Carnitine status of pregnant women: Effect of carnitine supplementation and correlation between iron status and plasma carnitine concentration

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 63, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1098-1105

  Keller, U ^a   van der Wal, C ^a   Seliger, G ^b   Scheler, C ^a   Ropke F ^a   Eder, K ^a  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

^b Krankenhaus St Elisabeth und St Barbara   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE; FERRITIN; GAMMA BUTYROBETAINE; IRON; TARTARIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; FEMALE; FERRITIN BLOOD LEVEL; GESTATIONAL AGE; HEMATOCRIT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IRON INTAKE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MATERNAL AGE; MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN; MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME; NORMAL HUMAN; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PREGNANT WOMAN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; THROMBOCYTE COUNT;

ADULT; BETAINE; CARNITINE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; ERYTHROCYTE INDICES; FEMALE; FERRITINS; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; IRON; PREGNANCY; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 70249093588     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: 14765640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.36     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Bargen-Lockner C, Hahn P, Wittmann B (1981). Plasma carnitine in pregnancy. Am J Obestet Gynecol 140, 412-414.
2. Bartholmey SJ, Sherman AR (1985). Carnitine levels in iron-deficient rat pups. J Nutr 115, 138-145.
3. Bartholmey SJ, Sherman AR (1986). Impaired ketogenesis in iron-deficient rat pups. J Nutr 116, 2180-2189.
4. Böhles H, Evangeliov A, Bervoets K, Eckert I, Sewell AC (1994). Carnitine esters in metabolic disease. Eur J Pediatr 153, S57-S61.
5. Böhles H, Ullrich K, Endres W, Behbehani AW, Wendel U (1991). Inadequate iron availability as a possible cause of low serum carnitine concentrations in patients with phenylketonuria. Eur J Pediatr 150, 425-428.
6. Cederblad G, Fåhraeus L, Lindgren K (1986). Plasma carnitine and renal-carnitine clearance during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 44 379-383.
7. Cederblad G, Niklasson A, Rydgren B, Albertsson-Wikland A, Olegård R (1985). Carnitine in maternal and neonatal plasma. Acta Pediatr Scand 74, 500-504.
8. Cemeroglu AP, Kocaba° CN, Co°kun T, Gürgey A (2001). Low serum carnitine concentrations in healthy children with iron deficiency anemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 18, 491-495.
9. Cho SW, Park YO, Cha YS (2003). Plasma and urinary concentration in pregnant Korean women. FASEB 17, A733-A734.
10. Citak EC, Citak FE, Kurekci AE (2006). Serum carnitine levels in children with iron- deficiency anemia with or without pica. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 23, 381-385.
11. Duran M, Loof NE, Ketting D, Dorland L (1990). Secondary carnitine deficiency. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 28, 359-363.
12. Genger H, Sevelda P, Vytiska-Binstorfer E, Salzer H, Legenstein E, Lohninger A (1988). Carnitine levels in pregnancy. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 192, 134-136.
13. Grube M, Schwabedissen HM, Draber K, Präger D, Möritz KU, Linnemann K et al. (2005). Expression, localization, and function of the carnitine transporter octn2 (slc22a5) in human placenta. Drug Metab Dispos 33, 31-37.
14. Günter HH, Peulecke W, Oehler K, Scharf A, Schumann G, Sohn C (2002 . The concentration of carnitine in the last trimester of pregnancy subject to glucose tolerance. Zentralbl Gynakol 124, 533-537.
15. Hahn P (1982). Development of lipid metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2 91-111.
16. Harvey LJ, Dainty JR, Hollands WJ, Bull VJ, Hoogewerff JA, Foxall RJ et al. (2007). Effect of high-dose iron supplements on fractional zinc absorption and status in pregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr 85 131-136.
17. Lain KY, Catalano PM (2007). Metabolic changes in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 50, 938-948.
18. Lindstedt G, Lindstedt S (1970). Cofactor requirements of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from rat liver. J Biol Chem 245 4178-4186.
19. Marzo A, Cardace G, Corbelletta C, Pace S, D'Iddio S, Verrotti C et al. (1994). Plasma concentration, urinary excretion and renal clearance of L-carnitine during pregnancy: A reversible secondary L-carnitine deficiency. Gynecol Endocrinol 8, 115-120.
20. McGarry JD, Brown NF (1997). The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis. Eur J Biochem 244, 1-14.
21. Milman N (2006). Iron and pregnancy - a delicate balance. Ann Hematol 85, 559-565.
22. Mitchell ME, Snyder EA (1991). Dietary carnitine effects on carnitine concentrations in urine and milk in lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 54, 814-820.
23. Novak M, Monkus EF, Chung D, Buch M (1981). Carnitine in the perinatal metabolism of lipids. I. Relationship between maternal and fetal plasma levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines. Pediatrica 67, 95-100.
24. Novak M, Penn-Walker D, Hahn P, Monkus EF (1975a). Effect of carnitine on lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of newborns. Biol Neonate 25, 84-94.
25. Novak M, Penn-Walker D, Monkus EF (1975b). Oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria obtained from newborn subcutaneous (white) adipose tissue. Biol Neonate 25, 95-107.
26. Rebouche CJ, Bosch EP, Chenard CA, Schabold KJ, Nelson SE (1989). Utilization of dietary precursors for carnitine synthesis in human adults. J Nutr 119, 1907-1913.
27. Rebouche CJ, Seim H (1998). Carnitine metabolism and its regulation in microorganisms and mammals. Annu Rev Nutr 18, 39-61.
28. Ringseis R, Pösel S, Hirche F, Eder K (2007). Treatment with pharmacological peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist clofibrate causes upregulation of organic cation transporter 2 in liver and small intestine of rats. Pharmacol Res 56, 175-183.
29. Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Penn D, Sodha RJ, Prögler M, Novak M, Schneider H (1985). Transfer and metabolism of carnitine and carnitine esters in the in vitro perfused human placenta. Pediatr Res 19, 700-706.
30. Schoderbeck M, Auer B, Legenstein E, Genger H, Sevelda P, Salzer H et al. (1995). Pregnancy-related changes of carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations of plasma and erythrocytes. J Perinat Med 23, 477-485.
31. Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Vingren JL, Hatfield DL, Fragala MS, Ho JY et al. (2007). Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate. J Strength Cond Res 21, 259-264.
32. Steiber A, Kerner J, Hoppel CL (2004). Carnitine: A nutritional, biosynthetic, and functional perspective. Mol Asp Med 25, 455-473.
33. Tanzer F, Hizel S, Cetinkaya O, Sekreter E (2001). Serum free carnitine and total triglyceride levels in children with iron deficiency anemia. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 71, 66-69.
34. Vaz FM, Wanders RJ (2002). Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals. Biochem J 361, 417-429.
35. Vaz FM, Ofman R, Westinga K, Wanders RJ (2001). Molecular and biochemical characterization of rat ε-N-trimethyllysine hydroxylase, the first enzyme of carnitine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 276, 33512-33517.
36. Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gómez AL, Ratamess NA, Gaynor P (2002). L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282, E474-E482.
37. Warshaw JB, Curry E (1980). Comparison of serum carnitine and ketone body concentrations in breast- and in formula-fed newborn infants. J Pediatr 97, 122-125.