Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Duijvestijn, Yvonne C M ^a   Mourdi, Nadjette ^b   Smucny, John ^c   Pons, Gérard ^d   Chalumeau, Martin ^e  

^a Location Alkmaar   (Netherlands)

^b INSERM   (France)

^c PALO ALTO MEDICAL FOUNDATION   (United States)

^d Paris Descartes University ^*  (France)

^e HÔPITAL SAINT VINCENT DE PAUL   (France)

Author keywords

Acetylcysteine adverse effects; *therapeutic use ; Carbocysteine adverse effects; *therapeutic use ; Child; Child, preschool; Expectorants adverse effects; *therapeutic use ; Humans; Infant; Randomized controlled trials as topic; Respiratory tract infections *drug therapy

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; AMBROXOL; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIPYRETIC AGENT; ANTITUSSIVE AGENT; BROMHEXINE; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; CARBOCISTEINE; CEFUROXIME; CORTICOSTEROID; NESOSTEINE; PLACEBO; THIAMPHENICOL;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BREATHING EXERCISE; BRONCHITIS; BRONCHOSPASM; CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; META ANALYSIS; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STOMACH PAIN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRACHEITIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION;

EID: 70249087295     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003124.pub3     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Bellomo G, Giudice S. Controlled study on the efficacy of a combination "thiamphenicol-acetylcysteine' in oral administration in respiratory infections in pediatrics [Studio controllata sull'efficacia della combinazione "tiamfenicolo-acetilcisteina" per via orale nel trattamento delle infezioni broncopolmonari dell'infanzia]. Clinical Pediatrics 1972;54:30-51.
2. Biscatti G, Bruschelli M, Damonte G, Capozzi F. Controlled studies of the clinical effects of acetylcysteine in oral administration in respiratory infections in pediatrics [Ricerca controllata sugli effetti clinici dell'acetilcisteina per via orale nelle infezioni respiratorie in pediatria]. Minerva Pediatrica 1972;24:1075-1084
3. Fiocchi A, Vignati B, Sala M, Arancio R, Banderali G, Marangione P, et al.A new n-acetylcysteine formulation in acute bronchopneumopathy in children [La n-acetilcisteina nel trattamento delle broncopneumopatie acute in pediatria]. Giornale italiano delle malattie del torace 1989;43:327-334
4. Malka M, Lablache Combier B. Carbocysteine in the treatment of acute bronchitis in children [Interet d'un mucolytique, la carbocistéine, dans la bronchite aiguë de l'enfant]. Medicina Infantil 1990;97:687-692
5. Nakayama Y, Maeda K, Fuanabashi S, Kubagawa T, Simanugi K, Tateno K, et al.Carbocysteine syrup in pediatrics: a clinical trial [Effets cliniques de s-carboxymethylcysteine sous forme de sirop en pédiatrie (traduction)]. Japanese Journal of Pediatrics 1977;10:1823.
6. Zanini A, Dodesni G. Lisomucil in pediatrics [Il lisomucil in campo pediatrico]. Clinica Europea 1974;13:1-12.
7. Amir J, Wilunsky E, Zelikovic I, Reisner SH. Acetylcysteine for severe atelectasis in premature infants. Clinical pharmacy 1985;4:255.
8. Anonymous. A study of tolerance of carbocisteine syrup in children [Etude de la tolérance clinique du sirop carbocistéine chez l'enfant]. Dossier d'autorisation demise sur lemarché, Laboratoires Alpharma, Aubervilliers, France 1987.
9. Baldini G, Gucci M, Taro D, Memmini C. Controlled clinical study of a new Ambroxol formula in the treatment of infantile spastic bronchitis [Studio clinico controllato sull'attivita di una nuova formulazione di Ambroxol nella bronchite asmatiforme del bambino]. Minerva Pediatrica 1989;41:91-95
10. Banovcin P. Efficacy of carbocysteine in the treatment of bronchopneumonias in children. Prakticky Lekar 1990;70:885-887
11. Banovcin P, Jakusova L, Rosslerova V, Miklerova M, Pullman R. Carbocysteine in the treatment of recurrent bronchitis in infants [Karbocystein v liecbe recidivujucich bronchitid u dojciat]. Ceskoslovenska Pediatrie 1992;47:543-546
12. Bellomo G, Frigerio G, Tirantello G. Controlled study on the use of intramuscular acetylcysteine in acute respiratory infections in pediatrics [Ricerche controllate sull'impiego dell'acetilcisteina per via intramuscolare nelle infezioni respiratorie acute in pediatria]. Clinica Terapeutica 1967;43:437-458
13. Bellomo G, Tirantello G, Giudice S. On the use of a combination of acetylcysteine with thiamphenicol glycinate in the systemic treatment of bronchopulmonary infections in children [Sull'uso di una combinazione dell'acetilcysteina con tiamfenicolo glicato nel trattamento sistemico delle infezioni broncopolmonari in eta' pediatrica]. Clinical Pediatrics 1967;49:402-424
