Germplasm cryobanking in zebrafish and other aquarium model species

Zebrafish

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 281-293

  Robles, Vanesa ^a   Cabrita, Elsa ^b   Paz Herraez M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEÓN   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS DE ANDALUCÍA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CRYOPRESERVATION; FISH; GERM CELL; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; ZEBRA FISH;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMEN BANKS; CRYOPRESERVATION; FISHES; GERM CELLS; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; ZEBRAFISH;

DANIO RERIO;

EID: 70349334042     PISSN: 15458547     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2009.0592     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Meng X, Noyes MB, Zhu LJ, Lawson ND, Wolfe SA. Targeted gene inactivation in zebrafish using engineered zinc-finger nucleases. Nat Biotechnol 2008;26:695-701
2. Doyon Y, McCammon JM, Miller JC, Faraji F, Ngo C, Katibah GE, et al. Heritable targeted gene disruption in zebrafish using designed zinc-finger nucleases. Nat Bio-technol 2008;26:702-708
3. Woods IG, Schier AF. Targeted mutagenesis in zebrafish. Nat Biotechnol 2008;26:650-651
4. Stoss J, Hoar WS, Randall DJ, Donaldson EM. Fish Gamete Preservation and Spermatozoan Physiology, Fish Physiology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1983, pp. 305-350
5. Martinez-Pastor F, Adams SL. Cryobiological material and handling procedures. In: Methods in Reproductive Aqua-culture: Marine and Freshwater Species. Cabrita E, Robles V, Herraez MP (eds.). Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2008, pp. 295-319
6. Dahm R, Geisler R. Learning from small fry: the zebrafish as a genetic model organism for aquaculture fish species. Mar Biotechnol 2006;8:329-345
7. Lawrence C. The husbandry of zebrafish (Danio rerio): a review. Aquaculture 2007;269:1-20
8. Poleo GA, Denniston RS, Reggio BC, Godke RA, Tiersch TR. Fertilization of eggs of zebrafish, Danio rerio, by in-tracytoplasmic sperm injection. Biol Reprod 2001;65:961-966
9. Brand M, Granato M, Nüsslein-Volhard C. Keeping and raising zebrafish. In: Zebrafish: A Practical Approach. Nüsslein-Volhard C, Dahm R (eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002, pp. 7-37
10. Harvey B, Kelley RN, Ashwood-Smith MJ. Cryopreserva-tion of zebra fish spermatozoa using methanol. Can J Zool 1982;60:1867-1870
11. Morris JP, Berghmans S, Zahrieh D, Neuberg DS, Kanki JP, Look AT. Zebrafish sperm cryopreservation with N, N-dimethylacetamide. Biotechiniques 2003;35:956-968
12. Draper BW, McCallum CM, Scout JL, Slade AJ, Moens CB. A high throughput method for identifying N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced point mutations in zebrafish. In: The Zebrafish Genomics, and Informatics, Methods in Cell Biology. Detrich HW III, Westerfield M, Zon LI (eds.). Elsevier Press, San Diego, 2004, pp. 91-112
13. Yang H, Carmichael C, Varga ZM, Tiersch TR. Development of a simplified and standardized protocol with potential for high-throughput for sperm cryopreservation in zebrafish Danio rerio. Theriogenology 2007;68:128-136
14. Morris JP, Hagen A, Kanki JP. Zebrafish sperm cryopres-ervation with N,N-dimethylacetilamida. In: Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture: Marine and Freshwater Species. Cabrita E, Robles V, Herraez MP (eds.). Taylor and Francis group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2008, pp. 329-337
15. Westerfield M. The Zebrafish Book: A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish Danio rerio. The University of Oregon Press, Eugene, OR, 1995
16. Ozato K, Wakamatsu Y. Developmental genetics of me-daka. Dev Growth Differ 1994;36:437-443
