메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 115, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 74-128

Murder by structure: dominance relations and the social structure of gang homicide1

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CRIME; ETHNIC GROUP; GROUP PROCESS; HISPANIC; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 70349313396     PISSN: 00029602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/597791     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (374)

References (116)
  • 2
    • 0034339207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Honor, status, and aggression in economic exchange."
    • Baxter, Vern, and A. V. Margavio. 2000. "Honor, Status, and Aggression in Economic Exchange." Sociological Theory 18:399-416.
    • (2000) Sociological Theory , vol.18 , pp. 399-416
    • Baxter, V.1    Margavio, A.V.2
  • 3
    • 7044264926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Chains of affection: the structure of adolescent social networks."
    • Bearman, Peter S., James Moody, and Katherine Stovel. 2004. "Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Social Networks." American Journal of Sociology 110: 44-91.
    • (2004) American Journal of Sociology , vol.110 , pp. 44-91
    • Bearman, P.S.1    Moody, J.2    Stovel, K.3
  • 4
    • 84925982533 scopus 로고
    • "Crime as social control."
    • Black, Donald. 1983. "Crime as Social Control." American Sociological Review 48: 34-45.
    • (1983) American Sociological Review , vol.48 , pp. 34-45
    • Black, D.1
  • 6
    • 0003487848 scopus 로고
    • 1860-1960: A Study of Violent Peasant Entrepreneurs. New York: Harper & Row.
    • Blok, Anton. 1974. The Mafia of a Sicilian Village, 1860-1960: A Study of Violent Peasant Entrepreneurs. New York: Harper & Row.
    • (1974) The Mafia of A Sicilian Village
    • Blok, A.1
  • 7
    • 0007117621 scopus 로고
    • "The sentiment of honor in kabyle society."
    • edited by John Peristiany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Bourdieu, Pierre. 1966. "The Sentiment of Honor in Kabyle Society." Pp. 191-241 in Honor and Shame: The Values of Mediterranean Society, edited by John Peristiany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1966) Honor and Shame: the Values of Mediterranean Society , pp. 191-241
    • Bourdieu, P.1
  • 10
    • 84936628790 scopus 로고
    • "Social contagion and innovation: cohesion versus structural equivalence."
    • Burt, Ronald S. 1987. "Social Contagion and Innovation: Cohesion versus Structural Equivalence." American Journal of Sociology 92:1287-1335.
    • (1987) American Journal of Sociology , vol.92 , pp. 1287-1335
    • Burt, R.S.1
  • 11
    • 84925920452 scopus 로고
    • "Social process and hierarchy formation in small groups: a comparative perspective."
    • Chase, Ivan D. 1980. "Social Process and Hierarchy Formation in Small Groups: A Comparative Perspective." American Sociological Review 45:905-924
    • (1980) American Sociological Review , vol.45 , pp. 905-924
    • Chase, I.D.1
  • 12
    • 0009416633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Diffusion in homicide: exploring a general method for detecting spatial diffusion processes."
    • Cohen, Jacqueline, and George Tita. 1999. "Diffusion in Homicide: Exploring a General Method for Detecting Spatial Diffusion Processes." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 15:451-493
    • (1999) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.15 , pp. 451-493
    • Cohen, J.1    Tita, G.2
  • 14
    • 0347137606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Collective and normative features of gang violence."
    • Decker, Scott H. 1996. "Collective and Normative Features of Gang Violence." Justice Quarterly 13:243-264
    • (1996) Justice Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 243-264
    • Decker, S.H.1
  • 15
    • 0034311781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Addressing key features of gang membership."
    • Decker, Scott H., and G. David Curry. 2000. "Addressing Key Features of Gang Membership." Journal of Criminal Justice 28:473-483
    • (2000) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.28 , pp. 473-483
    • Decker, S.H.1    Curry, D.G.2
  • 16
    • 0036274970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gangs, gang homicides, and gang loyalty: organized crime or disorganized criminals."
    • -. 2002. "Gangs, Gang Homicides, and Gang Loyalty: Organized Crime or Disorganized Criminals." Journal of Criminal Justice 30:343-352
    • (2002) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.30 , pp. 343-352
  • 18
    • 0007267102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Collective violence as social control."
    • de la Roche, Roberta Senechal. 1996. "Collective Violence as Social Control." Sociological Forum 11:97-128.
