Tick-borne relapsing fever in a new highland endemic focus of western Iran

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology

Volumn 103, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 529-537

  Moemenbellah Fard, M D ^a   Benafshi, O ^b   Rafinejad, J ^c   Ashraf, H ^d  

^a SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b KURDISTAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^d Section of Invertebrate Biodiversity and Genetic Resources   (Iran)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARGAS; ARGAS PERSICUS; ARGAS REFLEXUS; ARTICLE; AUTUMN; BLOOD SAMPLING; BORRELIA; BORRELIA INFECTION; BORRELIA PERSICA; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; ENDEMIC DISEASE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION (SPECIES); GROUPS BY AGE; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; IRAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROSCOPY; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; ORNITHODOROS LAHORENSIS; ORNITHODOROS THOLOZANI; PARASITE VECTOR; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; RURAL AREA; SCHOOL CHILD; SUMMER; SYRIAN HAMSTER; TICK; TICK BORNE DISEASE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMALS; ARGASIDAE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CRICETINAE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENDEMIC DISEASES; HOUSING; HUMANS; INFANT; IRAN; MICE; PREVALENCE; RELAPSING FEVER; SEASONS; TICK INFESTATIONS; YOUNG ADULT;

ARGAS PERSICUS; ARGASIDAE; BORRELIA; BORRELIA PERSICA; IXODIDA; MESOCRICETUS AURATUS; ORNITHODOROS; SPIROCHAETES;