17. Ishikawa Y, Hyodo-Taguchi Y. Heritable malformations in the progeny of the male medaka (Oryzias latipes) irradiated with X-rays. Mutat Res 2007;389:149-155
18. Ishikawa Y, Hyodo-Taguchi Y. Recessive lethal mutants of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) maintained in the Division of Biology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Fish Biol J Medaka 1995;7:47-48
19. Egami N, Yamagami K, Shima A. Biology of the Medaka. Tokyo University Press, Tokyo, 1990
20. Kimmel CB, Hatta K, Eisen JS. Genetic control of primary neuronal development in zebrafish. Development 1991;2: 47-57
21. Tomita H. The lists of the mutants and strains of the me-daka, common gambusia, silver crucian carp, goldfish, and golden venus fish maintained in the Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Nagoya University. Fish Biol J Medaka 1992;4:45-47
22. Kobayashi H. A preliminary report on the cryopreservation of medaka sperms. Dobutsugaku Zasshi 1966;75:319
23. Krone A, Wittbrodt J. A simple and reliable protocol for cryopreservation of medaka (Oryzias latipes) spermatozoa. Fish Biol J Medaka 1998;9:47-48
24. Aoki K, Okamoto M, Tatsumi K, Ishikawa Y. Cryopreser-vation of medaka spermatozoa. Zool Sci 1997;14:641-644
25. Sasado T, Kota Y, Furutani-Seiki M, Kondoh H. 2005. Cryo-preservation of medaka sperm. In the online Medaka Book (www.shigen.nig.ac.jp=medaka=medakabook)
26. Gwo J-C. Methods for sperm collection. In: Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture: Marine and Freshwater Species. Cabrita E, Robles V, Herraez MP (eds.). Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2008, pp. 81-93
27. Yang H, Tiersch TR. Current status of sperm cryopreser-vation in biomedical research fish models: zebrafish, me-daka and Xiphophorus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009;149:224-232
28. Jing R, Huang C, Bai C, Tanguay R, Dong Q. Optimization of activation, collection, dilution, and storage methods for zebrafish sperm. Aquaculture 2007;290:165-171
29. Robles V, Cabrita E, Cuñado S, Herraez MP. Sperm cryo-preservation of sex-reversed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): parameters that affect its ability for freezing. Aquaculture 2003;224:212-220
30. Wilson-Leedy JG, Ingermann RL. Development of a novel CASA system based on open source software for characterization of zebrafish sperm motility parameters. Ther-iogenology 2007;67:661-672
31. Wilson-Leedy JG, Kanuga MK, Ingermann RL. Influence of osmolality and ions on the activation and characteristics of zebrafish sperm motility. Theriogenology 2009;71:1054-1062
32. Takai H, Morisawa M. Change in intracellular K +con-concentration caused by external osmolality change regulates sperm motility of marine and freshwater teleosts. J Cell Sci 1995;108:1175-1181
33. Ransom DG, Zon LI. Collection, storage and use of zebrafish sperm. In: The Zebrafish: Genetics and Genomics. Detrich HW, Westerfield M, Zon LI (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA (Methods Cell Biol 1999;60:365-372 [Review])
34. Cabrita E, Robles V, Herráez MP. Sperm quality assessment. In: Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture: Marine and Freshwater Species. Cabrita E, Robles V, Herraez MP (eds.). Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2008, pp. 93-149
35. Whittingham DG, Leibo SP, Mazor P. Survival of mouse embryos frozen to 1968C and 2698C. Science 1972;178: 411-414
36. Wilmut I, Rowson IEA. Experiments on the low temperature preservation of cow embryos. Vet Rec 1973;92:686-690
37. Rall WF. Advances in the cryopreservation of embryos and prospects for the application to the conservation of sal-monid fishes. In: Genetic Conservation of Salmonid Fishes. Cloud JG, Thorgaard GH (eds.). Plenum Press, New York, 1992, pp. 137-158
