The direct regeneration hypothesis in northern forests

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 735-744

  Ilisson, Triin ^a   Chen, Han Y H ^a  

^a LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Direct regeneration hypothesis; Disturbance adaptation; Life history traits; Regeneration strategy; Shade tolerance

Indexed keywords

CLEARCUTTING; CONIFEROUS TREE; DECIDUOUS TREE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FIRE; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; META-ANALYSIS; REGENERATION; SHADE TOLERANCE; VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION; WIND FORCING;

NORTH AMERICA;

CONIFEROPHYTA;

EID: 70249135298     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01066.x     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Anon. (SPSS Inc.) 1999. Sigmascan pro image analysis, version 5.0.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, US.
2. Anon. (SPSS Inc.) 2006. SPSS 15.0 for windows. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, US.
3. Arevalo, J.R., DeCoster, J.K., McAlister, S.D. & Palmer, M.W. 2000. Changes in two Minnesota forests during 14 years following catastrophic windthrow. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 833-840. (Pubitemid 32148821)
4. Aman, X., Rodrigo, A. & Retana, J. 2007. Post-fire regeneration of Mediterranean plant communities at a regional scale is dependent on vegetation type and dryness. Journal of Vegetation Science 18: 111-122. (Pubitemid 46540278)
5. Arseneault, D. 2001. Impact of fire behavior on postfire forest development in a homogeneous boreal landscape. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31 : 1367-1374. (Pubitemid 33037527)
6. Baldwin, A., Egnotovich, M., Ford, M. & Piatt, W. 2001. Regeneration in fringe mangrove forests damaged by Hurricane Andrew. Plant Ecology 157: 149-162. (Pubitemid 34119560)
7. Basnet, K. 1993. Recovery of a tropical rain-forest after hurricane damage. Vegetatio 109: 1-4. (Pubitemid 24407752)
8. Batista, W.B. & Piatt, W.J. 2003. Tree population responses to hurricane disturbance: syndromes in a south-eastern USA old-growth forest. Journal of Ecology 91: 197-212.
9. Bazzaz, F.A. 1996. Plants in changing environments. Linking physiological, population and community ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
10. Bellingham, P.J., Tanner, E.V.J. & Healey, J.R. 1995. Damage and responsiveness of Jamaican Montane tree species after disturbance by a Hurricane. Ecology 76: 2562-2580. (Pubitemid 3013837)
11. Bergeron, Y. 2000. Species and stand dynamics in the mixed woods of Quebec's southern boreal forest. Ecology 81:1500-1516. (Pubitemid 30446137)
12. Berkowitz, A.R., Canham, C.D. & Kelly, V.R. 1995. Competition vs. facilitation of tree seedling growth and survival in early successional communities. Ecology 76: 1156-1168.
13. Bond, W.J. & Midgley, J.J. 2001. Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: the persistence niche. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: 45-51.
14. Bond-Lamberty, B., Peckham, S.D., Ahl, D.E. & Gower, S.T. 2007. Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance. Nature 450: 89-92. (Pubitemid 350070572)
15. Bormann, F.H. & Likens, G.E. 1979. Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, US.
16. Boucher, D.H., Vandermeer, J.H., Mallona, M.A., Zamora, N. & Perfecto, I. 1994. Resistance and resilience in a directly regenerating rainforest: Nicaraguan trees of the Vochysiaceae after Hurricane Joan. Forest Ecology and Management 68: 127-136 (Pubitemid 2161072)
17. Brumelis, G. & Carleton, T.J. 1988. The vegetation of postlogged black spruce lowlands in Central Canada .1. Trees and tall shrubs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18: 1470-1478. (Pubitemid 19325651)
18. Burns, R.M. & Honkala, B.H. 1990. Silvics of North America. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Agriculture Handbook, Washington, DC, US.
19. Carleton, T.J. & MacLellan, P. 1994. Woody vegetation responses to fire versus clear cut logging: a comparative survey in the central Canadian boreal forest. Ecoscience 1: 141-152.
20. Charron, I. & Greene, D.F. 2002. Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1607-1615. (Pubitemid 35404639)
21. Chen, H.Y.H. 1997. Interspecific responses of planted seedlings to light availability in interior British Columbia: survival, growth, allometric patterns, and specific leaf area. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27: 1383-1393.
22. Chen, H.Y.H. & Klinka, K. 1997. Light availability and photosynthesis of Pseudotsuga menziesa seedlings grown in the open and in the forest understory. Tree Physiology 17: 23-29. (Pubitemid 27059036)