    • (1996) Sociological Forum , vol.11 , pp. 97-128
    • De La Roche, R.S.1
  • 19
    • 15444355573 scopus 로고
    • "Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban youth."
    • Esbensen, Finn-Aage, and David Huizinga. 1993. "Gangs, Drugs, and Delinquency in a Survey of Urban Youth." Criminology 31:565-589
    • (1993) Criminology , vol.31 , pp. 565-589
    • Esbensen, F.A.1    Huizinga, D.2
  • 20
    • 0001022586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Guns, youth violence, and social identity in inner cities."
    • edited by Michael Tonry and Mark H. Moore. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, edited by Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Fagan, Jeffrey, and Deanna L. Wilkinson. 1998. "Guns, Youth Violence, and Social Identity in Inner Cities." Pp. 105-88 in Youth Violence, edited by Michael Tonry and Mark H. Moore. Vol.24 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, edited by Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1998) Youth Violence , vol.24 , pp. 105-188
    • Fagan, J.1    Wilkinson, D.L.2
  • 21
    • 59349102155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Social contagion of violence."
    • Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    • Fagan, Jeffrey, Deanna L. Wilkinson, and Garth Davies. 2000. "Social Contagion of Violence." Pp. 688-723 in Urban Seminar Series on Children's Health and Safety. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    • (2000) Urban Seminar Series on Children's Health and Safety. , pp. 688-723
    • Fagan, J.1    Wilkinson, D.L.2    Davies, G.3
  • 22
    • 70349361273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Crime in america: uniform crime reports." Washington, d.c: department of justice
    • Federal Bureau of Investigation.
    • Federal Bureau of Investigation. Selected years. "Crime in America: Uniform Crime Reports." Washington, D.C: Department of Justice.
    • Selected Years.
  • 23
    • 3242664922 scopus 로고
    • "An interactionist approach to aggression."
    • edited by James T Tedeschi. New York: Academic Press.
    • Felson, Richard B. 1981. "An Interactionist Approach to Aggression." Pp. 181-99 in Impression Management: Theory and Social Psychological Research, edited by James T Tedeschi. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1981) Impression Management: Theory and Social Psychological Research , pp. 181-199
    • Felson, R.B.1
  • 24
    • 0020443029 scopus 로고
    • "Impression management and the escalation of aggression and violence."
    • -. 1982. "Impression Management and the Escalation of Aggression and Violence." Social Psychology Quarterly 45:245-254
    • (1982) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.45 , pp. 245-254
  • 25
    • 21644470804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fieldwork research and social network analysis: different methods creating complementary perspectives
    • DOI 10.1177/1043986204273436, Why Study Youth Gangs
    • Fleisher, Mark S. 2005. "Fieldwork Research and Social Network Analysis: Different Methods Creating Complementary Perspectives." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 21:120-134 (Pubitemid 40677674)
    • (2005) JOURNAL of CONTEMPORARY CRIMINAL JUSTICE , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 120-134
    • Fleisher, M.S.1
  • 26
    • 0004058275 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
    • Gambetta, Diego. 1993. The Sicilian Mafia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
    • (1993) The Sicilian Mafia.
    • Gambetta, D.1
  • 30
    • 0032814762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Collective violence and group solidarity: evidence from a feuding society."
    • Gould, Roger V. 1999. "Collective Violence and Group Solidarity: Evidence from a Feuding Society." American Sociological Review 64:356-380
    • (1999) American Sociological Review , vol.64 , pp. 356-380
    • Gould, R.V.1
  • 31
    • 0033695469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Revenge as sanction and solidarity display: an analysis of vendettas in nineteenth-century corsica."
    • -. 2000. "Revenge as Sanction and Solidarity Display: An Analysis of Vendettas in Nineteenth-Century Corsica." American Sociological Review 65:682-704.
    • (2000) American Sociological Review , vol.65 , pp. 682-704
  • 34
    • 0347774959 scopus 로고
    • "The nose, the lie, and the duel in antebellum south."
    • Greenberg, Kenneth. 1990. "The Nose, the Lie, and the Duel in Antebellum South." American Historical Review 95:57-74.
    • (1990) American Historical Review , vol.95 , pp. 57-74
    • Greenberg, K.1
  • 36
    • 84946651784 scopus 로고
    • "Attitudes and cognitive organization."
