A stage-dependent model of resource utilization, strategic flexibility, and implications for performance over time: Empirical evidence from a transitional environment

Asia Pacific Journal of Management

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 563-588

  Tan, Justin ^a   Zeng, Yong ^b  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

China; Exploration and exploitation; Flexibility and efficiency; Resource utilization; Slack; SOEs

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349272480     PISSN: 02174561     EISSN: 15729958     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10490-009-9140-9     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Adler, P. S., & Borys, B. 1996. Two types of bureaucracy: Enabling and coercive. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1): 61-89.
2. Adler, P. S., Goldoftas, B., & Levine, D. I. 1999. Flexibility versus efficiency? A case study of model changeovers in the Toyota production system. Organization Science, 10(1): 43-68.
3. Adner, R., & Helfat, C. E. 2003. Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24(10): 1011-1025.
4. Aharoni, Y. 1986. The evolution and management of state owned enterprises. Cambridge: Ballinger.
5. Benner, M. J., & Tushman, M. L. 2003. Exploitation, exploration, and process management: The productivity dilemma revisited. Academy of Management Review, 28(2): 238-256.
6. Boisot, M., & Child, J. 1996. From fiefs to clans and network capitalism: Explaining China's merging economic order. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1): 600-628.
7. Bourgeois, L. J. 1981. On the measurement of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review, 6(1): 29-39.
8. Bromiley, P. 1991. Testing a causal model of corporate risk taking and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 34(1): 37-59.
9. Carlsson, B. 1989. Flexibility and the theory of the firm. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 7(2): 179-204.
10. Carney, M., & Gedajlovic, E. 2002. The co-evolution of institutional environments and organizational strategies: The rise of family business groups in the ASEAN region. Organization Studies, 23(1): 1-29.
11. CBS News 2003. Columbia's loss is NASA's challenge. New York. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/02/01/columbia/main538969.shtml, Accessed Feb. 1.
12. Cheng, J. L. C., & Kesner, I. F. 1997. Organizational slack and response to environmental shifts: The impact of resource allocation patterns. Journal of Management, 23(1): 1-18.
13. Child, J. 1994. Management in China in the age of reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.
14. Child, J. 2003. The challenge for Chinese enterprises: Can they compete?. Paper presented to the LVMH Conference on Asia Pacific tomorrow: Problems and perspectives, INSEAD Euro-Asia Centre, France, February.
15. Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. 1979. Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand McNally.
16. Cyert, R. M., & March, J. G. 1963. A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
17. D'Aveni, R. A. 1994. Hypercompetition. New York: Free Press.
18. Davies, H., & Walters, P. 2004. Emergent patterns of strategy, environment and performance in a transition economy. Strategic Management Journal, 25(4): 347-364.
19. Davis, G. F., & Stout, S. K. 1992. Organization theory and the market for corporate control: A dynamic analysis of large takeover targets, 1980-1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(4): 605-633.
20. Dierickx, I., & Cool, K. 1989. Asset stock, accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35(12): 1504-1511.
21. Dutta, S., Narasimhan, O., & Rajiv, S. 2005. Conceptualizing and measuring capabilities: Methodology and empirical application. Strategic Management Journal, 26(3): 277-285.
22. Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. 2000. Dynamic capabilities: What are they?. Strategic Management Journal, 21(10/11): 1105-1121.
23. Fama, E. F. 1980. Agency problems and the theory of the firm. Journal of Political Economy, 88(2): 288-307.
24. Gaba, V., Pan, Y., & Ungson, G. R. 2002. Timing of entry in international market: An empirical study of US Fortune 500 firms in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(1): 39-55.
25. Galbraith, J. R. 1973. Designing complex organizations. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
26. George, G. 2005. Slack resources and the performance of privately held firms. Academy of Management Journal, 48(4): 661-676.
27. Ghemawat, P. 1991. Commitment: The dynamic of strategy. New York: The Free Press.
28. Ghemawat, P., & Costa, J. E. R. I. 1993. The organizational tension between static and dynamic efficiency. Strategic Management Journal, 14(Special Issue): 59-73.
29. Gleick, J. 1987. Chaos: Making a new science. New York: Viking.
30. Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. 1989. Organizational ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
31. Harrigan, K. R. 1985. Strategic flexibility: A management guide for changing times. Lexington: Lexington Books.
32. Harris, D. H. 1994. Organizational linkages: Understanding the productivity paradox. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
33. Hatten, K. J., & Hatten, M. L. 1987. Strategic groups, asymmetrical mobility barriers and contestability. Strategic Management Journal, 8(4): 329-342.
34. Hirschman, A. O. 1970. Exit, voice, and loyalty: Response to decline in firms, organizations, and states. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
35. Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4): 305-360.
36. Kauffman, S. A. 1995. At home in the universe: The search for laws of self-organization and complexity. New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Kornai, J. 1992. The socialist system: The political economy of communism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
38. Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G. 1981. A model of adaptive organizational search. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2(4): 307-333.
39. Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G. 1993. The myopia of learning. Strategic Management Journal, 14(Special Issue): 95-112.
40. Lewin, A. Y., & Volberda, H. W. 1999. Prolegomena on coevolution: A framework for research on strategy and new organizational forms. Organization Science, 10(5): 519-534.
41. Lipsey, M. W. 1990. Design sensitivity: Statistical power for experimental research. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
42. Luo, Y. 2000. Dynamic capabilities in international expansion. Journal of World Business, 35(4): 355-378.
43. Makadok, R. 2001. Toward a synthesis of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views of rent creation. Strategic Management Journal, 22(5): 387-401.
44. March, J. 1991. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1): 71-87.
45. March, J. G., & Sutton, R. I. 1997. Organizational performance as a dependent variable. Organization Science, 8(6): 698-706.
46. Meilich, O. 1997. The flexibility-efficiency debate: Review and theoretical framework. Working paper, University of Southern California.
47. Meyer, A. D. 1982. Adapting to environmental jolts. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27(4): 515-537.
48. Nohria, N., & Gulati, R. 1996. Is slack good or bad for innovation?. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5): 1245-1264.
49. North, D. C. 1990. Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
50. Oliver, C. 1991. Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16(1): 145-179.
51. Peck, M. J., & Richardson, T. J. (Eds.). 1991. What is to be done? Proposals for the Soviet transition to the market. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
52. Peng, M. W., & Heath, P. S. 1996. The growth of the firm in planned economies in transition: Institutions, organizations, and strategic choice. Academy of Management Review, 21(2): 492-528.
53. Perkins, D. 1994. Completing China's move to the market. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2): 23-46.
54. Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. 1978. The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.
55. Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press.
56. Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.
57. Porter, M. E. 1990. The competitive advantage of nations. New York: Free Press.
58. Sachs, J. 1989/90. My plan for Poland. The International Economy, 3(6): 24-29.
59. Sanchez, R. 1995. Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strategic Management Journal, 16(Special Issue): 135-159.
60. Schumpeter, J. 1975 (1942). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York: Harper.
61. Sharfman, M. P., Wolf, G., Chase, R. B., & Tansik, D. A. 1988. Antecedents of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review, 13(4): 601-614.
62. Sidhu, J. S., Commandeur, H. R., & Volberda, H. W. 2007. The multifaceted nature of exploration and exploitation: Value of supply, demand, and spatial search for innovation. Organization Science, 18(1): 20-38.
63. Singh, J. V. 1986. Performance, slack, and risk taking in organizational decision making. Academy of Management Journal, 29(3): 562-585.
64. Tan, J. 2005. Venturing in turbulent water: A historical perspective of economic reform and entrepreneurial transformation. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(5): 689-704.
65. Tan, J. 2007. Phase transitions and emergence of entrepreneurship: The transformation of Chinese SOEs over time. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1): 77-96.
66. Tan, J., & Litschert, R. J. 1994. Environment-strategy relationship and its performance implications: An empirical study of Chinese electronics industry. Strategic Management Journal, 15(1): 1-20.
67. Tan, J., & Peng, M. W. 2003. Organizational slack and firm performance during economic transitions: Two studies from an emerging economy. Strategic Management Journal, 24(13): 1249-1263.
68. Tan, J., & Tan, D. 2005. Environment-strategy co-evolution and co-alignment: A staged-model of Chinese SOEs under transition. Strategic Management Journal, 26(2): 141-157.
69. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7): 509-533.
70. Thompson, J. D. 1967. Organizations in action: Social sciences bases of administrative theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
71. Volberda, H. W. 1996. Toward the flexible form: How to remain vital in hypercompetitive environments. Organization Science, 7(4): 359-374.
72. Walder, A. 1989. Factory and manager in an era of reform. The China Quarterly, 118: 242-264.
73. Walsh, J. P., & Kosnik, R. D. 1993. Corporate raiders and their disciplinary role in the market for corporate control. Academy of Management Journal, 36(4): 671-700.
74. Williamson, O. E. 1975. Markets and hierarchies, analysis and anti-trust implications: A study of the economics of internal organization. New York: Free Press.
75. Zollo, M., & Winter, S. G. 2002. Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization Science, 13(3): 339-351.