De Paula, E.R.3
  • 14
    • 48249101955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quiet time equatorial F region vertical plasma drift model derived from ROCSAT-1 observations
    • doi:10.1029/2007JA012801.
    • Fejer, B. G., J. W. Jensen, and S.-Y. Su (2008), Quiet time equatorial F region vertical plasma drift model derived from ROCSAT-1 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05304, doi:10.1029/2007JA012801.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Fejer, B.G.1    Jensen, J.W.2    Su, S.-Y.3
  • 15
    • 33845753058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A climatology of equatorial plasma bubbles from DMSP 1989-2004
    • doi:10.1029/2005RS003340.
    • Gentile, L. C., W. J. Burke, and F. J. Rich (2006), A climatology of equatorial plasma bubbles from DMSP 1989-2004, Radio Sci., 41, RS5S21, doi:10.1029/2005RS003340.
    • (2006) Radio Sci. , vol.41
    • Gentile, L.C.1    Burke, W.J.2    Rich, F.J.3
  • 16
    • 37249037818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and longitudinal variation of large-scale topside equatorial plasma depletions
    • doi:10.1029/2005JA011153.
    • Hei, M. A., R. A. Heelis, and J. P. McClure (2005), Seasonal and longitudinal variation of large-scale topside equatorial plasma depletions, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12315, doi:10.1029/2005JA011153.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Hei, M.A.1    Heelis, R.A.2    McClure, J.P.3
  • 17
    • 33845616454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the equatorial anomaly and equatorial plasma bubbles using image subspace analysis of Global Ultraviolet Imager data
    • doi:10.1029/2005JA011080
    • Henderson, S. B., C. M. Swenson, A. B. Christensen, and L. J. Paxton (2005), Morphology of the equatorial anomaly and equatorial plasma bubbles using image subspace analysis of Global Ultraviolet Imager data, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A11306, doi:10.1029/2005JA011080.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Henderson, S.B.1    Swenson, C.M.2    Christensen, A.B.3    Paxton, L.J.4
  • 18
    • 13244266262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collisional shear instability in the eqautorial F region ionosphere
    • doi:10.1029/2004JA010636
    • Hysell, D. L., and E. Kudeki (2004), Collisional shear instability in the eqautorial F region ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A11301, doi:10.1029/2004JA010636.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Hysell, D.L.1    Kudeki, E.2
  • 21
    • 1642325364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of density irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere
    • 97JA02698
    • Kil, H., and R. A. Heelis (1998), Global distribution of density irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 407-417. (Pubitemid 128664827)
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics , vol.103 , Issue.A1 , pp. 407-417
    • Kil, H.1    Heelis, R.A.2
  • 22
    • 18244413788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F-region plasma distribution seen from TIMED/GUVI and its relation to the equatorial spread F activity
    • Kil, H., R. DeMajistre, and L. J. Paxton (2004), F-region plasma distribution seen from TIMED/GUVI and its relation to the equatorial spread F activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05810, doi:10.1029/2003GL018703. (Pubitemid 38616573)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.5
    • Kil, H.1    Demajistre, R.2    Paxton, L.J.3
  • 23
    • 33751081251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F-region Pedersen conductivity deduced using the TIMED/GUVI limb retrievals
    • Kil, H., R. DeMajistre, L. J. Paxton, and Y. Zhang (2006), F-region Pedersen conductivity deduced using the TIMED/GUVI limb retrievals, Ann. Geophys., 24, 1311-1316. (Pubitemid 44770325)
    • (2006) Annales Geophysicae , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 1311-1316
    • Kil, H.1    Demajistre, M.2    Paxton, L.J.3    Zhang, Y.4
  • 25
    • 56749177150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The wave structures of the plasma density and vertical e x B drift in low-latitude F region
    • doi:10.1029/2008JA013106
    • Kil, H., E. R. Talaat, S.-J. Oh, L. J. Paxton, S. L. England, and S.-Y. Su (2008), The wave structures of the plasma density and vertical E x B drift in low-latitude F region, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A09312, doi:10.1029/2008JA013106.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Kil, H.1    Talaat, E.R.2    Oh, S.-J.3    Paxton, L.J.4    England, S.L.5    Su, S.-Y.6
  • 26
    • 37749025257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The correlation of longitudinal/seasonal variations of evening equatorial pre-reversal drift and of plasma bubbles
    • Li, G., B. Ning, L. Liu, J. Ren, J. Lei, and S.-Y. Su (2008), The correlation of longitudinal/seasonal variations of evening equatorial pre-reversal drift and of plasma bubbles, Ann. Geophys., 25, 2571-2578.