14. Bellomo G, Giudice S, Ganci C. Comparative study of the efficacy of acetylcysteine by the oral and intramuscular routes in acute respiratory affections in pediatrics [Studio comparativo dell'efficacia dell'acetilcisteina per via orale ed intramuscolare nelle affezioni respiratorie acute in pediatria]. Minerva Pediatrica 1973;25:844-849
15. Berger von G, Gottschalk B, Leupold W. Initial experiences with ultrasonic aerosol therapy at home in children with bronchiectasis [Erste erfahrungen mit der ultraschall-aerosolbehandlung unter heimbedingungen bei kindern mit bronchiektasen]. Kinderärztliche Praxis 1978;46:523-527
16. Berni M, Collina A, Zavattini G. Ambroxol in bronchopulmonary pathology in children [Ambroxol nella patologia broncopolmonare del bambino]. Clinica Terapeutica 1983;106:351-355
17. Boner AL, Valletta EA, Stocchero L, Richelli C, Bennati D. Combined antibiotic plusmucolytic treatment of acute or recurrent pneumonia in children. Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research 1984;10:627-630 (Pubitemid 15205948)
18. Camurri S, Marenco G. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a new pharmaceutical formulation of bromhexine compared to N-acetylcysteine in pediatric patients with acute bronchitis [Valutazione clinica dell'efficacia e della tollerabilita della nuova formulazione farmaceutica bromessina granulare nei confronti dell'N-acetilcisteina granulare in piccoli pazienti affetti da bronchite acuta]. Gazzetta Medica Italiana 1990;149:45-48
19. Caramia G, Bizzarri V, Compagnoni L, Gregorini S. Combined antibiotic plus mucolytic treatment in broncho-pulmonary disease: cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental 1984;36:658-663 (Pubitemid 15128054)
20. Careddu P, Bernocchi D, Scotti L, Manini G, Mezzopane A. Therapeutic activity and tolerability of a new mucoregulating drug called nesosteine in the treatment of acute diseases of the respiratory apparatus. Controlled pediatric study vs carbocysteine [Attivita terapeutica e tollerabilita di un nuovo farmaco mucoregolatore denominato nesosteina nel trattamento di affezioni acute dell'apparato respiratorio studio pediatrico controllato vs carbocisteina]. Giornale Italiano Delle Malattie Del Torace 1989;43:47-52.
21. Castello D, Costa G, Candussio G de. Modifications in catarrhal bronchitis secretion in paediatric age following treatment with S-carboxymethyl-cystein (viscosimetric study) [Modificazioni dell'escreato nella bronchite catarrale in eta pediatrica dopo trattamento con S- carbossimetilcisteina (indagine viscosimetrica)]. Minerva Pediatrica 1979;31:371-380
22. Chalumeau M, Cheron G, assathiany R, Moulin F, Bavoux F, Breart G, et al.Mucolytic agents for acute respiratory tract infections in infants: a pharmacoepidemiologic problem? [Fluidifiants bronchiques dans les infections respiratoires aiguës du nourrisson: un problème pharmacoé pidémiologique?]. Archives de Pédiatrie 2002;9:1128-1136
23. Dano G. Bronchospasm caused by acetylcysteine in children with bronchial asthma. Acta Allergologica 1971;26:181-190
24. Egreteau L, Gaillard D, Jouet JB, Plotkowski L, Zahm JM, Pierrot D, et al.Effect of carbocisteine on mucus and respiratory mucosa in children with recurrent bronchitis. European Respiratory Journal 1992;Suppl 5:301.
25. Gaudier B, Lelong M. Carbocysteine to treat asthma in children [L'utilisation de la S-Carboxy Methyl Cystéine (LJ 206) dans l'asthme de l'enfant]. Laboratoires Joullie, Paris 1968.
26. Ginocchi G. Clinical effects of a mucolytic agent (Pol 65) in a pediatric statistical study [Effeti clinici di un mucoliyico (Pol 65) in una casistica pediatrica]. Settimana Medica 1978;66:391-408.
27. Gusberti C, Bellazzi A, Lonati C, Modesti R. Clinical evaluation of a new synthetic derivative of acetylcysteine for treating respiratory inflammations in pediatric patients [Valutazione clinica di uno nuovo derivato sintetico dell'acido acetilsalicilico nella terapia di flogosi respiratorie di pazienti pediatrici]. Archivio di Medicina Interna 1985;37:123-129
28. Henocq A, Moreau C, Mallet E, Sauger F, Menibus CH de. Changes in IgA levels in nasal mucus after upper respiratory tract diseases in infants treated with carbocysteine [Modifications du taux IgA du mucus nasal au décours des affections des voies aériennes supérieures du nourrisson traitées par la carbocistéine]. Annales d'Oto-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale 1985;102:373-375
29. Hofmann A. Oral acetylcystein in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic respiratory tract diseases [Orale anwendung von acetylcystein bei der behandlung von asthma bronchiale und chronischen erkrankungen der luftwege]. Therapiewoche 1980;30:2040-2046
