Contrasting changes between the northern and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystems associated with the collapse of groundfish stocks

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 56, Issue 21-22, 2009, Pages 2117-2131

  Morissette, Lyne ^a,b   Castonguay, Martin ^b   Savenkoff, Claude ^b   Swain, Douglas P ^c   Chabot, Denis ^b   Bourdages, Hugo ^b   Hammill, Mike O ^b   Mark Hanson, J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b MAURICE LAMONTAGNE INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c GULF FISHERIES CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Atlantic cod; Ecopath; Ecosystems; Fisheries; Gulf of St. Lawrence; Predator prey interactions

Indexed keywords

ATLANTIC COD; ECOPATH; ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; EMERGENT PROPERTY; FORAGE SPECIES; GLOBAL VIEW; GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE; INPUT DATAS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; MASS BALANCE; PELAGIC SPECIES; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; TEMPORAL CHANGE; TIME PERIODS; TROPHIC LEVEL;

FISHERIES; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

ECOSYSTEMS;

ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM MODELING; ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; MASS BALANCE; MORTALITY; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; STOCK ASSESSMENT; TEMPORAL PERIOD; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE;

GADUS MORHUA;

EID: 70349237142     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.023     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Allen K.R. Relation between production and biomass. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 28 (1971) 1573-1581
2. Anonymous, 1994. Report on the status of groundfish stocks in the Canadian northwest Atlantic. DFO Atlantic Fish Stocks Status Report 94/4.
3. Arias-González J.E., Delesalle B., Salvat B., and Galzin R. Trophic models of protected and unprotected coral reef ecosystems in the South of the Mexican Caribbean. Journal of Fish Biology 53 (1998) 236-255
4. Benoit, H., Swain, D.P., 2003. Standardizing the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence bottom trawl survey time series adjusting for changes in research vessel, gear and survey protocol. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2505.
5. Bowering W.R., and Lilly G.R. Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) off southern Labrador and northeastern Newfoundland (northwest Atlantic) feed primarily on capelin (Mallotus villosus). Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 29 (1992) 211-222
6. Chabot D., Stenson G.B., and Cadigan N.B. Short- and long-term fluctuations in the size and condition of harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) in the Northwest Atlantic. NAFO Scientific Council Studies 26 (1996) 15-32
7. Chouinard G.A., and Fréchet A. Fluctuations in the cod stocks of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. ICES Marine Science Symposia 198 (1994) 121-139
8. Chouinard, G.A., Sinclair, A.F., Swain, D.P., 2003. Factors implicated in the lack of recovery of southern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod since the early 1990s. ICES CM 2003/U:04.
9. Christensen V. Ecosystem maturity-towards quantification. Ecological Modelling 77 (1995) 3-32
10. Christensen V., and Pauly D. ECOPATH II-a software for balancing steady-state ecosystem models and calculating network characteristics. Ecological Modelling 61 (1992) 169-185
11. Christensen V., Walters C.J., and Pauly D. Ecopath with Ecosim: A User's Guide (2005), Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver
12. Cury P., Shannon L., and Shin Y.-J. The functioning of marine ecosystems: a fisheries perspective. In: Sinclair M., and Valdimarsson G. (Eds). Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem (2003), CAB International, Wallingford 103-123
13. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), 2000. Shrimp of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. DFO-Science, Stock Status Report C4-06.
14. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), 2001. Capelin of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. DFO-Science, Stock Status Report B4-03.
15. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), 2002. Gulf of St. Lawrence (4RST) Greenland halibut in 2001. DFO-Science, Stock Status Report A4-03.
16. Dutil J.-D., and Lambert Y. Natural mortality from poor condition in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57 (2000) 826-836
17. Dutil J.-D., Castonguay M., Gilbert D., and Gascon D. Growth, condition, and environmental relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and implications for management strategies in the Northwest Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56 (1999) 1818-1831
18. Fogarty M.J., and Murawski S.A. Large-scale disturbance and the structure of marine ecosystems: fisheries impacts on Georges Bank. Ecological Applications 8 (1998) S6-S22
19. Frank K.T., Carscadden J.E., and Simon J.E. Recent excursions of capelin (Mallotus villosus) on the Scotian Shelf and Flemish Cap during anomalous hydrographic conditions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53 (1996) 1473-1486