23. Chen, H.Y.H. & Popadiouk, R.V. 2002. Dynamics of North American boreal mixedwoods. Environmental Reviews 10: 137-166.
24. Chen, H.Y.H. & Wang, J.R. 2006. Post-harvest regeneration of lowland black spruce forests in northeastern Ontario. New Forests 31: 115-129.
25. Chen, H.Y.H., Klinka, K. & Kayahara, G.J. 1996. Effects of light on growth, crown architecture, and specific leaf area for naturally established Pinus contorta var latifolia and Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca saplings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1149-1157. (Pubitemid 27003378)
26. Chen, H.Y.H., Vasiliauskas, S., Kayahara, G.J. & Ilisson, T. 2009. Wildfire promotes broadleaves and species mixture in boreal forest. Forest Ecology and Management 257: 343-350.
27. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1960. Jack pine regeneration after scattering slash on exposed mineral soil. Pulp and Paper Magazine Canada 60: 164-166.
28. Clark, J.S., Beckage, B., Camill, P., Cleveland, B., HilleRisLambers, J., Lighter, J., McLachlan, J., Mohan, J. & Wyckoff, P. 1999. Interpreting recruitment limitation in forests. American Journal of Botany 86: 1-16.
29. Cohen, J. 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, US.
30. Cohen, J. 1992. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 112:155-159.
31. Collet, C., Piboule, A., Leroy, O. & Frochot, H. 2008. Advance Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings dominate tree regeneration in a mixed broadleaved former coppice-with-standards forest. Forestry 81: 135-150.
32. Cooper-Ellis, S., Foster, D.R., Carlton, G. & Lezberg, A. 1999. Forest response to catastrophic wind: results from an experimental hurricane. Ecology 80: 26832696. (Pubitemid 30001014)
33. Del Tredici, P. 2001. Sprouting in temperate trees: a morphological and ecological review. Botanical Review 67: 121-140. (Pubitemid 32818491)
34. Dyer, J.M. & Baird, P.R. 1997. Wind disturbance in remnant forest stands along the prairie-forest ecotone, Minnesota, USA. Plant Ecology 129: 121-134.
35. Eastham, A.M. & Jull, M.J. 1999. Factors affecting natural regeneration of Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii in a subalpine silvicultural systems trial. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1847-1855.
36. Elson, L.T., Simon, N.P.P. & Kneeshaw, D. 2007. Regeneration differences between fire and clearcut logging in southeastern Labrador: a multiple spatial scale analysis. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 473-480. (Pubitemid 47169725)
37. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.G. & Buchner, A. 2007. Gpower 3: a flexible Statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods 39: 175-191.
38. Foster, D.R. 1985. Vegetation development following fire in Picea mariana (Black spruce) Pleurozium Forests of Southeastern Labrador, Canada. Journal of Ecology 73: 517-534.
39. Franklin, J., Syphard, A.D., Mladenoff, D.J., He, H.S., Simons, D.K., Martin, R.P., Deutschman, D. & O'Leary, J.F. 2001. Simulating the effects of different fire regimes on plant functional groups in Southern California. Ecological Modelling 142: 261-283. (Pubitemid 32828050)
40. Frelich, L.E. & Reich, P.B. 1995. Spatial patterns and succession in a Minnesota southern-boreal forest. Ecological Monographs 65: 325-346.
41. Greenberg, C.H. & Mcnab, W.H. 1998. Forest disturbance in hurricane-related downbursts in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. Forest Ecology and Management 104: 179-191.
42. Greene, D.F. & Johnson, E.A. 1999. Modelling recmitment of Populus tremuloides, Pinus banksiana, and Picea mariana following fire in the mixedwood boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 462-473.
43. Greene, D.F., Noel, J., Bergeron, Y., Rousseau, M. & Gauthier, S. 2004. Recruitment of Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana, and Populus tremuloides across a burn severity gradient following wildfire in the southern boreal forest of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 1845-1857. (Pubitemid 39588130)
44. Haeussler, S., Bedford, L., Leduc, A., Bergeron, Y. & Kranabetter, J.M. 2002. Silvicultural disturbance severity and plant communities of the Southern Canadian boreal forest. Silva Fennica 36: 307-327.
45. Haeussler, S., Bartemucci, P. & Bedford, L. 2004. Succession and resilience in boreal mixedwood plant communities 15-16 years after silvicultural site preparation. Forest Ecology and Management 199: 349-370. (Pubitemid 39188004)
