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Volumn , Issue 62, 2009, Pages 1-26

A chinese state enterprise under the reforms: What model of capitalism?

(2)  Chan, Anita a   Unger, Jonathan a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPITALISM; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT; MANUFACTURING; MONETARY POLICY; POLICY MAKING; POLITICAL ECONOMY; STATE ROLE;

EID: 70349311617     PISSN: 13249347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/tcj.62.20648112     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (87)
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    • (1999) International Journal of Health Services , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 793-811
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    • Anita Chan and Xiaoyang Zhu, "Disciplinary Labor Regimes in Chinese Factories", Critical Asian Studies, Vol. 35, No. 4 (December 2003), pp. 559-84.
    • (2003) Critical Asian Studies , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 559-584
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    • 16 March, These include many of the most massive state corporations. Whereas most of the stateowned enterprises SOEs are owned by provincial, municipal and county governments, 150 or so huge companies are owned and controlled by the central state. In 2007 the combined profits of these 150 behemoth companies totaled a trillion yuan US$140 billion, a rise in profits of 223 per cent compared to just five years earlier when they were already doing very well
    • These include many of the most massive state corporations. Whereas most of the stateowned enterprises (SOEs) are owned by provincial, municipal and county governments, 150 or so huge companies are owned and controlled by the central state. In 2007 the combined profits of these 150 behemoth companies totaled a trillion yuan (US$140 billion), a rise in profits of 223 per cent compared to just five years earlier when they were already doing very well. George Dyer and Richard McGregor, "China's Champions", Financial Times, 16 March 2008.
    • (2008) Financial Times
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    • Some writers have emphasized that the Japanese model does not apply to much of Japanese industry, especially among smaller firms, Armonk: M. E. Sharpe
    • Some writers have emphasized that the Japanese model does not apply to much of Japanese industry, especially among smaller firms (Jon Woronoff, Japan as Anything but Number One (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1990).
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    • Even during the heyday of the Japanese model, only about a third of Japan's workforce, the core workers in large firms, actually enjoyed lifetime employment, in Bert Edstrom ed., Stockholm: The Centre for Pacific Asian Studies
    • Even during the heyday of the Japanese model, only about a third of Japan's workforce, the core workers in large firms, actually enjoyed lifetime employment (Akira Takanashi, "Japan's High Economic Growth and Industrial Relations", in Bert Edstrom [ed.], Industrial Relations, Wages and Employment in the Japanese Labor Market [Stockholm: The Centre for Pacific Asian Studies, 1994]).
    • (1994) Industrial Relations, Wages and Employment in the Japanese Labor Market
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    • For the majority of the Japanese workforce not in the core sector, the rate of job-mobility was about the same as in other industrialized countries., in David W. Plath ed., Albany: State University of New York Press
    • For the majority of the Japanese workforce not in the core sector, the rate of job-mobility was about the same as in other industrialized countries. Solomon B. Levine, "Careers and Mobility in Japan's Labor Markets", in David W. Plath (ed.), Work and Lifecourse in Japan (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983), pp. 15-33.
    • (1983) Work and Lifecourse in Japan , pp. 15-33
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    • 62149085098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
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    • The Financial Times, 12 December 2008, p. 12.
    • (2008) The Financial Times , pp. 12
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    • The company as family: Historical background
    • Stanford: Stanford University Press, in Daniel Okimoto and Thomas Rohlen eds
    • Rodney Clark, "The Company as Family: Historical Background", in Daniel Okimoto and Thomas Rohlen (eds), Inside the Japanese System (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988), pp. 103-05.
    • (1988) Inside the Japanese System , pp. 103-105
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    • For a somewhat different, less sanguine view of the Japanese model
    • Ronald Dore, Stock Market Capitalism, pp. 25-26. For a somewhat different, less sanguine view of the Japanese model,
    • Stock Market Capitalism , pp. 25-26
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    • 85028051513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of nonliberal corporate governance in germany and Japan
    • in Wolfgang Streeck and Kozo Yamamura eds
    • Gregory Jackson, "The Origins of Nonliberal Corporate Governance in Germany and Japan", in Wolfgang Streeck and Kozo Yamamura (eds), The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism, p. 150.
