Diversity, endemism and species turnover of millipedes within the south-western Australian global biodiversity hotspot

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 36, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 1958-1971

  Moir, Melinda L ^a,c   Brennan, Karl E C ^b   Harvey, Mark S ^a  

^a WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM   (Australia)

^b DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Altitude; Climate change; Conservation biogeography; Diplopoda; Geographical range; Invertebrate conservation; Refugia; Relictual taxa; Short range endemic; Taxonomic diversity

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPOD; BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DATABASE; DISTURBANCE; ENDEMISM; FLORISTICS; HOME RANGE; HUMAN ACTIVITY; NUMERICAL MODEL; RELICT SPECIES; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY); SPECIES DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; TRANSITION ZONE; TURNOVER; ZOOGEOGRAPHY;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA;

ANURA; DIPLOPODA; HELMINTHOMORPHA; INVERTEBRATA; MAMMALIA; PENTAZONIA; SPIROSTREPTIDA; TRACHEOPHYTA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 70349311748     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: 13652699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02137.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Archer, M. (1996) Refugial vertebrates from the Miocene rainforests of Western Australia: where are they? Gondwanan heritage: past, present and future of the Western Australian biota (ed. by S.D. Hopper, J.A. Chappill, M. Harvey A.S. George pp. 100 103. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales.
2. Attems, C.G. (1911) Myriopoda exkl. Scolopendridae. Die fauna Südwest-Australiens, Vol. 3 (ed. by W. Michaelsen R. Hartmeyer pp. 147 204. Gustav Fischer, Jena.
3. Bisby, F.A. (1995) Characterization of biodiversity. Global biodiversity assessment (ed. by V.H. Heywood pp. 22 106. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Black, D.G. (1994) A taxonomic revision of the Australian Siphonotidae (Diplopoda: Polyzoniida). PhD Thesis, University of California, Davis.
5. Blower, J.G. (1985) Millipedes: keys and notes for the identification of the species (Synopses of the British Fauna no. 35). E. J. Brill, London.
6. Brennan, K.E.C., Moir, M.L. Majer, J.D. (2004) Exhaustive sampling in a Southern Hemisphere global biodiversity hotspot: inventorying species richness and assessing endemicity of the little known jarrah forest spiders. Pacific Conservation Biology, 10, 241 260.
7. Byrne, M., Yeates, D.K., Joseph, L., Kearney, M., Bowler, J., Williams, M.A.J., Cooper, S., Donnellan, S.C., Keogh, J.S., Leys, R., Melville, J., Murphy, D.J., Porch, N. Wyrwoll, K.-H. (2008) Birth of a biome: insights into the assembly and maintenance of the Australian arid zone biota. Molecular Ecology, 17, 4398 4417.
8. Clarke, K.R. Warwick, R.M. (1998) A taxonomic distinctness index and its statistical properties. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35, 523 531.
9. Clarke, K.R. Warwick, R.M. (2001) A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists: variation in taxonomic distinctness. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 216, 265 278.
10. Collen, B., Purvis, A. Gittleman, J.L. (2004) Biological correlates of description date in carnivores and primates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 13, 459 467.
11. Colwell, R.K. (1994-2000) EstimateS.6.0b1. University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. Available at: http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates (last accessed 11 November 2007).
12. Crawley, M.J. (2005) Statistics: an introduction using R. John Wiley, Chichester.
13. Crisp, M.D., Laffan, S., Linder, H.P. Monro, A. (2001) Endemism in the Australian flora. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 183 198.
14. Edward, K. (2003) Speciation and biogeography of the native millipede genus Atelomastix within Southwestern Australia. Honours Thesis, University of Western Australia, Perth.
15. Edwards, D.L., Roberts, J.D. Keogh, J.S. (2007) Impact of Plio-Pleistocene arid cycling on the population history of a southwestern Australian frog. Molecular Ecology, 16, 2782 2796.
