Current status of the motor program: Revisited

Human Movement Science

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 566-577

  Summers, Jeffery J ^a   Anson, J Greg ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Hierarchical organization; Internal representation; Motor engram; Motor program; Neural mechanisms; Pre programming

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; HUMAN; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR COORDINATION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PSYCHOLOGY;

ACCLIMATIZATION; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; HAND STRENGTH; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; LEARNING; MEMORY; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOVEMENT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION;

EID: 70349140977     PISSN: 01679457     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.01.002     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Abernethy B., and Sparrow W.A. The rise and fall of dominant paradigms in motor behaviour research. In: Summers J.J. (Ed). Approaches to the study of motor control and learning (1992), Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam
2. Alexander G.E., DeLong M.R., and Crutcher M.D. Do cortical and basal ganglionic motor areas use "motor programs" to control movement?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (1992) 656-665
3. Amazeen P.G. Is dynamics the content of a generalized motor program for rhythmic interlimb coordination?. Journal of Motor Behavior 34 (2002) 233-251
4. Anson J.G. Memory drum theory: Alternative tests and explanations for the complexity effects on simple reaction time. Journal of Motor Behavior 14 (1982) 228-246
5. Anson J.G. Effects of moment of inertia on simple reaction time. Journal of Motor Behavior 21 (1989) 60-71
6. Aune T.K., Pedersen A.V., and Ingvaldsen R.P. Dominant paradigms in motor behavior research: The motor-action controversy revisited. Perceptual and Motor Skills 106 (2008) 573-578
7. Bernstein N. The coordination and regulation of movements (1967), Pergamon Press, Oxford
8. Carlsen A.N., Chua R., Inglis J.T., Sanderson D.J., and Franks I.M. Prepared movements are elicited early by startle. Journal of Motor Behavior 36 (2004) 253-264
9. Carlsen A.N., Dakin C.J., Chua R., and Franks I.M. Startle produces early response latencies that are distinct from stimulus intensity effects. Experimental Brain Research 176 (2007) 199-205
10. Chez C. Voluntary motor control. In: Kandell E.R., and Schwartz J.H. (Eds). Principles of neural science (1985), Elsevier, New York
11. Day B.L., Rothwell J.C., Thompson P.D., de Noordhout M.D., Nakashima K., Shannon K., et al. Delay in the execution of voluntary movement by electrical or magnetic brain stimulation in intact man: Evidence for the storage of motor programs in the brain. Brain 112 (1989) 649-663
12. Donders, F. C. (1868). On the speed of mental processes. Acta Psychologica, 30, 412-431 [Translated and reprinted in W. G. Koster (Ed.) 1969, Attention and performance II]. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
13. Grillner S., Hellgren J., Menard A., Saitoh K., and Wikstrom M.A. Mechanisms for selection of basic motor programs-roles for the striatum and pallidum. TRENDS in Neurosciences 28 (2005) 364-370
14. Hebb D.O. Organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory (1949), Wiley, New York
15. Henry F.M., and Rogers D.E. Increased response latency for complicated movements and a "Memory Drum" theory of neuromotor reaction. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 31 (1960) 448-458
16. Hotz-Boendermaker S., Funk M., Summers P., Brugger P., Hepp-Reymond M.-C., Curt A., et al. Preservation of motor programs in paraplegics as demonstrated by attempted and imagined foot movements. NeuroImage 39 (2008) 383-394
17. Ivanenko Y.P., Poppele R.E., and Lacquaniti F. Motor control programs and walking. The Neuroscientist 12 (2006) 339-348
18. Ivry R.B., Diedrichsen J., Spencer R.C.M., Hazeltine E., and Semjen A. A cognitive neuroscience perspective on bimanual coordination. In: Swinnen S., and Duysens J. (Eds). Neuro-behavioral determinants of interlimb coordination (2004), Kluwer Academic Publishing, Boston 259-295