20. Fréchet, A., Gauthier, J., Schwab, P., Pageau, L., Savenkoff, C., Castonguay, M., Chabot, D., Tournois, C., Lussier, J.-F., Spingle, J., Collier, F., 2005. The status of cod in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (3Pn, 4RS) in 2004. DFO Canadian Stock Assessment Secretary Research Document 2005/60.
21. Gascon, D., Aparicio, M., Mercille, B., 1990. Estimations du mélange entre les stocks de morue du Nord du Golfe du Saint Laurent (Divisions 3Pn4RS) et les stocks adjacents (2J3KL, 3Ps, et 4TVn [Janvier-Avril]) à partir de résultats de marquage. CAFSAC Research Document 90/61.
22. Gilbert D., and Pettigrew B. Interannual variability (1948-1994) of the CIL core temperature in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54 Supplement 1 (1997) 57-67
23. Hammill M.O., and Stenson G.B. Estimated prey consumption by harp seals (Phoca grownlandica), hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Atlantic Canada. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 26 (2000) 1-23
24. Hammill M.O., Kingsley M.C.S., Beck G., and Smith T.G. Growth and condition in the Northwest Atlantic harp seal. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52 (1995) 478-488
25. Hanson J.M., and Lanteigne M. Results of an experimental shrimp fishery in Chaleur Bay, southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. North-American Journal of Fisheries Management 19 (1999) 713-723
26. Harley S.J., and Myers R.A. Hierarchical Bayesian models of length-specific catchability of research trawl surveys. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58 (2001) 1569-1584
27. Harris M. Lament for an Ocean: The Collapse of the Atlantic Cod Fishery: A True Crime Story (1998), McClellan & Stewart, Toronto
28. Heymans J.J., Guénette S., and Christensen V. Evaluating network analysis indicators of ecosystem status in the Gulf of Alaska. Ecosystems 10 (2007) 488-502
29. Hurlbut T., and Clay D. Morphometric and meristic differences between shallow- and deep-water populations of white hake (Urophycis tenuis) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55 (1998) 2274-2282
30. Hutchings J.A. Spatial and temporal variation in the density of northern cod and a review of hypotheses for the stock's collapse. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53 (1996) 943-962
31. Hutchings J.A., and Myers R.A. What can be learned from the collapse of a renewable resource? Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, of Newfoundland and Labrador. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51 (1994) 2126-2146
32. Jackson G.A., and Eldridge P.M. Food web analysis of a planktonic system off Southern California. Progress in Oceanography 30 (1992) 223-251
33. Leblanc, M.-J., 2003. Variations saisonnières en taille et en condition du phoque à capuchon (Cystophora cristata) dans le nord-ouest de l'Atlantique. M.Sc. Thesis, Université du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
34. Lilly G.R. Interannual variability in predation by cod (Gadus morhua) on capelin (Mallotus villosus) and other prey off southern Labrador and northeastern Newfoundland. ICES Marine Science Symposia 193 (1991) 133-146
35. Link J.S., and Garrison L.P. Changes in piscivory associated with fishing induced changes to the finfish community on Georges Bank. Fisheries Research 55 (2002) 71-86
36. May R.M. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems (2001), Princeton University Press, Princeton
37. Morissette, L., 2001. Modélisation écosystémique du nord du Golfe du Saint-Laurent. M.Sc. Thesis, Université du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
38. Morissette, L., 2007. Complexity, cost and quality of ecosystem models and their impact on resilience: a comparative analysis, with emphasis on marine mammals and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Ph.D. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
39. Morissette, L., Despatie, S.-P., Savenkoff, C., Hammill, M.O., Bourdages, H., Chabot, D., 2003. Data gathering and input parameters to construct ecosystem models for the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (mid-1980s). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2497.
40. Morissette L., Hammill M.O., and Savenkoff C. The trophic role of marine mammals in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Marine Mammal Science 22 (2006) 74-103
41. Ni I.-H. Meristic variation in beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella and S. fasciatus, in the Northwest Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39 (1982) 1664-1685
42. Niquil N., Jackson G.A., Legendre L., and Delasalle B. Inverse model analysis of the planktonic food web of Takapoto Atoll (French Polynesia). Marine Ecology Progress Series 165 (1998) 17-29
43. Odum E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology (1971), W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia
44. Pauly D., and Maclean J. In a Perfect Ocean: The State of Fisheries and Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean (2003), Island Press, Washington
45. Pauly D., Christensen V., Dalsgaard J., Froese R., and Torres Jr. F. Fishing down marine food webs. Science 279 (1998) 860-863
46. Pérez-España H., and Arreguín-Sánchez F. A measure of ecosystem maturity. Ecological Modelling 119 (1999) 79-85
47. Pimm S.L. Food Webs (1982), Chapman & Hall, London
