Radar glint-a survey

Electromagnetics

Volumn 4, Issue 2-3, 1984, Pages 205-227

  Wright, James W ^a  

^a 4811 Bradford Blvd ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349236209     PISSN: 02726343     EISSN: 1532527X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02726348408908114     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. R.H. Delano, Angular Scintillation of Radar Targets with Monopulse and Interferometer Target Seekers, Technical Memorandum No. 257, Hughes Aircraft Company, Loa Angeles, CA, 1 Nov 50.
2. J.E. Meade, A.E. Hastings and H.L. Gervin, Noise in Tracking Radars, NRL Report No. 3759, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Nov 50.
3. C.E. BrocknerAngular Jitter in Conventional Conical-Scanning Automatic Tracking Radar Systems,” Proc of IRE, Vol 39, Jan 51, pp 51-55.
4. R.B. Muchmore, Theoretical Scintillation Spectra, Technical Memo No. 271, Hughes Aircraft Company, Los Angeles, CA, 1 Mar 62.
5. R.H. DelanoA Theory of Target Glint or Angular Scintillation in Radar Tracking,” Proc of IRE, Vol 41, Dec 53, pp 1778-1784.
6. R.B. Feagin, R.B. Watson, and J.M. Norwood, Detailed Data Reduction Procedure for Airborne N-Polnt Target Backseattering, Military Physics Research Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 30 Mar 55.
7. J.E. MeadeTarget Considerations,” in Guidance, by A.S. Locke, et al, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Chapter 11, 1955, pp 420-422.
8. R.H. Delano and I. PfefferThe Effect of AGC on Radar Tracking Noise,” Proc of IRE, Vol 44, Jun 56, pp 801-810.
9. A.J. Stecca, N.V. O’Neal and J.J. Freeman, A Target Simulator, NRL Report No. 4694, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Feb 56.
10. B.L. Lewis, A.J. Stecca, and D.D. Howard, The Effect of an Automatic Gain Control on the Tracking Performance of a Monopulse Radar, NRL Report No. 4796, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Jul 56.
11. A.J. Stecca and N.V. O’Neal, Target Noise Simulator-Closed-Loop Tracking, NRL Report No. 4770, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Jul 56.
12. F.C. Weimer and L. Peters, Jr., Study of Pointing Errors in Conically Scanning and Monopulse Tracking Radars for Multipoint Target, Antenna Laboratory Report 601-612, Ohio State University Research Foundation, 15 Oct 56 (AD 123 476).
13. B.L. Lewis and D.D. Howard, Radar Tracking Noise in Theory and Practice, NRL Report 4830, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., Nov 56.
14. D. Lewis, On Tracking Radar Systema and the Target Phase Center, Antenna Laboratory Report 777-4, Ohio State University Research Foundation, 15 Sep 58 (AD 211 187).
15. J.H. Dunn and D.D. HowardThe Effects of the Automatic Gain Control Performance on the Tracking Accuracy of Monopulse Radar Systems,” Proc of IRE, Vol 47, Mar 59, pp 430-435.
16. J.H. Dunn, D.D. Howard, and A.M. KingPhenomena of Scintillation Noi6e in Radar Tracking Syetema,” Proc of IRE, Vol 47, May 59, pp 855-863.
17. D.D. HowardRadar Target Angular Scintillation In Tracking and Guidance Systems Based on Echo Signal Phase Front Distortion,” Proc of NEC, Vol 15, Oct 59, pp 840-849 (Also NRL Report No. 5430, 23 Dec 59) [see note 1].
18. R.B. MuchmoreAircraft Scintillation Spectra,” IRE Trans on AP, AP-8, Mar 60, pp 201-212.
19. L. Peters, Jr., and F.C. WeimerConcerning the Assumption of Random Distribution of Scattcrers as a Model of an Aircraft for Tracking Radars,” IRE Trans on AP, AP-9, Jan 61, pp 110-111.