    • The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism , pp. 150
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    • Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, in Jokunago Shigeyoshi and Joachim Bergmann eds
    • S. J. Park, "Labour-Management Consultation as a Japanese Type of Participation: An International Comparison", in Jokunago Shigeyoshi and Joachim Bergmann (eds), Industrial Relations in Transition: The Case of Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1984), pp. 153-67.
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    • Mark W. Frazier, "Commanding Heights: Industrialization and Wage Discrimination in the Chinese Factory, 1950-1957", in Jacob Eyferth (ed.), How China Works: Perspectives on the Twentieth-Century Industrial Workplace (London: Routledge, 2003);
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    • The divisive tensions engendered by the political controls exploded in the Cultural Revolution turmoil of 1966-68 into violence between employees in many of China's factories though not at the distillery. On these tensions, which preceded the Cultural Revolution and re-emerged at factories when the Party's controls were reintroduced in the 1970s, see, January
    • The divisive tensions engendered by the political controls exploded in the Cultural Revolution turmoil of 1966-68 into violence between employees in many of China's factories (though not at the distillery). On these tensions, which preceded the Cultural Revolution and re-emerged at factories when the Party's controls were reintroduced in the 1970s, see Jonathan Unger, "The Cultural Revolution at the Grass Roots", The China Journal, No. 57 (January 2007), pp. 123-27.
    • (2007) The China Journal , Issue.57 , pp. 123-127
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    • Memories and the moral economy of a state-owned enterprise
    • On the background to this attitude at the distillery, see, in Ching Kwan Lee and Guobin Yang eds, Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • On the background to this attitude at the distillery, see Jonathan Unger and Anita Chan, "Memories and the Moral Economy of a State-Owned Enterprise", in Ching Kwan Lee and Guobin Yang (eds), Re-envisioning the Chinese Revolution: The Politics and Poetics of Collective Memories in Reform China (Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), pp. 119-40.
    • (2007) Re-Envisioning the Chinese Revolution: The Politics and Poetics of Collective Memories in Reform China , pp. 119-140
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    • Yu Xie and Xiaogang Wu, "Danwei Profitability and Earnings Inequality in Urban China", The China Quarterly, No. 195 (September 2008), p. 566.
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    • Xie, Y.1    Wu, X.2
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    • Factory and manager in an age of reform
    • Also see, June 251
    • Also see Andrew G. Walder, "Factory and Manager in an Age of Reform", The China Quarterly, No. 118 (June 1989), pp. 249, 251.
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    • The internal politics of an urban chinese work community: A case study of employee influence on decision-making at a state owned factory
    • July The distillery was not alone in this A recent book which praises Wuhan Steel Wugang for its profitable corporate reform initiatives observes that in 1998 "Wugang started an aggressive project to develop a self-contained landscaped complex with 10 000 apartment units for its workers When the project was completed in 2002 the units were apparently sold to employees at cost; that is at about one-third to half of the market value Wugang also provided some longservice employees with additional discounts. For those employees who rented units they were charged similarly at about one-third of the market rate with the rental agreement continuing into retirement p 187. In the minds of Wugang's managers providing adequate social welfare appears to remain a priority" p 190 John Hassard Jackie Sheehan Meixiang Zhou Jan Terpstra-Tong and Jonathan Morris Chinese State Enterprise Reform: From Marx to the Market London: Routledge 2007 italics added
    • Jonathan Unger and Anita Chan, "The Internal Politics of an Urban Chinese Work Community: A Case Study of Employee Influence on Decision-Making at a State Owned Factory", The China Journal, No. 52 (July 2004), pp. 1-24. The distillery was not alone in this. A recent book which praises Wuhan Steel (Wugang) for its profitable corporate reform initiatives observes that in 1998, "Wugang started an aggressive project to develop a self-contained landscaped complex with 10, 000 apartment units for its workers. When the project was completed in 2002, the units were apparently sold to employees at cost; that is, at about one-third to half of the market value. Wugang also provided some longservice employees with additional discounts. For those employees who rented units, they were charged similarly at about one-third of the market rate, with the rental agreement continuing into retirement (p. 187). In the minds of Wugang's managers, providing adequate social welfare appears to remain a priority" (p. 190). John Hassard, Jackie Sheehan, Meixiang Zhou, Jan Terpstra-Tong and Jonathan Morris, Chinese State Enterprise Reform: From Marx to the Market (London: Routledge, 2007), italics added.