46. Harper, K.A., Bergeron, Y., Gauthier, S. & Drapeau, P. 2002. Post-fire development of canopy structure and composition in black spruce forests of Abitibi, Quebec: a landscape scale study. Silva Fennica 36: 249-263. (Pubitemid 34527203)
47. Harvey, B. & Brais, S. 2002. Effects of mechanized careful logging on natural regeneration and vegetation competition in the southeastern Canadian boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 653666. (Pubitemid 34458114)
48. Heinselman, M.L. 1981. Fire and succession in the conifer forests of northern North America. In: West, D.C, Shugart, H.H. & Botlein, D.B. (eds.) Forest succession, concepts and applications, pp. 374-405. SpringerVerlag, New York, NY, US.
49. Hewitt, N. 1998. Seed size and shade tolerance: a comparative analysis of North American temperate trees. Oecologia 114: 432-440. (Pubitemid 28195557)
50. Hill, S.B., Mallik, A.U. & Chen, H.Y.H. 2005. Canopy gap disturbance and succession in trembling aspen dominated boreal forests in northeastern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1942-1951.
51. Hughes, E.L. 1967. Studies in Stand and Seedbed Treatment to Obtain Spruce and Fir Reproduction on the Mixedwood Slope Type of Northwestern Ontario. Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Forestry Branch. Departmental Publication No. 1189.
52. Johnson, D.W. & Curtis, P.S. 2001. Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: meta analysis. Forest Ecology and Management 140: 227-238. (Pubitemid 32108906)
53. Johnson, E.A. & Gutsell, S.L. 1993. Heat-budget and fire behavior associated with the opening of serotinous cones in two Pinus species. Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 745-750.
54. Johnstone, J. & Chapin, F. 2006. Effects of soil burn severity on post-fire tree recruitment in boreal forest. Ecosystems 9: 14-31.
55. Johnstone, J.F., Chapin, F.S., Foote, J., Kemmett, S., Price, K. & Viereck, L. 2004. Decadal observations of tree regeneration following fire in boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 267-273. (Pubitemid 38600969)
56. Kneeshaw, D.D. & Bergeron, Y. 1998. Canopy gap characteristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest. Ecology 79: 783-794. (Pubitemid 28378696)
57. Knorr, M., Frey, S.D. & Curtis, P.S. 2005. Nitrogen additions and litter decomposition: a meta-analysis. Ecology 86: 3252-3257. (Pubitemid 43086900)
58. Lamont, B.B. & Enright, N.J. 2000. Adaptive advantages of aerial seed banks. Plant Species Biology 15: 157-166.
59. Lavoie, L. & Sirois, L. 1998. Vegetation changes caused by recent fires in the northern boreal forest of eastern Canada. Journal of Vegetation Science 9:483-492. (Pubitemid 28532020)
60. Lepage, P.T., Canham, C.D., Coates, K.D. & Bartemucci, P. 2000. Seed abundance versus substrate limitation of seedling recruitment in northern temperate forests of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 415-427. (Pubitemid 30329468)
61. MacDonald, G.B., Cherry, M.L. & Thompson, D.J. 2004. Effect of harvest intensity on development of natural regeneration and shrubs in an Ontario boreal mixedwood stand. Forest Ecology and Management 189: 207-222.
62. Marquis, D.A. 1967. Clearcutting in northern hardwoods: results after 30 years. Res. Pap. NE-85., 13. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA, US.
63. McInnis, B.G. & Roberts, M.R. 1994. The effect of fulltree and tree-length harvests on natural regeneration. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 11: 131-137.
64. Nelson, D.E. 1977. Jack pine seeding on a Wisconsin forest. Journal of Forestry 75: 91-92.
65. Nguyen-Xuan, T., Bergeron, Y., Simard, D., Fyles, J.W. & Pare, D. 2000. The importance of forest floor disturbance in the early regeneration patterns of the boreal forest of western and central Quebec: a wildfire versus logging comparison. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 1353-1364. (Pubitemid 30819972)
66. Odion, D.C & Davis, F.W. 2000. Fire, soil heating, and the formation of vegetation patterns in Chaparral. Ecological Monographs 70: 149-169.
67. Ohmann, J.L. & Grigal, D.F. 1979. Early revegetation and nutrient dynamics following the 1971 Little Sioux forest fire in northeastern Minnesota. Forest Science Monograph 21: 1-80.
68. Osburn, H.G. & Callender, J. 1992. A note on the sampling variance of the mean uncorrected correlation in meta-analysis and validity generalization. Journal of Applied Psychology 77: 115-122.
69. Pausas, J.G. & Lavorel, S. 2003. A hierarchical deductive approach for functional types in disturbed ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science 14: 409-416. (Pubitemid 37096355)