20. R.B. MuchmoreReply to Comments by Leon Peters, Jr. and F.C. Welmer,” IRE Trans on AP, AP-9, Jan 61, pp 112-13.
21. R.H. DelsnoFurther Reply to Comments by L. Peters and F.C. Weimers,” IRE Trans on AP, AP-9, Mar 61, pp 227-228.
22. L. Peters, Jr. and F.C. WeimersReply to Comments by R.H. Delano,” IRE Trans on AP, AP-9, Mar 61, p 228
23. L. Peters, Jr. and F.C. WeimerReply to Comments by R.B. Muchmore,” IRE Trans on AP, AP-9, Mar 61, p 229.
24. M.I. Skolnlk, Introduction to Radar Systems, Chapter 5, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962.
25. W.P. Berkemeier and N.D. WallaceRadar Tracking Accuracy Improvement by Means of Pulse to Pulse Frequency Modulation,” AIEE Trans (Commun. Electron.), Vol 81, pp 571-575, Jan 63 [see note 2].
26. L.H. Kosowsky, S.S. Brody, L. Chanzit and S. SaslovskyThe Reduction of Angle of Arrival Scintillation by a Frequency Shifting Technique,” Proc of NEC, Vol 19, 1963, pp 52-71 [Bee note 2].
27. L. Peters, Jr. and F.C. WeimerTracking Radars for Complex Targets,” Proc of IEE(GB), Vol 110, Dec 63, pp 2149-2162.
28. D.K. Barton, Radar Systems Analysis, Chapter 3, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1964.
29. T.S. EdringtonThe Amplitude Statistics of Aircraft Radar Echoes,” IEEE Trans on Military Electronics, MIL-9, Jan 65, pp 10-16.
30. N.S. GuboninFluctuations of the Fhase Front of a Wave Reflected from a Complex Target,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Fhysics (USSR), Vol 10, May 65, pp 718-725.
31. H.A. Corriher, Jr. and B.O. Pyron,”A Bibliography of Articles on Radar Reflectivity and Related Subjects: 1957-1964", Proc of IEEE, Vol 53, Aug 65, pp 1025-1064.
32. E.A. ShtagerScattering of Short Electromagnetic Waves by an Oscillating Body of Complex Shape,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Fhysics (USSR), Vol 10, 1965, pp 1309-1311.
33. J.E. Lindsay, Angle Glint and the Moving Targee, AMRAD Memo 89, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Buffalo, NY, 6 Dec 65.
34. R.V. OstrovityanovAngular Noiae,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Physics (USSR), Vol 11, Apr 66, pp 507-515.
35. H. RayImproving Radar Range and Angle Detection with Frequency Agility,” Microwave Journal, May 66, pp 63-68.
36. J.W. MollOn the Radar Echo from Aircraft,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-3, May 67, pp 574-577.
37. J.T. Coleman and F.W. Someroski, A Survey and Analysis of Radar Glint as Applied to Air Defense Missile System Design, Technical Report RS1C-699, Redstone Scientific Information Center, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 11 Aug 67.
38. S.L. Borison, Biased Velocity Estimates Due to Phase Center Motion, Technical Note 1967-35, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, HA, Sep 67.
39. F.A. Basalov and R.V. OstrovityanovThe Effects of Signal Polarization on Angular Noise Characteristics,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Physics (USSR), Vol 12, Dec 67, pp 2221-2223.
40. L. Peters, Jr., Accuracy of Tracking Radar Systems, Antenna Laboratory Report 601-29, Ohio State University, Dec 67.
41. J.E. LindsayAngular Glint and che Moving, Rotating, Complex Target,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-4, Mar 68, pp 164-173.
42. G. LindReduction of Radar Tracking Errors with Frequency Agility,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-4, May 68, pp 410-416 [see note 2].
43. J.H. Dunn and D.D. Howard, Radar Target Amplitude, Angle and Doppler.
44. Scintillation from Analysis of the Echo Signal Propagating in Space,” IEEE Trans on MTT, MTT-16, Sep 68, pp 715-728.
45. R.A. Ross and M.E. BechtelScattering Center Theory and Radar Glint Analysis,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-4, Sep 68, pp 756-762.
46. G.T. Munsterman, Near Field Glint at X and Ka Bands, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns-Hopkins University, 1968 (AD 502 862).
47. J.W. Crispin and K.M. Siegel, editors, Methods of Radar Cross Section Analysis, Academic Press, 1968.
48. M.L. VarshavchikStatistical Characteristics of a Signal Scattered by an Extended Oscillating Body,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Physics (USSR), Vol 13, 1968, pp 1531-1534.
