Untangling the roots of tolerance

American Behavioral Scientist

Volumn 52, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1664-1689

  Côté, Rochelle R ^a   Erickson, Bonnie H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Canada; Ethnic minorities; Social capital; Social tolerance

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349256020     PISSN: 00027642     EISSN: 15523381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002764209331532     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2. Bobo, L., & Licari, F. C. (1989). Education and political tolerance. Public Opinion Quarterly, 53, 285-307.
3. Bonacich, E. (1972). A theory of ethnic antagonism: The split labor market. American Sociological Review, 37, 547-559.
4. Bonacich, E. (1976). Advanced capitalism and Black/White race relations in the United States: A split-market interpretation. American Sociological Review, 41, 34-51.
5. Boswell, T. (1986). A split labor market interpretation of discrimination against Chinese immigrants, 1850-1882. American Sociological Review, 51, 352-371.
6. Brown, C. (2000). The role of employers in split labor market: An event-structure analysis of racial conflict and AFL organizing. Social Forces, 79, 653-682.
7. Cabrera, A. F., Nora, A., Terenzini, P. T., Pascarella, E., & Hagedorn, L. S. (1999). Campus Racial Climate and the Adjustment of Students to College. The Journal of Higher Education, 70(2), 134-160.
8. Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
9. Cigler, A., & Joslyn, M. R. (2002). The Extensiveness of Group Membership and Social Capital: The Impact on Political Tolerance Attitudes. Political Research Quarterly, 55(1), 7-25.
10. Curtis, J., & Grabb, E. (1992). Voluntary association activity in English Canada, French Canada and the United States: A multivariate analysis. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 17(4), 371-388.
11. Cutler, S. J., & Kaufman, R. L. (1975). Cohort changes in political attitudes: Tolerance of ideological nonconformity. Public Opinion Quarterly, 39(Spring), 69-81.
12. Davis, J. A. (1975). Communism, conformity, cohorts and categories: American tolerance in 1954 and 1972-73. American Journal of Sociology, 81, 491-513.
13. Dixon, J. C., & Rosenbaum, M. S. (2004). Nice to know you? Testing contact, cultural and group threat theories of anti-Black and anti-Hispanic stereotypes. Social Science Quarterly, 85, 257-280.
14. Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Kawakami, K. (2003). Intergroup contact: The past, present and future. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 6, 5-21.
15. Erickson, B. H. (2004). The distribution of gendered social capital in Canada. In H. Flap & B. Volker (Eds.), Creations and returns of social capital: A new research program. New York: Routledge.
16. Erickson, B. H. (2006). Persuasion and perception: New models of network effects on gendered issues. In H. Flap & B. Volker (Eds.), Creations and returns of social capital: A new research program. New York: Routledge.
17. Erickson, B. H., & Nosanchuk, T. A. (1998). Contact and stereotyping in a voluntary association. Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 60, 5-33.
18. Frank, K. A. (2009). Quasi-ties: Directing resources to members of a collective. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(12), 1613-1646.
19. Forbes, H. D. (1997). Ethnic conflict: Commerce, culture and the contact hypothesis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
20. Ganzeboom, H. B., & Treiman, D. J. (1996). International comparable measures of occupational status for the 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations. Social Science Research, 25, 201-239.
21. Gidengil, E., Blais, A., Nadeau, R., & Nevitte, N. (2003). Women to Left? Gender differences in political beliefs and policy preferences. In M. Tremblay & L. Trimble (Eds.), Women and electoral politics in Canada. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press.
22. Huckfeldt, R., Beck, P. A., Dalton, R. J., & Levine, J. (1995). Political environments, cohesive social groups and the communication of public opinion. American Journal of Public Opinion, 39, 1025-1054.
23. Jackman, M. J. (1973). Education and prejudice or education and response-set? American Sociological Review, 38, 327-339.