70. Pausas, J.G. & Verdu, M. 2005. Plant persistence traits in fire-prone ecosystems of the Mediterranean basin: a phylogenetic approach. Oikos 109: 196-202. (Pubitemid 40518619)
71. Peterson, C.J. 2000. Damage and recovery of tree species after two different tornadoes in the same old growth forest: a comparison of infrequent wind disturbances. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 237-252.
72. Peterson, C.J. & Pickett, S.T.A. 1995. Forest reorganization - a case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown 14. Ecology 76: 763-774.
73. Peterson, C.J. & Pickett, S.T.A. 2000. Patch type influences on regeneration in a western Pennsylvania, USA, catastrophic windthrow. Oikos 90: 489-500.
74. Peterson, C.J., Carson, W.P., McCarthy, B.C. & Pickett, S.T.A. 1990. Microsite variation and soil dynamics within newly created treefall pits and mounds. Oikos 58: 39-46.
75. Prevost, M. & Pothier, D. 2003. Partial cuts in a trembling aspen-conifer stand: effects on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 1-15. (Pubitemid 36257544)
76. Qian, H. & Klinka, K. 1998. Plants of British Columbia: Scientific and Common Names of Vascular Plants, Bryophytes and Lichens. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, CA.
77. Reich, P.B., Tjoelker, M.G., Walters, M.B., Vanderklein, D.W. & Buschena, C. 1998. Close association of RGR, leaf and root morphology, seed mass and shade tolerance in seedlings of nine boreal tree species grown in high and low light. Functional Ecology 12: 327-338. (Pubitemid 28320243)
78. Roberts, M.R. & Dong, H. 1991. Effects of forest floor disturbance on soil seed banks, germination and early survival after clearcutting a northern hardwood stand in central New Brunswick. In: Simpson, C.M. (ed.) Proceedings of the conference on natural regeneration management. 27-28 March, 1990. Forestry Canada Maritimes region, pp. 67-84. Hugh John Flemming Forestry Centre, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
79. Rodrigo, A., Retana, J. & Pico, F.X. 2004. Direct regeneration is not the only response of Mediterranean forests to large fires. Ecology 85: 716-729. (Pubitemid 38398285)
80. Roe, A.L., Alexander, R.R. & Andrews, M.D. 1970. Engelmann spmce regeneration practices in the Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah. Production Research Report 115: 1-32.
81. Schulze, E.D., Wirth, C., Mollicone, D. & Ziegler, W. 2005. Succession after stand replacing disturbances by fire, wind throw, and insects in the dark Taiga of Central Siberia. Oecologia 146: 77-88. (Pubitemid 41549342)
82. Simon, N.P.P. & Schwab, F.E. 2005. The response of conifer and broad-leaved trees and shrubs to wildfire and clearcut logging in the boreal forests of central Labrador. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22: 35-41.
83. Tarrega, R., LuisCalabuig, E. & Alonso, I. 1997. Spacetime heterogeneity in the recovery after experimental burning and cutting in a Cistus laurifolius shrubland. Plant Ecology 129: 179-187. (Pubitemid 27340752)
84. Timoney, K.P. & Peterson, G. 1996. Failure of natural regeneration after clearcut logging in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management 87: 89-105. (Pubitemid 27025294)
85. Ulanova, N.G. 2000. The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 155-167.
86. Vandermeer, J., Mallona, M.A., Boucher, D., Yih, K. & Perfectos, I. 1995. Three years of ingrowth following catastrophic hurricane damage on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua: evidence in support of the direct regeneration hypothesis. Journal of Tropical Ecology 11:465-471.
87. Vasiliauskas, S.A. & Chen, H.Y.H. 2002. How long do trees take to reach breast height after fire in northeastern Ontario? Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1889-1992.
88. Walker, N.R. & Johnson, H.J. 1975. Growth and regeneration response to various stand treatments in a mature lodgepole pine stand, pp. 1-16. Environment Canada, Canadian, Forest Service, Northern Forestry Research Centre, Edmonton, CA.
89. Wang, G.G. 2003. Early regeneration and growth dynamics of Populus tremuloides suckers in relation to fire severity. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 1998-2006.
90. Webb, S.L. 1989. Contrasting windstorm consequences in two forests, Itasca State Park, Minnesota. Ecology 70: 1167-1180.
91. White, A.S. 1991. The importance of different forms of regeneration to secondary succession in a Maine Hardwood Forest. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118: 303-311.
92. Yih, K., Boucher, D.H., Vandermeer, J.H. & Zamora, N. 1991. Recovery of the rain forest of Southeastern Nicaragua after destruction by Hurricane Joan. Biotropica 23: 106-113.