49. M.L. VarshavchikStatistical Characteristics of a Signal Amplitude, Angles and Phase Characteristics of Signals Scattered by a Complex Target,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Physics (USSR), Vol L4, 1969, pp 70-76.
50. R.J. Sims and E.R. Graf, The Determination of Glint for a Complex Radar Target, Final Report Vol III, Auburn University, Engineering Experiment Station, Jul 69.
51. R. VazquezThe Effects of Rotation of a Two-Point Scatterer on Coherent Acceleration Measurements,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-9, Nov 69, pp 1011-1012.
52. F.E. Nathaneon, Radar Design Principles, Chapter 5, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1969.
53. P.F. GuarguagllniTracking Errors in a Frequency Agile System" in AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 66 on Advanced Radar Systems, 25-29 May 70, pp 9-11 [see note 2].
54. R.V. Ostrovityanov and F.A. BasalovThe Correlation Function and the excursions of the Angular Noise,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Physics (USSR), Vol 15, 1970, pp 1511-1513.
55. J.H. Dunn and D.D. HowardTarget Noise,” Chapter 28, Radar Handbook, M.I. Skolnik, editor, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1970.
56. N.S. Gubonin and V.V. ChapurskyCovariance Matrix of Coordinate Fluctuations of the Instantaneous Radar Center of a Group of Reflectors,” Radio Engineering and Electronic Physics (USSR), Vol 16, 1971, pp 42-48.
57. G.W. EwellManapulse Antenna Performance when Receiving Nonuniform Waves,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-7, May 71, pp 561-564.
58. G.W. Ewell, N.T. Alexander, and E.L. Tomberlin, Investigation of the Effects of Polarization Agility on Monopulse Radar Angle Tracking, Final Technical Report, Vol 1, Georgia Institute of Technology, Engineering Experiment Station, Atlanta, GA, Jun 71.
59. R.J. Sims and E.R. GrafThe Reduction of Radar Glint by Diversity Techniques,” IEEE Tran6 on AP, AP-19, Jul 71, pp 462-468 [see note 2]
60. J.W. WrightModeling of the Radar Scattering Characteristics of Air craft,” Proc of NEC, Vol 27, 9-11 Oct 72, pp 232-236.
61. E.R. Graf and H.T. Nagle, Frequency Diversity and Signal Processing to Reduce Glint Pointing Errors, Technical Report No. 1 (DA-AH01-71-C-1303), Auburn University, 30 Jun 72.
62. G LindA Simple Approximate Formula for Glint Improvement with Frequency Agility,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-8, Nov 72, pp 854-855.
63. J.W. Wright and A.H. Haddad, On the Statistical Modeling of Radar Targets, Technical Report RE-72-19, Advanced Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Missile R D 6 E Laboratory, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, Nov 72.
64. R.B. MuchmoreFrequency of Line of Sight Signal Scintillations,” IEEE Trans on AP, AP-21, Jan 73, pp 46-51.
65. G.A. Gordon and S.J. OhA Theory of Tracking for a Dynamic Radar Scat- terer Ensemble,” IEEE Trans on AC, AC-18, Apr 73, pp 91-97.
66. G.M. SiourisNol6e Processes in a Homing Radar Seeker,” Nachrichtentechn, Z., Val 7, 1973, p 321.
67. S.A. WoolcockUse of Radio Modeling Data,” in Determination and Use of Radar Scattering Data, AGARD Lecture Series 59, NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 1973.
68. L.A. NichollsRapid Determination of Glint Spectral Parameters for a Symmetrical Two-Complex Source Target,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-10, Mar 74, pp 288-290.
69. J.M. Loomis, and E.R. GrafFrequency Agility Processing to Reduce Radar Glint Pointing Error,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-10, Nov 74, pp 811-820 [see note 2]
70. V.C. SobolevskiAccurate Computer Models of Radio Echoing Characteristics of Complex Targets Using Spectral Analysis of Measured Data,” IEEE: Radar, Present and Future, Conference Publications 105, 1974, pp 245-250.
71. Radar Signature Measurements of BQM-34A and BQM-34F Target Drones, Air Force Special Weapons Center, Klrtland Air Force Base, NM, Report No. AFSWC-TR-74-01, 1974.
72. J.W. Wright, On the Statistical Analysis of the Radar Signature of the MQM-34D, Interim Report Number 1, Technical Report RE-75-7, Advanced Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 20 Oct 74, (AD A002602) (see note 3).