38. Trounsen A, Mohr L. Human pregnancy following cryo-preservation, thawing and transfer of an eight-cell embryo. Nature 1983;305:707-709
39. Dobrinsky JR, Pursel VG, Long CR, Johnson LA. Birth of piglets after transfer of embryos cryopreserved by cyto-skeletal stabilisation and vitrification. Biol Reprod 2000;62: 564-570
40. Nguyen BX, Sotomaru Y, Tani T, Kato Y, Tsunoda Y. Ef-ficient cryopreservation of bovine blastocysts derived from nuclear transfer with somatic cells using partial dehydration and vitrification. Theriogenology 2000;53:1439-1448
41. Ushijima H, Yamakawa H, Nashjima H. Cryopreservation of bovine pre-morula stage in vitro matured=in vivo fertilized embryos after delipidation and before use in nucleus transfer. Biol Reprod 1999;60:534-539
42. Han YM, Kim SH, Park JS, Park IY, Kand YK, Lee CS, et al. Blastocyst viability and generation of transgenic cattle following freezing of in vitro produced, DNA-inected embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2000;63:53-63
43. Hagedorn M, Hsu E, Kleinhans FW, Wildt DE. New approaches for studying the permeability of fish embryos: toward successful cryopreservation. Cryobiology 1997;34: 335-347
44. Zhang T, Liu XH, Rawson DM. Effects of methanol and developmental arrest on chilling injury in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Theriogenology 2003;59:1545-1556
45. Hagedorn M, Kleinhans FW, Wildt DE, Rall WF. Chill sensitivity and cryoprotectant permeability of dechorionated zebrafish embryos, Brachydanio rerio. Cryobiology 1997;34: 251-263
46. Zhang T, Rawson DM. Studies on chilling sensitivity of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos. Cryobiology 1995;32: 239-246
47. Sasaki K, Kurokura H, Kasahara S. Changes in low temperature tolerance of the eggs of certain marine fish during embryonic development. Comp Biochem Physiol 1988;91A: 183-187
48. Valdez DM, Miyamoto A, Hara T, Edashige K, Kasai M. Sensitivity to chilling of medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos at various developmental stages. Theriogenology 2005;64: 112-122
49. Liu XH, Zhang T, Rawson DM. Effect of cooling rate and partial removal of yolk on the chilling injury in zebrafish embryos. Theriogenology 2001;55:1719-1731
50. Liu XH, Zhang T, Rawson DM. The effect of partial removal of yolk on the chilling sensitivity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Cryobiology 1999;39:236-242
51. Robles V, Barbosa V, Herráez MP, Matínez Páramo S, Cancela L. The antifreeze protein type I (AFPI) increases seabream (Sparus aurata) embryos tolerance to low temperatures. Theriogenology 2007;68:284-289
52. Martínez-Páramo S, Barbosa V, Pérez-Cerezales S, Robles V, Herráez MP. Cryoprotective effects of antifreeze proteins delivered into zebrafish embryos. Cryobiology 2009;58:128-133
53. Mazur P, Cole KW, Hall PD, Schreuders PD, Mahowald JW. Cryobiological preservation of Drosophila embryo. Science 1992;258:1932-1935
54. Nagashima H, Kashiwazaki N, Ashman RJ, Grupen CG, Seamark RF, Nottle MB. Removal of cytoplasmic lipid enhances the tolerance of porcine embryos to chilling. Biol Reprod 1994;51:618-622
55. Nagashima H, Kashiwazaki N, Ashman RJ, Grupen CG, Nottle MB. Cryopreservation of porcine embryos. Nature 1995;374:461
56. Kalicharan D, Jongebloed WL, Rawson DM, Zhang TT. Variation in fixation techniques for field emission SEM and TEM of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryo inner and outer membranes. J Electron Microsc 1998;47:645-658
57. Rawson DM, Zhang T, Kalicharan D, Jongebloed WL. FE-SEM and TEM studies of the chorion, plasma membrane and syncytial layers of the gastrula stage embryo of the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio): a consideration of the structural and functional relationship with respect to cryopro-tectant penetration. Aquac Res 2000;31:325-336
