CD4 Responses in the setting or suboptimal virological responses to antiretroviral therapy: Features, outcomes, and associated factors

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Volumn 25, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 647-655

  Collazos, Julio ^a   Asensi, Víctor ^b   Cartón, José Antonio ^b  

^a HOSPITAL DE GALDAKAO   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO CENTRAL DE ASTURIAS   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NELFINAVIR; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HETEROSEXUALITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRUS LOAD;

ADULT; ANTIGENS, CD4; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; FEMALE; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS; HUMANS; MALE; NELFINAVIR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 70349216956     PISSN: 08892229     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/aid.2008.0098     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Torti C, Quiros-Roldan E, Scudeller L, et al.: Characterization of viro-immunological responses in a closely followed cohort of heavily pretreated patients: Evidence from the Gen-PheRex Study. HIV Med 2003;4:263-270.
2. Wood E, Hogg RS, Yip B, et al.: "Discordant" increases in CD4 cell count relative to plasma viral load in a closely followed cohort of patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002;30:159-166.
3. Jevtovic D, Salemovic D, Ranin J, Pesic I, Zerjav S, and Djurkovic-Djakovic O: The dissociation between virological and immunological responses to HAART. Biomed Pharmacother 2005;59:446-451.
4. Marimoutou C, Chene G, MercieP, et al.: Prognostic factors of combined viral load and CD4 +cell count responses under triple antiretroviral therapy, Aquitaine cohort, 1996- 1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;27:161-167.
5. Molina-Pinelo S, Leal M, Soriano-Sarabia N, et al.: Prevalence and factors involved in discordant responses to highly active antiretroviral treatment in a closely followed cohort of treatment-naive HIV-infected patients. J Clin Virol 2005;33:110-115.
6. Tuboi SH, Brinkhof MW, Egger M, et al.: Discordant responses to potent antiretroviral treatment in previously naive HIV-1-infected adults initiating treatment in resource-constrained countries: The antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries (ART-LINC) collaboration. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;45:52-59.
7. Moore DM, Hogg RS, Yip B, et al.: Discordant immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy are associated with increased mortality and poor adherence to therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;40: 288-293.
8. Nicastri E, Chiesi A, Angeletti C, et al.: Clinical outcome after 4 years follow-up of HIV-seropositive subjects with incomplete virologic or immunologic response to HAART. J Med Virol 2005;76:153-160.
9. Grabar S, Le Moing V, Goujard C, et al.: Clinical outcome of patients with HIV-1 infection according to immunologic and virologic response after 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:401-410.
10. Piketty C, Weiss L, Thomas F, Mohamed AS, Belec L, and Kazatchkine MD: Long-term clinical outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with discordant immunologic and virologic responses to a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. J Infect Dis 2001;183:1328-1335.
11. Mehta SH, Lucas G, Astemborski J, Kirk GD, Vlahov D, and Galai N: Early immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy and subsequent disease progression among HIV-infected injection drug users. AIDS Care 2007;19:637-645.
12. Piketty C, Castiel P, Belec L, et al.: Discrepant responses to triple combination antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease. AIDS 1998;12:745-750.
13. Collazos J, Asensi V, and Carton JA: Factors associated with poor immunologic responses despite viral suppression in markedly immunosuppressed patients. AIDS Pat Care STDS 2007;21:378-384.
14. Knobel H, Alonso J, Casado JL, et al.: Validation of a simplified medication adherence questionnaire in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients: The GEEMA study. AIDS 2002; 16:605-613.
15. Dronda F, Moreno S, Moreno A, Casado JL, Perez-Elias MJ, and Antela A: Long-term outcomes among antiretroviralnaive human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with small increases in CD4 +cell counts after successful virologic suppression. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1005-1009.
16. Lecossier D, Bouchonnet F, Schneider P, Clavel F, and Hance AJ: Discordant increases in CD4 +T cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients experiencing virologic treatment failure: Role of changes in thymic output and T cell death. J Infect Dis 2001;183:1009-1016.