    • (2008) Ann. Geophys. , vol.25 , pp. 2571-2578
    • Li, G.1    Ning, B.2    Liu, L.3    Ren, J.4    Lei, J.5    Su, S.-Y.6
  • 27
    • 34547972030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the equatorial ionosphere observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC: Three-dimensional electron density structures
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL029265
    • Lin, C. H., W. Wang, M. E. Hagan, C. C. Hsiao, T. J. Immel, M. L. Hsu, J. Y. Liu, L. J. Paxton, T. W. Fang, and C. H. Liu (2007), Plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the equatorial ionosphere observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC: Three-dimensional electron density structures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L11112, doi:10.1029/2007GL029265.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Lin, C.H.1    Wang, W.2    Hagan, M.E.3    Hsiao, C.C.4    Immel, T.J.5    Hsu, M.L.6    Liu, J.Y.7    Paxton, L.J.8    Fang, T.W.9    Liu, C.H.10
  • 28
    • 35948984112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal variation of F region electron density and thermospheric zonal wind caused by atmospheric tides
    • DOI 10.1029/2007GL030639
    • Lühr, H., K. Hausier, and C. Stolle (2007), Longitudinal variation of F region electron density and thermospheric zonal wind caused by atmospheric tides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, Ll6102, doi:10.1029/2007GL030639. (Pubitemid 350065301)
    • (2007) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.34 , Issue.16
    • Luhr, H.1    Hausler, K.2    Stolle, C.3
  • 29
    • 7244236612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the seasonal variations of equatoiral plasma bubble occurrence observed from Haleakala, Hawaii
    • Makela, J. J., B. M. Ledvina, M. C. Kelley, and P. M. Kintner (2004), Analysis of the seasonal variations of equatoiral plasma bubble occurrence observed from Haleakala, Hawaii, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3109-3121.
    • (2004) Ann. Geophys. , vol.22 , pp. 3109-3121
    • Makela, J.J.1    Ledvina, B.M.2    Kelley, M.C.3    Kintner, P.M.4
  • 30
    • 0021612849 scopus 로고
    • LONGITUDINAL VARIABILITY of ANNUAL CHANGES in ACTIVITY of EQUATORIAL SPREAD F and PLASMA BUBBLES
    • Maruyama, T., and N. Matuura (1984), Longitudinal variability of annual changes in activity of equatorial spread F and plasma bubbles, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10,903-10,912. (Pubitemid 15438450)
    • (1984) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.89 , Issue.A12 , pp. 10903-10912
    • Maruyama, T.1    Matuura, N.2
  • 31
    • 0004789040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of equatorial F region irregularities: Evidence for tropospheric seeding
    • McClure, J. P., S. Singh, D. K. Bamgboye, F. S. Johnson, and H. Kil (1998), Occurrence of equatorial F region irregularities: Evidence for tropospheric seeding, J. Geophys. Res, 103, 29,119-29,135.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res , vol.103 , pp. 29119-29135
    • McClure, J.P.1    Singh, S.2    Bamgboye, D.K.3    Johnson, F.S.4    Kil, H.5
  • 33
    • 48249145430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence characteristics of plasma bubble derived from global ground-based GPS receiver networks
    • doi:10.1029/2007JA012605.
    • Nishioka, M., A. Saito, and T. Tsugawa (2008), Occurrence characteristics of plasma bubble derived from global ground-based GPS receiver networks, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05301, doi:10.1029/2007JA012605.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Nishioka, M.1    Saito, A.2    Tsugawa, T.3
  • 34
    • 49049085032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect fo the vertical e x B drift on the formation of the longitudinal plasma density structure in the low-latitude F region
    • Oh, S.-J., H. Kil, and W.-T. Kim (2008), The effect fo the vertical E x B drift on the formation of the longitudinal plasma density structure in the low-latitude F region, Ann. Geophys., 26, 2061-2067.