    • Heider, F. 1946. "Attitudes and Cognitive Organization." Journal of Psychology 21: 107-112
    • (1946) Journal of Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 107-112
    • Heider, F.1
  • 37
    • 84970096342 scopus 로고
    • "Transitivity in structural models of small groups."
    • Holland, R W., and S. Leinhardt. 1971. "Transitivity in Structural Models of Small Groups." Comparative Group Studies 2:107-124
    • (1971) Comparative Group Studies , vol.2 , pp. 107-124
    • Holland, R.W.1    Leinhardt, S.2
  • 39
    • 84925887123 scopus 로고
    • "Honor, normative ambiguity and gang violence."
    • Horowitz, Ruth, and Gary Schwartz. 1974. "Honor, Normative Ambiguity and Gang Violence." American Sociological Review 39:238-251
    • (1974) American Sociological Review , vol.39 , pp. 238-251
    • Horowitz, R.1    Schwartz, G.2
  • 40
    • 22644450125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Youth gang homicides: a literature review."
    • Howell, James C. 1999. "Youth Gang Homicides: A Literature Review." Crime and Delinquency 45:208-241
    • (1999) Crime and Delinquency , vol.45 , pp. 208-241
    • Howell, J.C.1
  • 41
    • 70349355116 scopus 로고
    • "The study of ethnic relations."
    • edited by Lewis Coser. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Hughes, Everett C. (1948) 1991. "The Study of Ethnic Relations." Pp. 91-96 in Everett C. Hughes: On Work, Race, and the Sociological Imagination, edited by Lewis Coser. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1948) Everett C. Hughes: on Work, Race, and the Sociological Imagination , pp. 91-96
    • Hughes, E.C.1
  • 42
    • 15844396188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Disputes involving youth street gang members: micro-social contexts."
    • Hughes, Lorine A., and James F. Short. 2005. "Disputes Involving Youth Street Gang Members: Micro-social Contexts." Criminology 43:43-76.
    • (2005) Criminology , vol.43 , pp. 43-76
    • Hughes, L.A.1    Short, J.F.2
  • 45
    • 3342883694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A typology of street criminal retaliation."
    • -. 2004. "A Typology of Street Criminal Retaliation." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 41:295-323.
    • (2004) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.41 , pp. 295-323
  • 46
    • 0345911693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Stick-up, street culture, and offender motivation."
    • Jacobs, Bruce A., and Richard Wright. 1999. "Stick-up, Street Culture, and Offender Motivation." Criminology 37:149-173
    • (1999) Criminology , vol.37 , pp. 149-173
    • Jacobs, B.A.1    Wright, R.2
  • 50
    • 70349370357 scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
    • Jones, George Fenwick. 1959. Honor in German Literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
    • (1959) Honor in German Literature.
    • Jones, G.F.1
  • 53
    • 0002062917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The (un)known universe: mapping gangs and gang violence in boston."
    • edited by David Weisburd and Tom McEwen. Monsey, N.Y: Criminal Justice Press.
    • Kennedy, D. M., Anthony A. Braga, and Anne M. Piehl. 1997. "The (Un)Known Universe: Mapping Gangs and Gang Violence in Boston." Pp. 219-37 in Crime Mapping and Crime Prevention, edited by David Weisburd and Tom McEwen. Monsey, N.Y: Criminal Justice Press.
    • (1997) Crime Mapping and Crime Prevention
    • Kennedy, D.M.1    Braga, A.A.2    Piehl, A.M.3
  • 54
    • 33746147110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Examining the divergence across self-report and official data sources on inferences about the adolescent life course of crime."
    • Kirk, David S. 2006. "Examining the Divergence across Self-Report and Official Data Sources on Inferences about the Adolescent Life Course of Crime." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 22:107-129
    • (2006) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.22 , pp. 107-129
    • Kirk, D.S.1
  • 60
    • 0000871241 scopus 로고
    • "QAP partialling as a test of spuriousness."
    • Krackhardt, David. 1987. "QAP Partialling as a Test of Spuriousness." Social Networks 9:171-186
    • (1987) Social Networks , vol.9 , pp. 171-186
    • Krackhardt, D.1
  • 61
    • 0037841793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Retaliatory homicide: concentrated disadvantage and neighborhood culture."