    • (2004) The China Journal , Issue.52 , pp. 1-24
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    • May
    • Yasushi Suzuki, Md. Dulal Miah and Jinyi Yuan, "China's Non-Performing Loan Crisis: The Role of Economic Rents", Asia-Pacific Economic Literature, Vol. 22, No. 1 (May 2008), p. 57.
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    • Industrialization and the convergence hypothesis: Some aspects of contemporary japan
    • For the first two decades after World War II, the Japanese wage structure was very strongly work-year related. A job-level supplement in the Japanese system was a more recent innovation of the Sixties
    • For the first two decades after World War II, the Japanese wage structure was very strongly work-year related. A job-level supplement in the Japanese system was a more recent innovation of the Sixties. Bernard Karsh and Robert E. Cole, "Industrialization and the Convergence Hypothesis: Some Aspects of Contemporary Japan", Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 24, No. 4 (1968), pp. 45-63;
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    • Development of collective bargaining in post-war japan
    • in T. Shirai ed., In the Japanese system, during the 1970s a semi-annual bonus in large firms comprised 26 per cent of the year's income, rising to an average for all firms of 35 per cent in 1990 , Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
    • In the Japanese system, during the 1970s a semi-annual bonus in large firms comprised 26 per cent of the year's income, rising to an average for all firms of 35 per cent in 1990 (Kazutoshi Koshiro, "Development of Collective Bargaining in Post-War Japan", in T. Shirai [ed.], Contemporary Industrial Relations in Japan [Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983], pp. 205-57;
    • (1983) Contemporary Industrial Relations in Japan , pp. 205-257
    • Koshiro, K.1
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    • In the past, the semi-annual bonuses were viewed as a sign of management generosity and paternalism
    • But By the 1960s Workers Considered It "not a Gift But a Right to Which They Were entitled"
    • Robert E. Cole notes, "In the past, the semi-annual bonuses were viewed as a sign of management generosity and paternalism", but by the 1960s workers considered it "not a gift but a right to which they were entitled" (Japanese Blue Collar, p. 176).
    • Japanese Blue Collar , pp. 176
    • Notes, R.E.C.1
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    • Patterns of corporate restructuring in china: Political constraints on privatization
    • A statistical analysis of a survey of state enterprises, conducted by Jean Oi up through 2004, showed that a majority of the enterprises that restructured have also been averse to laying off workers. Our thanks to Jean Oi for this information. Other findings from her survey are discussed in, January
    • A statistical analysis of a survey of state enterprises, conducted by Jean Oi up through 2004, showed that a majority of the enterprises that restructured have also been averse to laying off workers. (Our thanks to Jean Oi for this information.) Other findings from her survey are discussed in Jean Oi, "Patterns of Corporate Restructuring in China: Political Constraints on Privatization", The China Journal, No. 53 (January 2005), pp. 115-36.
    • (2005) The China Journal , Issue.53 , pp. 115-136
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    • Overall, there have been relatively few direct lay-offs over the years at wugang
    • In a vein similar to the distillery, a study of profitable Wuhan Steel Wugang notes that surplus workers retained their employment by being placed into subsidiary non-steel enterprises which Wugang established. As a result
    • In a vein similar to the distillery, a study of profitable Wuhan Steel (Wugang) notes that surplus workers retained their employment by being placed into subsidiary non-steel enterprises which Wugang established. As a result, "overall, there have been relatively few direct lay-offs over the years at Wugang". John Hassard, Jackie Sheehan, Meixiang Zhou, Jan Terpstra-Tong and Jonathan Morris, Chinese State Enterprise Reform, p. 187.
    • Chinese State Enterprise Reform , pp. 187
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    • the conflicts between the trade union and the party-state: The reform of the chinese trade union in the eighties, xianggang shehui kexue xuebao, A former Chinese trade-union researcher has called the 1980s the "golden age" of the staff and workers representative congresses, Autumn
    • A former Chinese trade-union researcher has called the 1980s the "golden age" of the staff and workers representative congresses. Jiang Kelin, "Gonghui yu dang-guojia de chongtu: bashi niandai yilai de Zhongguo gonghui gaige" (The Conflicts between the Trade Union and the Party-state: The Reform of the Chinese Trade Union in the Eighties), Xianggang shehui kexue xuebao (Hong Kong Journal of Social Sciences), No. 8 (Autumn 1996), p. 128.