58. Zhang T, Rawson DM. Permeability of the vitelline membrane of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos to methanol and propane-1,2-diol. Cryo Lett 1996;17:273-280
59. Zhang T, Rawson DM. Permeability of dechorionated one-cell and six-somite zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos to water and methanol. Cryobiology 1998;37:13-21
60. Adams SL, Zhang T, Rawson DM. The effect of external medium composition on membrane water permeability of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Theriogenology 2005;64: 1591-1602
61. Cabrita E, Robles V, Chereguini O, de Paz P, Anel L, Herráez MP. Dimethyl sulfoxide influx in turbot embryos exposed to a vitrification protocol. Theriogenology 2003;60:463-473
62. Cabrita E, Chereguini O, Luna M, de Paz P, Herráez MP. Effect of different treatments on the chorion permeability to DMSO of turbot embryos (Scophtalmus maximus). Aqua-culture 2003b;221:593-604
63. Suzuki T, Komada H, Takai R, Arii K, Kozima TT. Relation between toxicity of cryoprotectant DMSO and its concentration in several fish embryos. Fisheries Sci 1995;61: 193-197
64. Zhang T, Wang RY, Bao QY, Rawson DM. Development of a new rapid measurement technique for fish embryo membrane permeability studies using impedance spectroscopy. Theriogenology 2006;66:982-988
65. Hagedorn M, Kleinhans FW, Freitas R, Liu J, Hsu EW, Wildt DE, Rall WF. Water distribution and permeability of zebrafish embryos, Brachydanio rerio. J Exp Zool 1997;278: 356-371
66. Lin TT, Pitt RE, Steponkus PL. Osmometric behavior of Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Cryobiology 1989;26:453-471.
67. Harvey B, Kelley RN, Ashwood-Smith MJ. Permeability of intact and dechorionated zebrafish embryos to glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Cryobiology 1983;20:432-439
68. Lubzens E, Amos A, Magnus Y. Steps towards cryopreser-vation of Japanese ornamental carp embryos to low temperature and permeation of 3H dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Aquaculture 1998
69. Hagedorn M, Kleinhans FW. Problems and prospects in cryo-preservation of fish embryos. In: Cryopreservation of Aquatic Species. Tiersch TR, Mazik PM (eds.). The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2000, pp 161-178
70. Hagedorn M, Hsu EW, Pilatus U, Wildt DE, Rali WF, Blackband SJ. Magnetic resonance microscopy and spectroscopy reveal kinetics of cryoprotectant permeation in a multicompartmental biological system. PNAS USA 1996; 93:7454-7459
71. Robles V, Cabrita E, Anel L, Herráez MP. Microinjection of the antifreeze protein type III (AFPIII) in turbot (Scoph-thalmus maximus) embryos: toxicity and protein distribution. Aquaculture 2006;261:1299-1306
72. Bart AN. New approaches in cryopreservation of fish embryos. In: Cryopreservation of Aquatic Species. Tiersch TR, Mazik PM (eds.). The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2000, pp. 179-187
73. Wang RY, Guan M, Rawson DM, Zhang T. Ultrasound enhanced methanol penetration of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos measured by permittivity changes using impedance spectroscopy. Biophys Lett 2008;37:1039-1044
74. Janik M, Kleinhans FW, Hagedorn M. Overcoming a permeability barrier by microinjecting cryoprotectants into zebrafish embryos (Brachydanio rerio). Cryobiology 2000;41: 25-34
75. Hagedorn M, Lance SL, Fonseca DM, Kleinhans FW, Artimov D, Fleischer R, et al. Altering fish embryos with aquaporin-3: an essential step toward successful cryopres-ervation. Biol Reprod 2002;67:961-966
76. Lance SL, Peterson AS, Hagedorn M. Developmental expression of aquaporin-3 in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol 2004;138:251-258