48. Pitt T.K. Food of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) from the Grand Bank, Newfoundland. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 30 (1973) 1261-1273
49. Quinn G.P., and Keough M.J. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists (2002), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
50. Rice, J., Rivard, D., 2003. Proceedings of the zonal assessment meeting-Atlantic cod. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Proceedings Series. 2003/021. 133p.
51. Ricker W.E. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 191 (1975)
52. Roy S., Silverberg N., Romero N., Deibel D., Klein B., Savenkoff C., Vézina A.F., Tremblay J.-E., Legendre L., and Rivkin R.B. Importance of mesozooplankton feeding for the downward flux of biogenic carbon in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). Deep-Sea Research II 47 (2000) 519-544
53. Savenkoff, C., Bourdages, H., Castonguay, M., Morissette, L., Chabot, D., Hammill, M.O., 2004a. Input data and parameter estimates for ecosystem models of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (mid-1990s). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2531.
54. Savenkoff, C., Bourdages, H., Swain, D.P., Despatie, S.-P., Hanson, J.M., Méthot, R., Morissette, L., Hammill, M.O., 2004b. Input data and parameter estimates for ecosystem models of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (mid-1980s and mid-1990s). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2529.
55. Savenkoff C., Castonguay M., Vézina A.F., Despatie S.-P., Chabot D., Morissette L., and Hammill M.O. Inverse modelling of trophic flows through an entire ecosystem: the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence in the mid-1980s. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61 (2004) 2194-2214
56. Savenkoff C., Castonguay M., Chabot D., Hammill M.O., Bourdages H., Morissette L., and Hammill M.O. Changes in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystem estimated by inverse modeling: evidence of a fishery-induced regime shift?. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science 73 (2007) 711-724
57. Savenkoff C., Swain D.P., Hanson J.M., Castonguay M., Hammill M.O., Bourdages H., Morissette L., and Chabot D. Effects of fishing and predation in a heavily exploited ecosystem: comparing pre- and post-groundfish collapse periods in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). Ecological Modelling 204 (2007) 115-128
58. Shannon L.J., Moloney C.L., Jarre A., and Field J.G. Trophic flows in the southern Benguela during the 1980s and 1990s. Journal of Marine Systems 39 (2003) 83-116
59. Shelton P.A., Sinclair A.F., Chouinard G.A., Mohn R., and Duplisea D.E. Fishing under low productivity conditions is further delaying recovery of Northwest Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63 (2006) 235-238
60. Sinclair A.F., and Murawski S.A. Why have groundfish stocks declined?. In: Boreman J., Nakashima B.S., Wilson J.A., and Kendall R.L. (Eds). Northwest Atlantic Groundfish: Perspectives on a Fishery Collapse (1997), American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD 71-93
61. Strain, P.M., 1988 (Ed.). Chemical oceanography in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 220.
62. Swain D.P., and Sinclair A.F. Pelagic fishes and the cod recruitment dilemma in the Northwest Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57 (2000) 1321-1325
63. Swain D.P., Frank K.T., and Maillet G. Delineating stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Cabot Strait areas using vertebral number. ICES Journal of Marine Research 58 (2001) 253-269
64. Therriault, J.-C., 1991 (Ed.). The Gulf of St. Lawrence: small ocean or big estuary? Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 113.
65. Trites A.W., Christensen V., and Pauly D. Competition between fisheries and marine mammals for prey and primary production in the Pacific Ocean. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 22 (1997) 173-187
66. Trites A.W., Livingston P., Mackinson S., Vasconcellos M., Springer A., and Pauly D. Ecosystem change and the decline of marine mammals in the eastern Bering Sea: testing the ecosystem shift and the commercial whaling hypothesis. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 7 1 (1999)
67. Ulanowicz R.E. Growth and Development: Ecosystem Phenomenology (1986), Springer, New York
68. Ulanowicz R.E. Toward the measurement of ecological integrity. In: Pimentel D., Westra L., and Noss R.F. (Eds). Ecological Integrity: Integrating Environment, Conservation, and Health (2000), Island Press, Washington, DC 99-113
69. Ulanowicz R.E., and Puccia C.J. Mixed trophic impacts in ecosystems. Coenoses 5 (1990) 7-16
70. Vasconcellos V., Mackinson S., Sloman K., and Pauly D. The stability of trophic mass-balance models of marine ecosystems: a comparative analysis. Ecological Modelling 100 (1997) 125-143
71. Vézina A.F., and Platt T. Food web dynamics in the ocean. I. Best-estimates of flow networks using inverse methods. Marine Ecology Progress Series 42 (1988) 269-287
72. Vézina A.F., and Savenkoff C. Inverse modeling of carbon and nitrogen flows in the pelagic food web of the Northeast Subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 46 (1999) 2909-2939
73. Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed (1998), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