24. Jackman, M. J., & Muha, M. E. (1984). Education and intergroup attitudes: Moral enlightenment, superficial democratic commitment, or ideological refinement? American Sociological Review, 49, 751-769.
25. Jackman, M. J., & Senter, M. S. (1980). Images of social groups? Categorical or qualified? Public Opinion Quarterly, 44, 341-361.
26. Jacob, P.E. (1957). Changing Values in College. New York: Harper & Row.
27. Judd, C., & Park, B. (1993). Definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes. Psychological Review, 100, 109-128.
28. Kawakami, K., Dovidio, J. F., Moll, S. H., & Russen, A. (2000). Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects on training in trait negation on stereotype activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 871-888.
29. Kingston, P. W., Hubbard, R., Lapp, B., Schroeder, P., & Wilson, J. (2003). Why education matters. Sociology of Education, 76(1), 53-70.
30. Kunovich, R. (2004). Social structural position and prejudice: An exploration of cross-national differences in regression slopes. Social Science Research, 33, 20-44.
31. Li, P. S. (1992). Race and gender as basis of class fractions and earnings. Canadian Review of Anthropology and Sociology, 29, 488-510.
32. Lin, N. (1982). Social resources and instrumental action. In P. V. Marsden & N. Lin (Eds.), Social structure and network analysis (pp. 131-147). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
33. Lin, N., & Dumin, M. (1986). Access to occupation through social ties. Social Networks, 8, 365-385.
34. Lin, N., Fu, Y. -C., & Hsung, R. -M. (2001). The position generator: Measurement techniques for investigations of social capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social capital: Theory and research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
35. Morley, K. M. (2003). Fitting in By Race/Ethnicity: The Social and Academic Integration of Diverse Students at a Large Predominantly White University. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 5(2), 147-174.
36. Nunn, C. Z., Crockett, H. J., & Williams, J. A. (1978). Tolerance for non-conformity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
37. Olzak, S. (1992). The dynamics of ethnic competition and conflict. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
38. Paxton, P. (2004, August). Who do you trust? A multilevel model of generalized trust in thirty-one countries. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco.
39. Peabody, D. (1961). Attitude content and agreement set in scales of authoritarianism, dogmatism, anti-Semitism, and economic conservatism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 63, 1-11.
40. Perrin, A. J. (2005). Political microcultures: Linking civic life and democratic discourse. Social Forces, 84(2), 1049-1082.
41. Persell, C. H., Green, A., & Gurevich, L. (2001). Civil Society, Economic Distress and Social Tolerance. Sociological Forum, 16(2), 203-230.
42. Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
43. Pickering, P. M. (2006). Generating social capital for bridging ethnic divisions in the Balkans: Case studies of two Bosnaic cities. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(1), 79-103.
44. Putnam, R. (2000). The dark side of social capital. In R. Putnam (Ed.), Bowling alone. New York: Simon & Schuster.
45. Schuman, H., Steeh, C., Bobo, L., & Krysan, M. (1997). Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
46. Sigelman, L., Welch, S., Combs, M., & Bledsoe, T. (1996). Making contact? Black-White social interaction in an urban setting. American Journal of Sociology, 101, 1306-1332.
47. Stolle, D., & Rochon, T. R. (2001). Are all associations alike? In R. Edwards, M. W. Foley, & M. Diani (Eds.), Beyond Tocqueville: Civil society and the social capital debate in comparative perspective (pp. 143-156). Hanover, NH: Tufts University Press.
48. Stouffer, S. A. (1955). Communism, conformity and civil liberties. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
49. Uslaner, E. M. & Conley, R. S. (2003). Civic engagement and particularized trust: The ties that bind people to their ethnic communities. American Politics Research, 31(4), 331-360.
50. Warren, M. E. (2001). Democracy and associations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
51. Wilson, T. C. (1994). Trends in tolerance toward rightist and leftist groups, 1976-1988: Effects of attitude-change and cohort succession. Public Opinion Quarterly, 58(4), 539-556.