    • (2008) Ann. Geophys. , vol.26 , pp. 2061-2067
    • Oh, S.-J.1    Kil, H.2    Kim, W.-T.3
  • 35
    • 0000194394 scopus 로고
    • Equatorial spread F by electric fields and atmospheric gravity waves generated by thunderstorms
    • Röttger, J. (1981), Equatorial spread F by electric fields and atmospheric gravity waves generated by thunderstorms, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 43, 453-462.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.43 , pp. 453-462
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 36
    • 33845643243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal structure of the equatorial anomaly in the nighttime ionosphere observed by IMAGE/FUV
    • DOI 10.1029/2004JA010848
    • Sagawa, E., T. J. Immel, H. U. Frey, and S. B. Mende (2005), Longitudinal structure of the equatorial anomaly in the nighttime ionosphere observed by IMAGE/FUV, J. Geophys. Res., 110, Al1302, doi:10.1029/2004JA010848. (Pubitemid 44971537)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics , vol.110 , Issue.A11
    • Sagawa, E.1    Immel, T.J.2    Frey, H.U.3    Mende, S.B.4
  • 37
    • 40949159358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal variability of low-latitude total electron content: Tidal influences
    • doi:10.1029/2007JA012480
    • Scherliess, L., D. C. Thompson, and R. W. Schunk (2008), Longitudinal variability of low-latitude total electron content: Tidal influences, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A01311, doi:10.1029/2007JA012480.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Scherliess, L.1    Thompson, D.C.2    Schunk, R.W.3
  • 38
    • 37149014563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gravity wave seeding of equatorial plasma bubbles
    • 96JA03998
    • Singh, S., F. S. Johnson, and R. A. Power (1997), Gravity wave seeding of equatorial plasma bubbles, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 7399-7410. (Pubitemid 127694139)
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics , vol.102 , Issue.A4 , pp. 7399-7410
    • Singh, S.1
  • 39
    • 33751272923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic signatures of equatorial spread F as observed by the CHAMP satellite
    • doi:10.1029/2005JA011184
    • Stolle, C., H. Lühr, M. Rother, and G. Balasis (2006), Magnetic signatures of equatorial spread F as observed by the CHAMP satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A02304, doi:10.1029/2005JA011184.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Stolle, C.1    Lühr, H.2    Rother, M.3    Balasis, G.4
  • 41
    • 33947593530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution characteristics of topside ionospheric density irregularities: Equatorial versus midlatitude regions
    • doi:10.1029/2005JA011330
    • Su, S.-Y., C. H. Liu, H. H. Ho, and C. K. Chao (2006), Distribution characteristics of topside ionospheric density irregularities: Equatorial versus midlatitude regions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A06305, doi:10.1029/2005JA011330.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Su, S.-Y.1    Liu, C.H.2    Ho, H.H.3    Chao, C.K.4
  • 42
    • 48249118355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On monthly/seasonal/longitudinal variations of equatorial irregularity occurrences and their relationship with the postsunset vertical drift velocities
    • doi:10.1029/2007JA012809
    • Su, S.-Y., C. K. Chao, and C. H. Liu (2008), On monthly/seasonal/ longitudinal variations of equatorial irregularity occurrences and their relationship with the postsunset vertical drift velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05307, doi:10.1029/2007JA012809.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Su, S.-Y.1    Chao, C.K.2    Liu, C.H.3
  • 43
    • 46149117303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal dependence of the forecast parameter based on the EIA characteristics for the prediction of equatorial spread F ESF
    • Thampi, S. V., S. Ravindraa, T. K. Pant, C. V. Devasia, and R. Sridharan (2008), Seasonal dependence of the forecast parameter based on the EIA characteristics for the prediction of equatorial spread F (ESF), Ann. Geophys., 26, 1751-1757.
    • (2008) Ann. Geophys. , vol.26 , pp. 1751-1757
    • Thampi, S.V.1    Ravindraa, S.2    Pant, T.K.3    Devasia, C.V.4    Sridharan, R.5
  • 44
    • 0021784208 scopus 로고
    • Control of the seasonal and longitudinal occurrence of equatorial scintillations by the longitudinal gradient in integrated e region Pedersen conductivity
    • Tsunoda, R. T. (1985), Control of the seasonal and longitudinal occurrence of equatorial scintillations by the longitudinal gradient in integrated E region Pedersen conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 447-456.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 447-456
    • Tsunoda, R.T.1
  • 45
    • 22944465084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the enigma of day-to-day variability in equatorial spread F
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL022512
    • Tsunoda, R. T. (2005), On the enigma of day-to-day variability in equatorial spread F, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08103, doi:10.1029/2005GL022512.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Tsunoda, R.T.1
  • 46
    • 33845609590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Day-to-day variability in equatorial spread F: Is there some physics missing?
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL025956
    • Tsunoda, R. T. (2006), Day-to-day variability in equatorial spread F: Is there some physics missing?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16106, doi:10.1029/2006GL025956.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Tsunoda, R.T.1
  • 47
    • 58249085977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite traces: An ionogram signature for largescale wave structure and a precursor for equatorial spread F
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL035706
    • Tsunoda, R. T. (2008), Satellite traces: An ionogram signature for largescale wave structure and a precursor for equatorial spread F, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20110, doi:10.1029/2008GL035706.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Tsunoda, R.T.1
  • 48
    • 0039848955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ROCSAT-1 IPEI preliminary results: Vertical ion drift statistics
    • Yeh, H. C., S.-Y. Su, R. A. Heelis, and J. M. Wu (1999), The ROCSAT-1 IPEI preliminary results: Vertical ion drift statistics, Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 10, 805-820.
    • (1999) Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 805-820
    • Yeh, H.C.1    Su, S.-Y.2    Heelis, R.A.3    Wu, J.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.