19. Keele S.W. Movement control in skilled motor performance. Psychological Bulletin 70 (1968) 387-403
20. Keele S.W. Behavioral analysis of movement. In: Brooks V. (Ed). Handbooks of physiology: Sec. 1: The nervous system: Vol. 2: Motor Control (Pt 2, pp. 1391-1414) (1981), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD
21. Keele S.W. Replies to J. J. Summers: Has ecological psychology delivered what it promised? Commentary 1: Programming or planning conceptions of motor control speak to different phenomena than dynamical systems conceptions. In: Piek J.P. (Ed). Motor behavior and human skill (1998), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL 403-408
22. Keele S.W., Cohen A., and Ivry R. Motor programs: Concepts and issues. In: Jeannerod M. (Ed). Attention and performance Vol. 13 (1990), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 77-110
23. Keele S.W., and Summers J.J. The structure of motor programs. In: Stelmach G.E. (Ed). Motor control: Issues and trends (1976), Academic Press, New York 109-142
24. Kelso J.A.S. Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior (1995), The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass
25. Klapp S.T. Reaction time analysis of central motor control. In: Zelaznik H. (Ed). Advances in motor learning and control (1996), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL 13-35
26. Klapp S.T., Abbott J., Coffman K., Snider R., and Young F. Simple and choice reaction time methods in the study of motor programmimg. Journal of Motor Behavior 11 (1979) 91-101
27. Kugler P.N., Kelso J.A.S., and Turvey M.T. On the control and coordination of naturally developing systems. In: Kelso J.A.S., and Clark J.E. (Eds). The development of movement control and coordination (1982), Wiley, New York
28. Lashley K.S. In search of the engram. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 4 (1950) 454-482
29. Lashley K.S. The problem of serial order in behavior. In: Jeffress L.A. (Ed). Cerebral mechanisms in behavior (1951), Wiley, New York 112-131
30. Mechsner F. A psychological approach to human voluntary movements. Journal of Motor Behavior 36 (2004) 355-370
31. Mechsner F., Kerzel D., Knoblich G., and Prinz W. Perceptual basis of bimanual coordination. Nature 414 (2001) 69-73
32. Monfils M.-H., Plautz E.J., and Kleim J.A. In search of the motor engram: Motor map plasticity as a mechanism for encoding motor experience. The Neuroscientist 11 (2005) 471-483
33. Morris M.E., Summers J.J., Matyas T.A., and Iansek R. Current status of the motor program. Physical Therapy 74 (1994) 738-752
34. Newell K.M. Schema theory (1975): Retrospectives and prospectives. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 74 (2003) 383-388
35. Oliveira F.T.P., and Ivry R.B. The representation of action. Current Directions in Psychological Science 17 (2008) 130-135
36. Plamondon R., Stelmach G.E., and Teasdale N. Motor program coding representation from a handwriting generator model: The production of line responses. Biological Cybernetics 63 (1990) 443-451
37. Posner M.I., and Keele S.W. Skill learning. Handbook of research on teaching (1973), Rand-McNally, Chicago
38. Prabhu G., Voss M., Brochier T., Cattaneo L., Haggard P., and Lemon R. Excitability of human motor cortex inputs prior to grasp. Journal of Physiology 581 (2007) 189-201
39. Rosenbaum D.A. The movement pre-cueing technique: Assumptions, applications, and extensions. In: Magill R.A. (Ed). Memory and control of action (1983), North-Holland, Amsterdam 231-274
40. Rosenbaum D.A. Motor programming: A review and scheduling theory. In: Heuer H., Kleinbeck U., and Schmidt K.-M. (Eds). Motor behavior: Programming, control and acquisition (1984), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1-33
41. Rosenbaum D.A., Cohen R.G., Jax D.J., Weiss D.J., and van der Wel R. The problem of serial order in behaviour: Lashley's legacy. Human Movement Science 26 (2007) 525-554
42. Rosenbaum D.A., Inhoff A.W., and Gordon A.M. Choosing between movement sequences: A hierarchical editor model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113 (1984) 372-393
43. Rosenbaum D.A., Kenny S., and Derr M.A. Hierarchical control of rapid movement sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9 (1983) 86-102