EID: 70349164104     PISSN: 00034983     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/136485909X451852     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Aghighi, Z., Asmar, M., Piazak, N., Javadian, E., Seyedi-Rashti, M. A., Kia, E. B., Rassi, Y. & Vatandoost, H. (2007). Distribution of soft ticks and their natural infection with Borrelia in a focus of relapsing fever in Iran. Iranian Journal of Arthropodborne Diseases, 1, 14-18.
2. Arshi, S., Majidpoor, A., Sadeghi, H., Asmar, M., Emdadi, D. & Derakhshan, M. H. (2002). Relapsing fever in Ardabil: a northwestern province of Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 5, 141-145. (Pubitemid 35314983)
3. Barbour, A. G. (2005). Relapsing fever. In Tick-borne Diseases of Humans, eds Goodman, J. L., Dennis, D. T. & Sonenshine, D. E. pp. 268-291. Washington: American Society of Microbiology.
4. Bodman, R. I. & Stewart, I. S. (1948). Louse-borne relapsing fever in Persia. British Medical Journal, I, 291-292.
5. Brown, R. N., Lane, R. S. & Dennis, D. T. (2005). Geographic distributions of tick-borne diseases and their vectors. In Tick-borne Diseases of Humans, eds Goodman J. L., Dennis, D. T. & Sonenshine, D. E. pp. 363-391. Washington: American Society of Microbiology.
6. Calia, K. E. & Calia, F. M. (2000). Tickborne relapsing fever. In Tickborne Infectious Diseases: Diagnosis and Management, ed. Cunha, B. A. pp. 169-183. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
7. Chohan, I. S. (1967). Tick-borne relapsing fever in Kashmir: mice inoculation - a diagnostic method of choice. Indian Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 10, 289-294.
8. Cutler, S. J. (2006). Possibilities for relapsing fever reemergence. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12, 369-374.
9. Dennis, D.T. & Hayes, E. B. (2005). Relapsing fever. In Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edn, eds Braunwald, E., Hauser, S. L. & Fauci, A. S. pp. 991-995. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
10. Dworkin, M. S., Shoemaker, P. C., Fritz, C. L., Dowell, M. E. & Anderson Jr, D. E. (2002). The epidemiology of tick-borne relapsing fever in the United States. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 66, 753-758. (Pubitemid 35001050)
11. Dworkin, M. S., Schwan, T. G., Anderson Jr, D. E. & Borchardt, S. M. (2008). Tick-borne relapsing fever. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 22, 449-468.
12. Estrada-Peñ a, A., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J. L. & Walker, A. R. (2004). Ticks of Domestic Animals in Mediterranean Region. A Guide to Identification of Species. London: Bioscience Reports.
13. Flatau, E., Reichman, N., Elias, M. & Raz, R. (2000). Malaria and Borrelia co-infection. Journal of Travel Medicine, 7, 98-99.
14. Hasin, T., Davidovitch, N., Cohen, R., Dagan, T., Romem, A., Orr, N., Klement, E., Lubezky, N., Kayouf, R., Sela, T., Keller, N., Derazne, E., Halperin, T., Yavzori, M., Grotto, I. & Cohen, D. (2006). Postexposure treatment with doxycycline for the prevention of tick-borne relapsing fever. New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 148-155. (Pubitemid 44050396)
15. Janbakhsh, B. & Ardelan, A. (1977). The nature of sporadic cases of relapsing fever in Kazeroon area, southern Iran. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 70, 587-589. (Pubitemid 8391779)
16. Karimi, Y., Hovind-Hougen, K., Birch-Andersen, A. & Asmar, M. (1979). Borrelia persica and B. baltazardi sp. nov.: experimental pathogenicity of some animals and comparison of the ultrastructure. Annals of Microbiology, 130B, 157-168. (Pubitemid 10173231)
17. Kisinza, W. N., McCall, P. J., Mitani, H., Talbert, A. & Fukunaga, M. (2003). A newly identified tick-borne Borrelia species and relapsing fever in Tanzania. Lancet, 362, 1283-1284. (Pubitemid 37324257)
18. Masoumi Asl, H., Goya, M. M., Vatandoost, H., Zahraei, S. M., Mafi, M., Asmar, M., Piazak, N. & Aghighi, Z. (2009). The epidemiology of tick-borne relapsing fever in Iran during 1997-2006. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 7, 160-164.
19. McCall, P. J. (2001). Tick-borne relapsing fever. In The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections, ed. Service, M. W. pp. 513-516. Wallingford, U.K.: CABI Publishing.
20. McCall, P. J., Hume, J. C. C., Motshegwa, K., Pignatelli, P., Talbert, A. & Kisinza, W. (2007). Does tick-borne relapsing fever have an animal reservoir in East Africa? Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 7, 659-666.
21. Nordstrand, A., Bunikis, I., Larsson, C., Tsogbe, K., Schwan, T. G., Nilsson, M. & Bergstrom, S. (2007). Tickborne relapsing fever diagnosis obscured by malaria, Togo. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13, 117-123.
22. Parola, P. & Raoult, D. (2001). Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32, 897-928. (Pubitemid 32524824)
23. Piesman, J. & Gage, K. L. (2004). Bacterial and rickettsial diseases. In Medical Entomology: a Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems caused by Arthropods, 2nd Edn, eds Eldridge, B. F. & Edman, J. D. pp. 377-413. London: Kluwer Academic.
24. Pouladfar, G. R., Alborzi, A. & Pourabbas, B. (2008). Tick-borne relapsing fever, a neglected cause of fever in Fars province. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 33, 177-179.
25. Rebaudet, S. & Parola, P. (2006). Epidemiology of relapsing fever borreliosis in Europe. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 48, 11-15. (Pubitemid 44379214)
26. Roscoe, C. & Epperly, T. (2005). Tick-borne relapsing fever. American Family Physician, 72, 2039-2044.
27. Talbert, A., Nyange, A. &Molteni, F. (1998). Spraying tick-infested houses with lambda-cyhalothrin reduces the incidence of tick-borne relapsing fever in children under five years old. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 251-253.
28. Trape, J. F., Godeluck, B., Diatta, G., Rogier, C., Legros, F., Albergel, J., Pepin, Y. & Duplantier, J. M. (1996). The spread of tick-borne borreliosis in West Africa and its relationship to sub-Saharan drought. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54, 289-293. (Pubitemid 26100718)
29. Vial, L., Diatta, G., Tall, A., Ba, E. H., Bouganali, H., Durand, P., Sokhna, C., Rogier, C., Renaud, F. & Trape, J. F. (2006). Incidence of tick-borne relapsing fever in West Africa: longitudinal study. Lancet, 368, 37-43. (Pubitemid 43947204)