    • Kubrin, Charis E., and Ronald Weitzer. 2003. "Retaliatory Homicide: Concentrated Disadvantage and Neighborhood Culture." Social Problems 50:157-180
    • (2003) Social Problems , vol.50 , pp. 157-180
    • Kubrin, C.E.1    Weitzer, R.2
  • 62
    • 0032896471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Racial/Ethnic group differences in the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the united states: a network explanation."
    • Laumann, Edward O., and Yoosik Youm. 1999. "Racial/Ethnic Group Differences in the Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States: A Network Explanation." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 26:250-261
    • (1999) Sexually Transmitted Diseases , vol.26 , pp. 250-261
    • Laumann, E.O.1    Youm, Y.2
  • 63
    • 0036173585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Modeling social influence through network autocorrelation: constructing the weight matrix."
    • Leenders, Roger Th. A. J. 2002. "Modeling Social Influence through Network Autocorrelation: Constructing the Weight Matrix." Social Networks 24:21-47.
    • (2002) Social Networks , vol.24 , pp. 21-47
  • 64
    • 0040362711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "An Economic Analysis of a DrugSelling Gang's Finances."
    • Levitt, Steven, and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh. 2000. "An Economic Analysis of a DrugSelling Gang's Finances." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115:755-789
    • (2000) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.115 , pp. 755-789
    • Levitt, S.1    Venkatesh, S.A.2
  • 66
    • 84925905287 scopus 로고
    • "Criminal homicide as a situated transaction."
    • Luckenbill, David F. 1977. "Criminal Homicide as a Situated Transaction." Social Problems 25:176-186
    • (1977) Social Problems , vol.25 , pp. 176-186
    • Luckenbill, D.F.1
  • 67
    • 84876974196 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
    • MacAleer, Kevin. 1994. Dueling. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
    • (1994) Dueling.
    • MacAleer, K.1
  • 68
    • 0002400908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gang homicide: a review and extension of the literature."
    • edited by M. Dwayne Smith and Margaret A. Zahn. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
    • Maxson, Cheryl. 1999. "Gang Homicide: A Review and Extension of the Literature." Pp. 239-55 in Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research, edited by M. Dwayne Smith and Margaret A. Zahn. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
    • (1999) Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research , pp. 239-255
    • Maxson, C.1
  • 69
    • 0001714812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Defining gang homicide: an updated look at member and motive based approaches."
    • Edited by C. Ronald Huff. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
    • Maxson, Cheryl, and Malcolm W. Klein. 1996. "Defining Gang Homicide: An Updated Look at Member and Motive Based Approaches." Pp. 3-19 in Gangs in America, 2d ed. Edited by C. Ronald Huff. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
    • (1996) Gangs in America, 2d Ed.
    • Maxson, C.1    Klein, M.W.2
  • 70
    • 84921391119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "'Play groups' no longer: urban street gangs in the los angeles region."
    • edited by Michael J. Dear. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
    • -. 2001. "'Play Groups' No Longer: Urban Street Gangs in the Los Angeles Region." Pp. 235-66 in From Chicago to L.A.: Making Sense of Urban Theory, edited by Michael J. Dear. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
    • (2001) From Chicago to L.A.: Making Sense of Urban Theory
  • 71
    • 0015675546 scopus 로고
    • "A cross-species comparison of status in small established groups."
    • Mazur, A. 1973a. "A Cross-Species Comparison of Status in Small Established Groups." American Sociological Review 28:513-530
    • (1973) American Sociological Review , vol.28 , pp. 513-530
    • Mazur, A.1
  • 72
    • 0015631506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Increased tendency towards balance during stressful conflict."
    • -. 19736. "Increased Tendency towards Balance during Stressful Conflict." Sociometry 2:279-283
    • Sociometry , vol.2 , pp. 279-283
  • 73
    • 85050417260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Policy intervention considerations of a network analysis of street gangs."
    • McGloin, Jean Marie. 2005. "Policy Intervention Considerations of a Network Analysis of Street Gangs." Criminology and Public Policy 4:607-636
    • (2005) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.4 , pp. 607-636
    • McGloin, J.M.1
  • 75
    • 0001665596 scopus 로고
    • "Lower class culture as a generating milieu of gang delinquency."
    • Miller, Walter B. 1958. "Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency." Journal of Social Issues 14:5-19.