17. Marchetti G, Gori A, Casabianca A, et al.: Comparative analysis of T-cell turnover and homeostatic parameters in HIV-infected patients with discordant immune-virological responses to HAART. AIDS 2006;20:1727-1736.
18. Fessel WJ, Krowka JF, Sheppard HW, et al.: Dissociation of immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;23: 314-320.
19. Sufka SA, Ferrari G, Gryszowka VE, et al.: Prolonged CD4 +cell=virus load discordance during treatment with protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy: Immune response and viral control. J Infect Dis 2003;187: 1027-1037.
20. Deeks SG, Barbour JD, Grant RM, and Martin JN: Duration and predictors of CD4 T-cell gains in patients who continue combination therapy despite detectable plasma viremia. AIDS 2002;16:201-207.
21. Kaufmann GR, Bloch M, Finlayson R, Zaunders J, Smith D, and Cooper DA: The extent of HIV-1-related immunodeficiency and age predict the long-term CD4 T lymphocyte response to potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2002;16:359-367.
22. Cozzi Lepri A, Phillips AN, d'Arminio Monforte A, et al.: When to start highly active antiretroviral therapy in chronically HIV-infected patients: Evidence from the ICONA study. AIDS 2001;15:983-990.
23. Kaufmann GR, Perrin L, Pantaleo G, et al.: CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery in individuals with advanced HIV-1 infection receiving potent antiretroviral therapy for 4 years. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 2003;163: 2187-2195.
24. Collazos J, Knobel H, and Casado JL: CD4 count and viral load time-courses in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and association with the CDC staging system. HIV Med 2006;7:504-513.
25. Greub G, Ledergerber B, Battegay M, et al.: Clinical progression, survival, and immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus coinfection: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lancet 2000;356:1800-1805.
26. De Luca A, Bugarini R, Lepri AC, et al.: Coinfection with hepatitis viruses and outcome of initial antiretroviral regimens in previously naive HIV-infected subjects. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2125-2132.
27. Antonucci G, Girardi E, Cozzi-Lepri A, et al.: Role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia and HCV genotype in the immune recovery from highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:e101-e109.
28. Nunez M, Soriano V, Lopez M, et al.: Coinfection with hepatitis C virus increases lymphocyte apoptosis in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1209-1212.
29. Anderson KB, Guest JL, and Rimland D: Hepatitis C virus coinfection increases mortality in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: Data from the HIV Atlanta VA Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1507-1513.
30. Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Teshale EH, Wotring LL, and Brooks JT: Effect of hepatitis C infection on progression of HIV disease and early response to initial antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2006;20:1171-1179.
31. Balotta C, Facchi G, Violin M, et al.: Increasing prevalence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains in heterosexual men and women, as monitored by analysis of reverse transcriptase and protease sequences. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;27:499-505.
32. Wood E, Hogg RS, Yip B, et al.: Rates of antiretroviral resistance among HIV-infected patients with and without a history of injection drug use. AIDS 2005;19:1189-1195.
33. Hessol NA and Palacio H: Gender, ethnicity and transmission category variation in HIV disease progression. AIDS 1996;10(Suppl. A):S69-S74.
34. Anastos K, Gange SJ, Lau B, et al.: Association of race and gender with HIV-1 RNA levels and immunologic progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;24:218-226.
35. Fleishman JA, Gebo KA, Reilly ED, et al.: Hospital and outpatient health services utilization among HIV-infected adults in care 2000-2002. Med Care 2005;43(Suppl. 9): III40-52.
36. Dray-Spira R and Lert F: Social health inequalities during the course of chronic HIV disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2003;17:283-290.
37. Davidson AJ, Bertram SL, Lezotte DC, et al.: Comparison of health status, socioeconomic characteristics, and knowledge and use of HIV-related resources between HIV-infected women and men. Med Care 1998;36:1676-1684.
38. Schuurman R, Descamps D, Weverling GJ, et al.: Multicenter comparison of three commercial methods for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:3016-3022.