44. Schmidt R.A. A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review 82 (1975) 225-260
45. Schmidt R.A. Motor schema theory after 27 years: Reflections and implications for a new theory. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 74 (2003) 366-375
46. Schmidt R.A., Zelaznik H.N., Hawkins B., Frank J.S., and Quinn Jr. J.T. Motor-output variability: A theory for the accuracy of rapid motor acts. Psychological Review 86 (1979) 415-451
47. Semjen A. Emergent versus programmed temporal properties of movement sequences. In: Helfrich H. (Ed). Time and mind (1996), Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Seattle 23-43
48. Shaffer L.H. Motor programming and control. In: Stelmach G.E., and Requin J. (Eds). Tutorials in motor behavior II (1992), North-Holland, Amsterdam 181-194
49. Shea C.H., and Wulf G. Schema theory: A critical appraisal and reevaluation. Journal of Motor Behavior 37 (2005) 85-101
50. Sherwood D.E., and Lee T.D. Cognitive effort and schema theory: Implications for a new theory of motor learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 74 (2003) 376-382
51. Stelmach G.E., Mullins P.A., and Teulings H.-L. Motor programming and temporal patterns in handwriting. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 143 (1984) 144-156
52. Sternberg S., Monsell S., Knoll R.L., and Wright C.E. The latency and duration of rapid movement sequences: Comparisons of speech and typewriting. In: Stelmach G.E. (Ed). Information processing in motor control and learning (1978), Academic Press, New York 117-152
53. Sumbre G., Gutfreund Y., Fiorito G., Flash T., and Hochner B. Control of octopus arm extension by a peripheral motor program. Science 293 (2001) 1845-1848
54. Summers J.J. The role of timing in motor program representation. Journal of Motor Behavior 7 (1975) 229-241
55. Summers J.J. Motor programs. In: Holding D.H. (Ed). Human skills (1981), Wiley, New York
56. Summers J.J. Temporal constraints in the performance of bimanual tasks. In: Vickers D., and Smith P.L. (Eds). Human information processing: Measures, mechanisms, and models (1989), North-Holland, Amsterdam 155-168
57. Summers J.J. Movement behaviour: A field in crisis?. In: Summers J.J. (Ed). Approaches to the study of motor control and learning (1992), North-Holland, Amsterdam 551-562
58. Summers J.J. Has ecological psychology delivered what it promised?. In: Piek J. (Ed). Motor behavior and human skill (1998), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL 385-402
59. Summers J.J. The cognitivist's revenge?. Journal of Motor Behavior 36 (2004) 392-394
60. Teulings H.-L., Thomassen A.J.W.M., and van Galen G.P. Invariants in handwriting: The information contained in the motor program. In: Kao H.S.R., van Galen G.P., and Hoosain R. (Eds). Graphonomics: Contemporary research in handwriting (1986), North-Holland, Amsterdam 305-315
61. Thelen E., and Smith L.B. A dynamical systems approach to the development of cognition and action (1994), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
62. Turvey M.T., Fitch H.L., and Tuller B. The Bernstein perspective: 1. The problems of degrees of freedom and context-conditioned variability. Human motor behavior: An introduction (1982), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
63. Valls-Solé J., Rothwell J.C., Goulart F., Cossu G., and Munoz E. Patterned ballistic movements triggered by a startle in healthy humans. Journal of Physiology 516 (1999) 931-938
64. Wickens J., Hyland B., and Anson G. Cortical cell assemblies: A possible mechanism for motor programs. Journal of Motor Behavior 26 (1994) 66-82
65. Wikipedia, (Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_St%C3%B6rtebeker) Erwin-Rosenthal, 2008.
66. Woodworth R.S. The accuracy of voluntary movement. Psychological Review 3 (1899) [Monograph Supplement No. 2]
67. Woodworth R.S. Reaction time. Experimental Psychology (1938), Henry Hold and Co, New York 298-339
68. Wundt, W. (1912). Lectures on human and animal psychology. George Allen & Company Ltd (London) and The Macmillan Company (New York) [Translated from the Second German Edition by J. E. Creighton & E. B. Titchener (1912)].