    • (1958) Journal of Social Issues , vol.14 , pp. 5-19
    • Miller, W.B.1
  • 76
    • 84936628327 scopus 로고
    • "Similarity of political behavior among large american corporations."
    • Mizruchi, Mark S. 1989. "Similarity of Political Behavior among Large American Corporations." American Journal of Sociology 95:401-424
    • (1989) American Journal of Sociology , vol.95 , pp. 401-424
    • Mizruchi, M.S.1
  • 77
    • 0013004499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of urban violence."
    • Morenoff, Jeffrey D., Robert J. Sampson, and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 2001. "Neighborhood Inequality, Collective Efficacy, and the Spatial Dynamics of Urban Violence." Criminology 39:517-559
    • (2001) Criminology , vol.39 , pp. 517-559
    • Morenoff, J.D.1    Sampson, R.J.2    Raudenbush, S.W.3
  • 81
    • 36549013791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Social network analysis and gang research: theory and methods."
    • edited by James F. Short and Lorine A. Hughes. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press.
    • Papachristos, Andrew V 2006. "Social Network Analysis and Gang Research: Theory and Methods." Pp. 99-116 in Studying Youth Gangs, edited by James F. Short and Lorine A. Hughes. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press.
    • (2006) Studying Youth Gangs
    • Papachristos, A.V.1
  • 82
    • 85055366026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Murder by structure: a network theory of gang homicide."
    • University of Chicago, Department of Sociology.
    • -. 2007. "Murder by Structure: A Network Theory of Gang Homicide." Ph.D. dissertation. University of Chicago, Department of Sociology.
    • (2007) Ph.D. Dissertation.
  • 83
    • 33845935980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Neighborhood effects on street gang behavior."
    • edited by James F. Short and Lorine A. Hughes. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press.
    • Papachristos, Andrew V, and David Kirk. 2006. "Neighborhood Effects on Street Gang Behavior." Pp. 63-84 in Studying Youth Gangs, edited by James F. Short and Lorine A. Hughes. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press.
    • (2006) Studying Youth Gangs , pp. 63-84
    • Papachristos, A.V.1    Kirk, D.2
  • 85
    • 85056005310 scopus 로고
    • "Near-Group theory and collective behavior: a critical reformulation."
    • Pfautz, Harold W. 1961. "Near-Group Theory and Collective Behavior: A Critical Reformulation." Social Problems 9:167-174
    • (1961) Social Problems , vol.9 , pp. 167-174
    • Pfautz, H.W.1
  • 86
    • 1642293531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social structure of vengeance: a test of black's model
    • Phillips, Scott. 2003. "The Social Structure of Vengeance: A Test of Black's Model." Criminology 41:673-708. (Pubitemid 38390307)
    • (2003) Criminology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 673-708
    • Phillips, S.1
  • 87
    • 0002224815 scopus 로고
    • "Honor and social status."
    • edited by John Peristiany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Pitts-Rivers, Julian. 1966. "Honor and Social Status." Pp. 19-78 in Honor and Shame: The Values of Mediterranean Society, edited by John Peristiany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1966) Honor and Shame: the Values of Mediterranean Society , pp. 19-78
    • Pitts-Rivers, J.1
  • 88
    • 49749137120 scopus 로고
    • "A status-based model of market competition."
    • Podolny, Joel M. 1993. "A Status-Based Model of Market Competition." American Journal of Sociology 98:829-872
    • (1993) American Journal of Sociology , vol.98 , pp. 829-872
    • Podolny, J.M.1
  • 89
    • 0345099878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Males and honor contest violence."
    • Polk, Kenneth. 1999. "Males and Honor Contest Violence." Homicide Studies 3:6-29.
    • (1999) Homicide Studies , vol.3 , pp. 6-29
    • Polk, K.1
  • 90
    • 0043138974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Facilitating violence: a comparison of gang-motivated, gang-affiliated, and nongang youth homicides."
    • Rosenfeld, Richard, Timothy M. Bray, and Arlen Egley. 1999. "Facilitating Violence: A Comparison of Gang-Motivated, Gang-Affiliated, and Nongang Youth Homicides." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 15:495-516.
    • (1999) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.15 , pp. 495-516
    • Rosenfeld, R.1    Bray, T.M.2    Egley, A.3
  • 92
    • 77958423163 scopus 로고
    • "Cohesion and disintegration in the wehrmacht in world war ii."