16. Faith, D.P. (1994) Phylogenetic diversity: a general framework for the prediction of feature diversity. Systematics and conservation evaluation (ed. by P.L. Forey, C.J. Humphries R.I. Vane-Wright pp. 251 268. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
17. Faraway, J.J. (2006) Extending the linear models with R: generalized linear, mixed effects and nonparametric regression models. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton.
18. Ferrier, S., Gray, M.R., Cassis, G.A. Wilkie, L. (1999) Spatial turnover in species composition of ground-dwelling arthropods, vertebrates and vascular plants in north-east New South Wales: implications for selection of forest reserves. The other 99%: the conservation and biodiversity of invertebrates (ed. by W. Ponder D. Lunney pp. 68 76. The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney.
19. Forest, F., Grenyer, R., Rouget, M., Davies, T.J., Cowling, R.M., Faith, D.P., Balmford, A., Manning, J.C., Procheş, Ş., van der Bank, M., Reeves, G., Hedderson, T.A.J. Savolainen, V. (2007) Preserving the evolutionary potential of floras in biodiversity hotspots. Nature, 445, 757 760.
20. Gilfillan, S. (2002) South coast invertebrate refugia project. Unpublished Report, Department of Conservation and Land Management, Albany, Western Australia.
21. Hamer, M.L., Slotow, R.H. Lovell, S. (2006) The South African savanna millipede (Diplopoda) fauna: taxonomic diversity, endemism, spatial and temporal effects on conservation assessments. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 53, 321 334.
22. Harper, J.L. Hawksworth, D.L. (1994) Biodiversity: measurement and estimation. Preface. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 345, 5 12.
23. Harvey, M.S. (2002) Short-range endemism among the Australian fauna: some examples from non-marine environments. Invertebrate Systematics, 16, 555 570.
24. Hawksworth, D.L. Kalin-Arroyo, M.T. (1995) Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity. UNEP, global biodiversity assessment (ed. by V.H. Heywood pp. 107 191. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
25. Hopper, S.D. (1979) Biogeographical aspects of speciation in the southwest Australian flora. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 10, 399 422.
26. Hopper, S.D. Gioia, P. (2004) The southwest Australian floristic region: evolution and conservation of a global hot spot of biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 35, 623 650.
27. Horwitz, P. (1997) Comparative endemism and richness of the aquatic invertebrate fauna in peatlands and shrublands of far south-western Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 56, 313 321.
28. How, R.A. Cowan, M.A. (2006) Collections in space and time: geographical patterning of native frogs, mammals and reptiles through a continental gradient. Pacific Conservation Biology, 12, 111 133.
29. Jetz, W., Rahbek, C. Colwell, R.K. (2004) The coincidence of rarity and richness and the potential signature of history in centres of endemism. Ecology Letters, 7, 1180 1191.
30. Laffan, S.W. Crisp, M.D. (2003) Assessing endemism at multiple spatial scales, with an example from the Australian vascular flora. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 511 520.
31. Lennon, J.J., Koleff, P., Greenwood, J.J.D. Gaston, K.J. (2001) The geographical structure of British bird distributions: diversity, spatial turnover and scale. Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, 966 979.
32. Linder, H.P. (2001) Plant diversity and endemism in sub-Saharan tropical Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 169 182.
33. Main, B.Y. (1993) Spiders and other invertebrates. Mountains of mystery - a natural history of the Stirling Range biota (ed. by C. Thomson, G. Hall G. Friend pp. 117 125. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth.
34. Main, B.Y. (1996) Microcosmic biogeography: trapdoor spiders in a time warp at Durokoppin. Gondwanan heritage: past, present and future of the Western Australian biota (ed. by S.D. Hopper, J.A. Chappill, M. Harvey A.S. George pp. 163 171. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales.
35. Main, B.Y., Harvey, M.S. Waldock, J.M. (2002) The distribution of the Western Australian pill millipede, Cynotelopus notabilis Jeekel (Sphaerotheriidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 20, 383 385.