30. Jean R, Gardair F. Efficacy on expectoration of acetylcysteine nebulization in pediatric patients [Utilisation du Fluimucil antibiotic 750 en aérosols chez le nourisson et l'enfant son efficacité d'expectoration]. Laboratoires Zambon, Paris 1982.
31. Leupold W von. Lung function in bronchial asthma during treatment with Mucosolvin [Die lungenfunktion bei asthma bronchiale unter der behandlung mit Mucosolvia]. Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 1970;25:1400-1402
32. Loscialpo Ramundo D. On the use of the association of acetylcysteine and thiamphenicol glycinate in some pediatric pulmonary diseases [Sull'impiego associazone acetilcisteina-tiamfenicolo glicinato in alcune forme di patologia polmonare pediatrica]. Clinical Pediatrics 1968;50:43-56.
33. Mayaud C, Lentschner C, Bouchoucha S, Marsac J. Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in the treatment of acute respiratory infections with mucostasis [L'acetylcysteinate de thiamphenicol glycinate dans le traitement des infections respiratoires aigues avec mucostase]. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases Supplement 1980;61(111):70-73
34. Michael P, Haase W. Treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis. Therapeutic experience with Pulmoclase [Behandlung akuter und chronischer bronchitis. Therapeutische erfahrungen mit Pulmoclase]. Therapiewoche 1986;36:4440-4445
35. Nigam BK. S-Carboxymethylcysteine (S-CMC) in bronchography technique. The Indian Journal of Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences 1981;23:81-84
36. Nikolic P, Korac D. The influence of acetylcysteine on respiratory functions in children with recurrent bronchitis. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases Supplement 1980;61(111):141. (Pubitemid 11188369)
37. Olivieri D, Pezza A, Polistina D, D'Agostino F. Clinical evaluation of a new pharmacological association in the therapy of acute and chronic bronchitis [Valutazione clinica di una nuova associazione farmacologica nella terapia delle broncopneumopatie acute e croniche]. Archivio Monaldi per la Tisiologia e le Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio 1979;34:29-41.
38. Plietz J. The treatment of bronchitic syndrome using Transbronchin in the practice. Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin (Stuttgart) 1976;52:1832-1834
39. Poder G, Puskas J, Kelemen J, Gegesi Kiss A, Cserhati E. The effect of long term treatment with N-Acetylcysteine in infants with chronic obstructive bronchitis [Die Wirkung der Langzeitbehandlung mit N-Acetylcystein bei chronisch-obstruktiver Bronchitis im Sauglings- und Kleinkindalter]. Laboratoires Zambon (Pharmaceutical company), Paris 1982.
40. Ramenghi M, Sabayini G, Mengoni M. Combined antibiotic plus mucolytic treatment for recurrent bronchial diseases in infancy. Current Therapeutic Research 1984;36:664-667 (Pubitemid 15128055)
41. Ribeiro TM, Cunha LG, Santos M, Frenkiel S. Treatment of bronchial diseases in pediatrics. Results of the use of oral acetylcysteine in 80 cases. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases Supplement 1980;61(111):136-138 (Pubitemid 11188366)
42. Rudnik J, Gawel J, Haluszka J, Kurzawa R, Mielnicka B, Majewska-Zalewska H, et al.Oral acetylcysteine treatment in children with chronic lung diseases. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases Supplement 1980;61(111):140. (Pubitemid 11188368)
43. Samsygina G, Kazyukova T, Vykhristyuk O, Motina A, Tsaregorodtseva L, Dudina T. Acetylcysteine 100 in treatment of children with acute and chronic respiratory diseases: experience of use. Pediatriya (Moscow) 1995;1:76.
44. Santangelo G, Lombardo S, Giannotti G. A combination of cefuroxime and N-acetyl-cysteine for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, and Toxicology 1985;23:279-281 (Pubitemid 15083612)
45. Szekely E, Farkas E. Treament of chronic bronchitis with oral acetylcysteine in children. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases Supplement 1980;61(111):142. (Pubitemid 11188370)
46. Trastotenojo MS, Harsoyo N, Sachro AD, Soemantri AG, Said HW. Use of acetyl cysteine in respiratory tract disease in children. Paediatrica Indonesiana 1984;24:1-10.
47. Volkl VKP, Schneider B. Treatment of airway diseases with N-acetylcystein. An open therapeutic observational study involving 2512 patients. Fortschritte der Medizin 1992;110:346-350
48. Zens VM. Clinical trial with a mucolytic agent, acetylcysteine, in children with bronchitis [Klinische Erfahrungen mit Acetylcystein, einer mukoltytiscen Substanz, bei der Bronchitis im Kindesalter]. Fortschritte der Medizin 1967;85:206-207