    • Shils, Edward A., and Morris Janowitz. 1948. "Cohesion and Disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II." Public Opinion Quarterly 12:280-315.
    • (1948) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.12 , pp. 280-315
    • Shils, E.A.1    Janowitz, M.2
  • 94
    • 85050168652 scopus 로고
    • "The response of gang leaders to status threats: an observation on group process and delinquent behavior."
    • Short, James F., Jr., and Fred L. Strodtbeck. 1963. "The Response of Gang Leaders to Status Threats: An Observation on Group Process and Delinquent Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 68:571-579
    • (1963) American Journal of Sociology , vol.68 , pp. 571-579
    • Strodtbeck, F.L.1
  • 96
    • 0042015119 scopus 로고
    • "The persistence of social groups."
    • Simmel, Georg. 1898. "The Persistence of Social Groups." American Journal of Sociology 3:662-698
    • (1898) American Journal of Sociology , vol.3 , pp. 662-698
    • Simmel, G.1
  • 98
    • 0004151723 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Stewart, F. H. 1994. Honor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1994) Honor.
    • Stewart, F.H.1
  • 99
    • 21644457706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maybe we shouldn't study gangs: does reification obscure youth violence?
    • DOI 10.1177/1043986204272912, Why Study Youth Gangs
    • Sullivan, Mercer L. 2005. "Maybe We Shouldn't Study 'Gangs': Does Reification Obscure Youth Violence?" Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 21:170-190 (Pubitemid 40677677)
    • (2005) JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CRIMINAL JUSTICE , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 170-190
    • Sullivan, M.L.1
  • 101
    • 11144332394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Comparison of self-report and official data for measuring crime."
    • edited by National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • Thornberry, Terence P., and Marvin D. Krohn. 2003. "Comparison of Self-Report and Official Data for Measuring Crime." Pp. 43-94 in Measurement Issues in Criminal Justice Research: Workshop Summary, edited by National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • (2003) Measurement Issues in Criminal Justice Research: Workshop Summary , pp. 43-94
    • Thornberry, T.P.1    Krohn, M.D.2
  • 105
    • 0036249377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Drug dealers, robbery and retaliation: vulnerability, deterrence and the contagion of violence."
    • Topalli, Volkan, Richard Wright, and Robert Fornango. 2002. "Drug Dealers, Robbery and Retaliation: Vulnerability, Deterrence and the Contagion of Violence." British Journal of Criminology 42 (2): 337-351
    • (2002) British Journal of Criminology , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 337-351
    • Topalli, V.1    Wright, R.2    Fornango, R.3
  • 106
    • 34249016142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Network models and methods for studying the diffusion of innovations."
    • edited by Peter J. Carrington, John Scott, and Stanley Wasserman. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • Valente, Thomas W. 2005. "Network Models and Methods for Studying the Diffusion of Innovations." Pp. 98-116 in Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis, edited by Peter J. Carrington, John Scott, and Stanley Wasserman. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2005) Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis , pp. 98-116
    • Valente, T.W.1
  • 108
    • 0036697012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Political competition and violence in mexico: hierarchical social control in local patronage structures."
    • Villarreal, Andres. 2002. "Political Competition and Violence in Mexico: Hierarchical Social Control in Local Patronage Structures." American Sociological Review 67: 477-498
    • (2002) American Sociological Review , vol.67 , pp. 477-498
    • Villarreal, A.1
  • 112
    • 84937278470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The role of firearms in violence 'scripts': the dynamics of gun events among adolescent males."
    • Wilkinson, Deanna L., and Jeffrey Fagan. 1996. "The Role of Firearms in Violence 'Scripts': The Dynamics of Gun Events among Adolescent Males." Law and Contemporary Problems 59:55-89.
    • (1996) Law and Contemporary Problems , vol.59 , pp. 55-89
    • Wilkinson, D.L.1    Fagan, J.2
  • 116
    • 85048901260 scopus 로고
    • "Is gun control likely to reduce violent killings?"
    • Zimring, Frank. 1968. "Is Gun Control Likely to Reduce Violent Killings?" University of Chicago Law Review 35:721-737
    • (1968) University of Chicago Law Review , vol.35 , pp. 721-737
    • Zimring, F.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.