77. Valdez DM, Hara T, Miyamoto A, Seki S, Jin B, Kasai M, Edashige K. Expression of aquaporin-3 improves the permeability to water and cryoprotectants of immature oo-cytes in the medaka (Oryzias latipes). Cryobiology 2006;53: 160-168
78. Kohli V, Robles V, Cancela ML, Acker JP, Waskiewicz AJ, Elezzabi AY. An alternative method for delivering exogenous material into developing zebrafish embryos. Bio-technol Bioeng 2007;98:1230-1241
79. Kohli V, Acker JP, Elezzabi AY. Reversible permeabilization using high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses: applications to biopreservation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005;92:889-899
80. Robles V, Cabrita E, Herraez MP. Cryopreservation of fish embryos: what we know until now? In: Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture: Marine and Freshwater Species. Cabrita E, Robles V, Herraez MP (eds.). CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, 2008, pp. 265-294
81. Robles V, Cabrita E, Kohli V, Herráez MP. Prospects and development in fish sperm and embryo cryopreservation. In: Aquaculture Research Progress. Nakamura TK (ed.). Nova Science Publishers, NY, 2008, pp. 197-210
82. Liu XH, Zhang T, Rawson DM. Feasibility of vitrification of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using methanol. Cryo Letters 1998;19:309-318
83. Zhang T, Rawson DM. Feasibility studies on vitrification of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos. Cryobiology 1996;33: 1-13
84. Lahnsteiner F. The effect of internal and external cryopro-tectants on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Theriogenology 2007;69:384-396
85. Robles V, Cabrita E, Fletcher GL, Shears MA, King MJ, Herraez MP. Vitrification assays with embryos from a cold tolerant sub-arctic fish species. Theriogenology 2005;64: 1633-1646
86. Young HM, Fletcher GL. Antifreeze protein gene expression in winter flounder pre-hatch embryos: implications for cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2008;57:84-90
87. Martínez-Páramo S, Pérez-Cerezales S, Robles V, Anel L, Herráez MP. Incorporation of antifreeze proteins into zeb-rafish embryos by a non-invasive method. Cryobiology 2008;56:216-222
88. Zhang XS, Zhao L, Hua TC, Chen XH, Zhu HY. A study on the cryopreservation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos. Cryo Lett 1989;10:271-278
89. Gwo JC. Cryopreservation of eggs and embryos from aquatic organisms. In: Cryopreservation of Aquatic Species. Tiersch TR, Mazik PM (eds.). The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2000, pp. 211-229
90. Chao NH, Liao IC. Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos. Aquaculture 2001;197:161-169
91. Fahy GM, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA, Meryman HT. Vi-trification as approach to cryopreservation. Cryobiology 1984;21:407-426
92. Hagedorn M, Peterson A, Mazur P, Kleinhans FW. High ice nucleation temperature of zebrafish embryos: slow-freezing is not an option. Cryobiology 2004;49:181-189
93. Robles V, Cabrita E, de Paz P, Cuñado S, Anel L, Herráez MP. Effect of a vitrification protocol on the lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the hatching rates in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) embryos. Theriogenology 2004;61:1367-1379
94. Robles V, Cabrita E, Real M, Alvarez R, Herraez MP. Vi-trification of turbot embryos: preliminary assays. Cryobiology 2003;47:30-39
95. Yeh Y, Feeney RE. Antifreeze proteins: structures and mechanism of function. Chem Rev 1996;96:601-618
96. Campos-Chillon LF, Suh TK, Barcelo-Fimbres M, Seidel GE Jr., Carnevale EM. Vitrification of early-stage bovine and equine embryos. Theriogenology 2009;71:349-354
97. Kim TJ, Laufer LR, Hong SW. Vitrification of oocytes produces high pregnancy rates when carried out in fertile women. Fertil Steril (in press)