36. Mesibov, R. (1997) A zoogeographical singularity at Weavers Creek, Tasmania. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 56, 563 573.
37. Mesibov, R. (2006) Millipedes of Australia. Available at: http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/millipedes/sphaerot/sphaerot.html (last accessed 19 February 2007).
38. Moir, M.L. Harvey, M.S. (2008) Discovery of the pill millipede genus Epicyliosoma (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Sphaerotheriidae) in Western Australia, with the description of a new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 24, 113 119.
39. Moritz, C., Richardson, K.S., Ferrier, S., Monteith, G.B., Stanisic, J., Williams, S.E. Whiffin, T. (2001) Biogeographical concordance and efficiency of taxon indicators for establishing conservation priority in a tropical rainforest biota. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 268, 1875 1881.
40. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853 858.
41. National Land and Water Resources Audit (2001) National Land and Water Resources Audit. Available at: http://www.nlwra.gov.au/ (last accessed 24 April 2007).
42. O'Dea, N., Whittaker, R.J. Ugland, K.I. (2006) Using spatial heterogeneity to extrapolate species richness: a new method tested on Ecuadorian cloud forest birds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 189 198.
43. Pardi, F. Goldman, N. (2007) Resource-aware taxon selection for maximizing phylogenetic diversity. Systematic Biology, 56, 431 444.
44. Pittock, B. (2003) Climate change: an Australian guide to the science and potential impacts. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
45. Price, A.R.G. (2002) Simultaneous 'hotspots' and 'coldspots' of marine biodiversity and implications for global conservation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 241, 23 27.
46. R Development Core Team (2008) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at: http://www.r-project.org/ (last accessed 15 February 2008).
47. Reid, A. (2002) Western Australian Onychophora (Peripatopsidae): a new genus, Kumbadjena, for a southern species-complex. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 21, 129 155.
48. Shear, W.A. Mesibov, R. (1997) Australian chordeumatidan millipedes. III. A review of the millipede family Metopiotrichidae Attems in Australia (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 11, 141 178.
49. Shelley, R.M. Lehtinen, P.T. (1998) Introduced millipedes of the family Paradoxosomatidae on Pacific Islands (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta, 7, 81 94.
50. Sierwald, P. Bond, J.E. (2007) Current status of the myriapod class Diplopoda (millipedes): taxonomic diversity and phylogeny. Annual Review of Entomology, 52, 401 420.
51. Slatyer, C., Rosauer, D. Lemckert, F. (2007) An assessment of endemism and species richness patterns in the Australian Anura. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 583 596.
52. Vane-Wright, R.I., Humphries, C.J. Williams, P.H. (1991) What to protect? Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation, 55, 235 254.
53. Warwick, R.M. Clarke, K.R. (1995) New 'biodiversity' measures reveal a decrease in taxonomic distinctness with increasing stress. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 129, 301 305.
54. Wesener, T. Sierwal, P. (2005) New giant pill-millipede species from the littoral forest of Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zoosphaerium). Zootaxa, 1097, 1 60.
55. Whiting, A.S., Lawler, S.H., Horwitz, P. Crandall, K.A. (2000) Biogeographic regionalisation of Australia: assigning conservation priorities based on endemic freshwater crayfish phylogenetics. Animal Conservation, 3, 155 163.
56. Williams, P.H. Humphries, C.J. (1994) Biodiversity, taxonomic relatedness, and endemism in conservation. Systematics and conservation evaluation (ed. by P.L. Forey, C.J. Humphries R.I. Vane-Wright pp. 269 287. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
57. Yeates, D.K., Bouchard, P. Monteith, G.B. (2002) Patterns and levels of endemism in the Australian wet tropics rainforest: evidence from flightless insects. Invertebrate Systematics, 16, 605 619.
58. Zurr, A.F., Leno, E.N. Smith, G.M. (2007) Analysing ecological data. Springer, New York.