49. Zuppi LJ, Croce J. Effect of oral route acetylcysteine on the spirometric parameters in children with asthma or rhinitis [Efeito da acetilcisteina oral sobre os parametros espirometricos em criancas asmaticas ou com rinite]. Folha Médica 1984;89:305-308
50. Anonymous. Acetylcysteine. McVoy GK, editor. American Hospital Formulary System Drug Information. Bethesda: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Incorporation, 2000:472-474
51. Anonymous. Acetylcysteine. In: Anonymous. Drug Facts and Comparisons 2000. Saint Louis. Facts and Comparisons; 54th edition (November 1999), 2000:677-679
52. Cates C. Visual Rx. Online NNT Calculator (http://www.nntonline.net/).. nntonline, 2003.
53. Cazzato T, Pandolfi C, Campi R, Bonati M. Drug prescribing in out-patient children in Southern Italy. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2001;57:611-616 (Pubitemid 33027981)
54. Chalumeau M, Treluyer JM, Salanave B, Assathiany R, Cheron G, Crocheton N, et al.Off label and unlicensed drug use among French office based paediatricians. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2000;83(6):502-505
55. Collet JP, Bossard N, Floret D, Gillet J, Honegger D, Boissel JP. Drug prescription in young children: results of a survey in France. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1991;41:489-491
56. Delgado-Rodriguez M, Llorca J. Bias. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004;58:635-641
57. Duijvestijn YC, Gerritsen J, Brand PL. Acetylcysteine in children with lung disorders prescribed by one-third of family physicians: no support in the literature. Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde 1997;141:826-830 (Pubitemid 27215764)
58. Duijvestijn YC, Brand PL. Systematic review of N-acetylcysteine in cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatrica 1999;88:38-41.
59. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Clinical investigation of medicinal products in the paediatric population (ICH Topic E11). http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/ ich/271199en.pdf (Accessed October 15, 2007) 2001.
60. Halna M, Leblond P, Aissi E, Dumonceaux A, Delepoulle F, El Kohen R, Hue V, Martinot A. Impact of the consensus conference on outpatient treatment of infantbronchiolitis. Presse Médicale 2005;34:277-281
61. Harris RL, Riley HD. Reactions to aerosol medication in infants and children. Journal of the American Medical Association 1967;201:953-955
62. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JD, Altman G. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analysis. British Medical Journal 2003;327:557-560
63. Horen B, Montastruc J-L, Lapeyre-Mestre M. Adverse drug reactions and off-label drug use in paediatric outpatients. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2002;54:665-670
64. Horwitz RI, Feinstein AR. The problemof "protopathic bias" in case-control studies. The American Journal of Medicine 1980;68:255-258
65. Hughes J, Gill A, Leach HJ, Nunn AJ, Billingham I, Ratcliffe J, et al.A prospective study of the adverse effects of midazolam on withdrawal in critically ill children. Acta Paediatrica 1994;83:1194-1199 (Pubitemid 24348092)
66. Jadad AR, Moore A, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds JM, Gavaghan DJ, et al.Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?. Controlled Clinical Trials 1996;17:1-12. (Pubitemid 26120810)
67. Medici TC, Radielovic P. Effects of drugs on mucus glycoproteins and water in bronchial secretion. The Journal of International Medical Research 1979;7(5):434-442 (Pubitemid 10227470)
68. Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, et al.A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1981;30:239-245 [MEDLINE: 7249508] (Pubitemid 11140804)
69. Poole PJ, Black PN. Mucolytic agents for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1998, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001287.pub2]
70. Salas M, Hofman A, Strieker BHC. Confounding by Indication: An Example of Variation in the Use of Epidemiologic Terminology. American journal of epidemiology 1999;149:981-983 (Pubitemid 29246861)
71. Sanz EJ, Boada JN. Drug utilization by children in Tenerif Island. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1988;34:495-499
72. WHO Child Growth Standards. Weight-for-age. http://www.who.int/ childgrowth/standards/weight-for-age/en/index (Accessed August 1, 2007) 2007.
73. Wohl MEB. Developmental physiology of the respiratory system. In: Chernick V, Boat TF editor(s). Kendig's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children. Vol. 6th, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1998.