73. G.A. GordonMonopulse Estimation of Che Centroid of an Ensemble of Radar Scatterere,” IEEE Trane on AES, AES-li, Jan 75, p 94.
74. J.W. Wright, On the Statistical Analysis of the Radar Signature of the MQM-34D, Interim Report Number 2, Technical Report RE 75-13, Advanced Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 31 Jan 75 (AD A007 765).
75. J.W. Wright, On the Statistical Analysis of the Radar Signature of the MQM-34D, Interim Report Number 3, Technical Report RE 75-21, Advanced Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 20 Mar 75 (AD AO12 850).
76. D.C. Cross and J.E. EvansTarget Generated Range Errors,” IEEE International Radar Conference Record, 21-23, Apr 75.
77. J.W. Wright, On the Statistical Analysis of the Radar Signature of the MQM-34D, Interim Report Number 4, Technical Report RE 75-25, Advanced Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 1 May 75 (AD A014 150).
78. L.A. NichollsUse of Zero Counting for Estimating the Zero Frequency Spectral Density of Radar Glint for Known Target Types,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-11, Jul 75, pp 644-647.
79. L.A. NichollsReduction of Radar Glint for Complex Targets by Use of Frequency Agility,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-ll, Jul 75, pp 647-649.
80. J.W. Wright, Some Considerations for Radar Guided Air Defense Systems, Technical Report RE-76-10, Advanced Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Missile R D & E Laboratory, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 15 Sep 75.
81. D.D. HowardHigh Range Resolution Monopulse Tracking Radar,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-11, Sep 75, pp 749-755.
82. J.H. Landreth, Simulation of a Radar Tracking a Glinting Aircraft in a Multipath Environment, ITT Gilfillan, 7821 Orion Ave, Van Nuys, CA 91406, Jun 76.
83. D.D. HowardPredicting Target Caused Errors In Radar Measurements,” Proc of IEEE EASCON ’76, Sep 76, p 661.
84. M.L. Mumford, Studies of Radar Glint, NWC Technical Memorandum 3222, Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA 93555, Oct 77.
85. R.L. Mitchell and W. Lank, Another Method of Generating Clint, Technical Note 105-032, RF Systems Branch, Systems Simulation Directorate, Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 30 Dec 77 (AD A089 566).
86. E.K. Miller and A.J. PoggioMoment Method Techniques in Electromagnetics from an Applications Point of View,” in Electromagnetic Scattering, P.L.E. Uslenghl, editor, Academic Press, NY, 1978.
87. P.Z. Peebles and M. ReedRadar Glint Spectra for Targets Maneuvering in Two Coordinates,” Proc of IEEE SOUTHEASTCON ’80, Apr 80, pp 50-53.
88. A.J. Cecere, R.A. Padgug, M.D. Burns and M.E. Bechtel, Target Glint Suppression Technology, Report No. RADC-TR-80-303, Final Technical Report, Rome Air Development Center, Air Force Systems Command, Criffiss Air Force Base, NY, 13441, Sep 80 (AD A093 155).
89. D.A. HedlandTracking Radar Performance in Presence of Scintillation,” Proc of IEEE NAECON ’80, Vol 2, 1980, pp 733-738.
90. A.K. JainGenerating Statistically Correlated Clint and RCS for Empirically Based RF Target Models,” Proc of IEEE SOUTHEASTCON T81, Apr 81, pp 873-875.
91. A.K. Jain, A New Stochastic Model for Generating Correlated Glint and RCS for Distributed Targets, RFSS Technical Report 104-020, RF Systems Branch, Systems Simulation Directorate, Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35897, 1981 (AD B060 079).
92. M.P. Jordan, Range Clint Effects for Homing Interceptor Miss Distance, Technical Report 642, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, 26 Apr 83.
93. F.W. Nesline and P. ZarchanLine of Sight Reconstruction for Faster Homing Guidance,” AIAA Guidance and Control Conference, Gatlinburg, TN, August 15-17, 83, pp 67-74.
94. B.H. Borden and M.L. MumfordA Statistical Clint/Radar Cross Section Target Model,” IEEE Trans on AES, AES-19, Sep 83, pp 781-785.
95. D.K. Barton, ed., Artech House, Dedham, MA 02026, 1975.