Risk stratification in surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

Volumn 7, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 755-762

  Khairy, Paul ^a   Dore, Annie ^a   Poirier, Nancy ^a   Marcotte, François ^a   Ibrahim, Reda ^a   Mongeon, François Pierre ^a   Mercier, Lise Andrée ^a  

^a MONTREAL HEART INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Programmed ventricular stimulation; Risk stratification; Sudden cardiac death; Tetralogy of Fallot

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; AORTA STENOSIS; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEFIBRILLATOR; FALLOT TETRALOGY; HEART ATRIUM SEPTUM DEFECT; HEART ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART VENTRICLE SEPTUM DEFECT; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROBABILITY; PULMONARY VALVE REPLACEMENT; PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS; QRS COMPLEX; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY PREVENTION; STIMULATION; SUDDEN DEATH; TACHYCARDIA; TREATMENT INDICATION; ADULT; MORTALITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ADULT; ALGORITHMS; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; DEFIBRILLATORS, IMPLANTABLE; HUMANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK FACTORS; TETRALOGY OF FALLOT;

EID: 70349303215     PISSN: 14779072     EISSN: 17448344     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.38     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Gatzoulis MA, Balaji S, Webber SA et al. Risk factors for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a multicentre study. Lancet 356(9234), 975-981 (2000). ••Large multicenter cohort of patients with tetralogy of Fallot, which identified noninvasive risk factors for sudden death.
2. Nollert G, Fischlein T, Bouterwek S et al. Long-term survival in patients with repair of tetralogy of Fallot: 36-year follow-up of 490 survivors of the first year after surgical repair. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 30(5), 1374-1383 (1997). (Pubitemid 27501460)
3. Khairy P, Dore A, Talajic M et al. Arrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 4(1), 83-95 (2006).
4. Silka MJ, Hardy BG, Menashe VD, Morris CD. A population-based prospective evaluation of risk of sudden cardiac death after operation for common congenital heart defects. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 32(1), 245-251 (1998). ••Population-based study of patients with surgically repaired forms of congenital heart disease reporting annual rates of sudden cardiac death.
5. Ghai A, Silversides C, Harris L et al. Left ventricular dysfunction is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 40(9), 1675-1680 (2002). (Pubitemid 35253647)
6. Katz NM, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, Pacifico AD. Late survival and symptoms after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 65, 403-410 (1982).
7. Berul CI, Hill SL, Geggel RL et al. Electrocardiographic markers of late sudden death risk in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot children. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 8(12), 1349-1356 (1997).
8. Harrison DA, Harris L, Siu SC et al. Sustained ventricular tachycardia in adult patients late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 30(5), 1368-1373 (1997). (Pubitemid 27501459)
9. Jonsson H, Ivert T, Brodin LA, Jonasson R. Late sudden deaths after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Electrocardiographic findings associated with survival. Scand. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 29(3), 131-139 (1995).
10. Garson A Jr, Nihill MR, McNamara DG, Cooley DA. Status of the adult and adolescent after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 59, 1232-1240 (1979).
11. Hokanson JS, Moller JH. Significance of early transient complete heart block as a predictor of sudden death late after operative correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Am. J. Cardiol. 87(11), 1271-1277 (2001).
12. Vogel M, Sponring J, Cullen S, Deanfield JE, Redington AN. Regional wall motion and abnormalities of electrical depolarization and repolarization in patients after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 103(12), 1669-1673 (2001). (Pubitemid 32246615)
13. Barnard GA, Bayes T. Studies in the history of probablities and statistics: IX. Thomas Bayes' essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Biometrika 45, 293-315 (1958).
14. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS et al. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 335(26), 1933-1940 (1996).
15. Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD et al. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 341(25), 1882-1890 (1999).
16. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med. 346(12), 877-883 (2002). (Pubitemid 34984635)
17. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 350(21), 2140-2150 (2004). (Pubitemid 38637994)
18. Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP et al. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 350(21), 2151-2158 (2004). (Pubitemid 38637995)
19. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 352(3), 225-237 (2005).
20. Khairy P. Programmed ventricular stimulation for risk stratification in patients with tetralogy of Fallot: a Bayesian perspective. Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. 4(6), 292-293 (2007). (Pubitemid 46860542)
21. Bricker JT. Sudden death and tetralogy of Fallot. Risks, markers, and causes. Circulation 92(2), 158-159 (1995).
22. Perloff JK, Middlekauf HR, Child JS et al. Usefulness of post-ventriculotomy signal averaged electrocardiograms in congenital heart disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 98(12), 1646-1651 (2006).
23. Gregg D, Foster E. Pulmonary insufficiency is the nexus of late complications in tetralogy of Fallot. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 9(4), 315-322 (2007). (Pubitemid 47072829)
24. Karamlou T, Silber I, Lao R et al. Outcomes after late reoperation in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: the impact of arrhythmia and arrhythmia surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 81(5), 1786-1793 (2006). (Pubitemid 350030028)
25. Harrild DM, Berul CI, Cecchin F et al. Pulmonary valve replacement in tetralogy of Fallot: impact on survival and ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 119(3), 445-451 (2009).
26. Khairy P, Landzberg MJ, Gatzoulis MA et al. Value of programmed ventricular stimulation after tetralogy of fallot repair: a multicenter study. Circulation 109(16), 1994-2000 (2004). ••Test characteristics of programmed ventricular stimulation were defined to facilitate incorporation into risk stratification algorithms.
27. Khairy P, Harris L, Landzberg MJ et al. Implantable cardioverter- defibrillators in tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 117(3), 363-370 (2008). ••Largest study of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in tetralogy of Fallot. Rates of appropriate and inappropriate shocks were characterized, risk factors for appropriate shocks were identified, and a risk score was generated in patients with primary prevention indications.
28. Maron BJ, Shen WK, Link MS et al. Efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 342(6), 365-373 (2000).
29. Singh JP, Hall WJ, McNitt S et al. Factors influencing appropriate firing of the implanted defibrillator for ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation: findings from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT-II). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 46(9), 1712-1720 (2005). (Pubitemid 41531628)
30. Khairy P. EP challenges in adult congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm 5(10), 1464-1472 (2008).