    • (1996) Hong Kong Journal of Social Sciences , Issue.8 , pp. 128
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    • These rights were codified in Article 52 of the Enterprise Law of
    • These rights were codified in Article 52 of the Enterprise Law of 1988.
    • (1988)
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    • The legal status of the Staff and Workers' Representatives Congress SWRC was guaranteed in the Enterprise Law passed in 1988 after the national union federation ACFTU lobbied to have this inserted into the law, but the Enterprise Law was applicable only to state and collective enterprises, Once enterprises were transformed into other types of ownership they came under the Company Law passed in 1993. In the newly revised Company Law that went into effect as of January, the ACFTU succeeded in strengthening the legal powers of the SWRC at state enterprises and extending its legal, though not mandatory, existence to enterprises that are not state-owned or dominated by state shares
    • The legal status of the Staff and Workers' Representatives Congress (SWRC) was guaranteed in the Enterprise Law passed in 1988 after the national union federation (ACFTU) lobbied to have this inserted into the law, but the Enterprise Law was applicable only to state and collective enterprises (Jiang Kelin, "Gonghui yu dang-guojia de chongtu"). Once enterprises were transformed into other types of ownership they came under the Company Law passed in 1993. In the newly revised Company Law that went into effect as of January 2006, the ACFTU succeeded in strengthening the legal powers of the SWRC at state enterprises and extending its legal, though not mandatory, existence to enterprises that are not state-owned or dominated by state shares.
    • (2006) Gonghui yu Dang-Guojia de Chongtu
    • Kelin, J.1
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    • The institutionalization of workers' articulated interests
    • The figure of 92 per cent was derived by Xiaoyang Zhu and Anita Chan from the raw data of a large nationwide survey sponsored by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions in 1997, Summer
    • The figure of 92 per cent was derived by Xiaoyang Zhu and Anita Chan from the raw data of a large nationwide survey sponsored by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions in 1997. Xiaoyang Zhu and Anita Chan, "The Institutionalization of Workers' Articulated Interests", Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Summer 2005), pp. 6-33.
    • (2005) Chinese Sociology and Anthropology , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 6-33
    • Zhu, X.1    Chan, A.2
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    • 1 June, citing an article in China Daily. In the same year, in the city of Tianjin 660 state-enterprise managers were sacked and another 1, 550 enterprise officials were demoted or transferred after receiving less than 50 per cent support in a congress vote of confidence. Gongren ribao Workers Daily, 10 April 1998
    • China News Digest, 1 June 1998, citing an article in China Daily. In the same year, in the city of Tianjin 660 state-enterprise managers were sacked and another 1, 550 enterprise officials were demoted or transferred after receiving less than 50 per cent support in a congress vote of confidence. Gongren ribao (Workers Daily), 10 April 1998.
    • (1998) China News Digest
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    • 'Misreading' of the law and 'imagined home' in z factory
    • and tong xin, "the cultural basis of workers' collective action in a transitional state-owned enterprise during a time of transition", both in, pp 42-70, A much-publicized case in the Chinese news media was a paper mill in the city of Zhengzhou, where workers themselves convened a congress to gain control of the mill from corrupt management, after the workers discovered that the managers were assetstripping and enriching themselves in the process. The struggle lasted a few years, and in the end the workers got back their factory, despite an ambivalent, wavering attitude taken by the local government. A local government official has admitted that, once this case set a precedent, some 20 other such cases erupted in Zhengzhou over the following several years. On this Zhengzhou case, see, Winter
    • A much-publicized case in the Chinese news media was a paper mill in the city of Zhengzhou, where workers themselves convened a congress to gain control of the mill from corrupt management, after the workers discovered that the managers were assetstripping and enriching themselves in the process. The struggle lasted a few years, and in the end the workers got back their factory, despite an ambivalent, wavering attitude taken by the local government. A local government official has admitted that, once this case set a precedent, some 20 other such cases erupted in Zhengzhou over the following several years. On this Zhengzhou case, see Xiaoyang Zhu, "'Misreading' of the Law and 'Imagined Home' in Z Factory", and Tong Xin, "The Cultural Basis of Workers' Collective Action in a Transitional State-Owned Enterprise During a Time of Transition", both in Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Winter 2005), pp. 3-41, pp. 42-70;
    • (2005) Chinese Sociology and Anthropology , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-41
    • Zhu, X.1
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    • Privatization and its discontents in chinese factories
    • also, March
    • also Feng Chen, "Privatization and its Discontents in Chinese Factories", The China Quarterly, No. 185 (March 2006), pp. 42-60.