98. Zhang T, Rawson DM, Tosti L, Carnevali O. Cathepsin activities and membrane integrity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes after freezing to 1968C using controlled slow cooling. Cryobiology 2008;56:138-143
99. Seki S, Kouya T, Valdez JDM, Jin B, Hara T, Saida N, et al. The permeability to water and cryoprotectants of immature and mature oocytes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Cryobiology 2007;54:121-124
100. Lubzens E, Zhang T. Cryopreservation of fish oocytes. In: Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture, Marine and Freshwater Species. Cabrita E, Robles V, Herráez MP (eds.). CRC press, Boca Raton, FL, 2008, pp. 251-263
101. Wallace RA, Selman K. Cellular and dynamic aspects of oocyte growth in teleosts. Amer Zool 1981;21:325-343
102. Isayeva A, Zhang T, Rawson DM. Studies on chilling sensitivity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes. Cryobiology 2004; 49:114-122 (Pubitemid 39194674)
103. Tsai S, Rawson DM, Zhang T. Studies on chilling sensitivity of early stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovarian follicles. Cryobiology 2009;58:279-286
104. Songsasen N, Yu I-J, Ratterree MS, VandeVoort CA, Leibo SP. Effect of chilling on the organization of tubulin and chromosomes in rhesus monkey oocytes. Fertil Steril 2002; 77:818-825
105. Valdez JDM, Miyamoto A, Hara T, Seki S, Kasai M, Eda-shige K. Water- and cryoprotectant-permeability of mature and immature oocytes in the medaka (Oryzias latipes). Cryobiology 2005;50:93-102
106. Plachinta M, Zhang T, Rawson DM. Studies on cryopro-tectant toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes. Cryo Lett 2004;25:415-424 (Pubitemid 40059601)
107. Guan M, Rawson DM, Zhang T. Cryopreservation of zeb-rafish (Danio rerio) oocytes using improved controlled slow cooling protocols. Cryobiology 2008;56:204-208
108. Tsai S, Rawson DM, Zhang T. Development of cryopres-ervation protocols for early stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovarian follicles using controlled slow cooling. Ther-iogenology 2009;71:1226-1233
109. Harvey B. Cooling of embryonic cells, isolated blastoderms, and intact embryos of the zebra fish Brachydanio rerio to 1968C. Cryobiology 1983;20:440-447
110. Strüssmann CA, Nakatsugawa H, Takashima F, Hasobe M, Suzuki T, Takai R. Cryopreservation of isolated fish blas-tomeres: effects of cell stage, cryoprotectant concentration, and cooling rate on postthawing survival. Cryobiology 1999;39:252-261
111. Kopeika J, Zhang T, Rawson DM, Elgar G. Effect of cryo-preservation on mitochondrial DNA of zebrafish (Danio rerio) blastomere cells. Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 2005;570:49-61
112. Lin C-H, Zhang T, Rawson DM. Cryopreservation of zeb-rafish (Danio rerio) blastomeres by controlled slow cooling. Cryo Lett 2009;30:132-141
113. Lin S, Long W, Chen J, Hopkins N. Production of germ-line chimeras in zebrafish by cell transplants from genetically pigmented to albino embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:4519-4523
114. Kobayashi T, Takeuchi Y, Takeuchi T, Yoshizaki G. Generation of viable fish from cryopreserved primordial germ cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2007;74:207-213
115. Saito T, Goto-Kazeto R, Arai K, Yamaha E. Xenogenesis in teleost fish through generation of germ-line chimeras by single primordial germ cell transplantation. Biol Reprod 2008;78:159-166
116. Fan L, Collodi P, Irina Klimanskaya, Robert L. Zebrafish Embryonic Stem Cells, Methods in Enzymology, Vol.418. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2006, pp. 64-77
117. Fan L, Moon J, Wong T-T, Crodian J, Collodi P. Zebrafish primordial germ cell cultures derived from vasa::RFP transgenic embryos. Stem Cells Dev 2008;17:585-597