    • (2006) The China Quarterly , Issue.185 , pp. 42-60
    • Chen, F.1
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    • Discourses about 'learning from japan' in post-1979 mainland chinese management journals
    • On this interest in Japanese enterprise management techniques, see also, May
    • On this interest in Japanese enterprise management techniques, see also Glen Lewis and Wanning Sun, "Discourses about 'Learning from Japan' in Post-1979 Mainland Chinese Management Journals", Issues and Studies, Vol. 30, No. 5 (May 1994), pp. 63-76.
    • (1994) Issues and Studies , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 63-76
    • Lewis, G.1    Sun, W.2
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    • Representing corporate culture in china: Official, academic and corporate perspectives
    • An analysis of the term qiye wenhua that is quite different to ours is contained in, January
    • An analysis of the term qiye wenhua that is quite different to ours is contained in Colin Hawes, "Representing Corporate Culture in China: Official, Academic and Corporate Perspectives", The China Journal, No. 59 (January 2008).
    • (2008) The China Journal , Issue.59
    • Hawes, C.1
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    • The future of nationally embedded capitalism: Industrial relations in germany and Japan
    • and Steven K. Vogel, "The Re-Organization of Organized Capitalism: How the German and Japanese Models Are Shaping Their Own Transformations", Both in Kozo Yamamura and Wolfgang Streeck eds and 316-7
    • Kathleen Thelen and Ikuo Kume, "The Future of Nationally Embedded Capitalism: Industrial Relations in Germany and Japan", and Steven K. Vogel, "The Re-Organization of Organized Capitalism: How the German and Japanese Models are Shaping their Own Transformations", both in Kozo Yamamura and Wolfgang Streeck (eds), The End of Diversity?, pp. 194 and 316-7;
    • The End of Diversity? , pp. 194
    • Thelen, K.1    Kume, I.2
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    • phd dissertation, university of cambridge, The Japanese system even demonstrated considerable resilience to the penetration of the Anglo-American model in Japanese companies recently acquired by foreign capital
    • The Japanese system even demonstrated considerable resilience to the penetration of the Anglo-American model in Japanese companies recently acquired by foreign capital. George Olcott, "The Impact of Foreign Ownership and Control on Japanese Organisations", PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2005.
    • (2005) The Impact of Foreign Ownership and Control on Japanese Organisations
    • Olcott, G.1
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    • Personal communication from Ronald Dore, May
    • Personal communication from Ronald Dore, May 2009.
    • (2009)
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    • Models of corporate governance for chinese enterprises
    • January 93-94
    • On Kit Tam, "Models of Corporate Governance for Chinese Enterprises", Corporate Governance, Vol. 8, No. 1 (January 2000), pp. 91, 93-94.
    • (2000) Corporate Governance , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 91
    • Tam, O.K.1
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    • From organized dependence to disorganized despotism: Changing labour regimes in chinese factories
    • In some other parts of the country, for example Guangdong Province, state enterprises adopted such policies considerably earlier, in the mid-to late 1990s, March
    • In some other parts of the country, for example Guangdong Province, state enterprises adopted such policies considerably earlier, in the mid-to late 1990s. Ching Kwan Lee, "From Organized Dependence to Disorganized Despotism: Changing Labour Regimes in Chinese Factories", The China Quarterly, No. 157 (March 1999), pp. 44-71.
    • (1999) The China Quarterly , Issue.157 , pp. 44-71
    • Lee, C.K.1
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.