메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2539-2548

Differential responses to warming and increased precipitation among three contrasting grasshopper species

Author keywords

Climate change; Diapause; Grasshoppers; Grassland; Inner Mongolia; Phenology

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; DIAPAUSE; GRASSHOPPER; GRAZING PRESSURE; GROWING SEASON; HATCHING; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; PHENOLOGY;

EID: 70149105485     PISSN: 13541013     EISSN: 13652486     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01861.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 19344362534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and assemblage structure of phytophagous Hemiptera along a latitudinal gradient: Predicting the potential impacts of climate change
    • Andrew NR, Hughes L (2005) Diversity and assemblage structure of phytophagous Hemiptera along a latitudinal gradient: Predicting the potential impacts of climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14, 249-262.
    • (2005) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.14 , pp. 249-262
    • Andrew, N.R.1    Hughes, L.2
  • 2
    • 0036137345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivory in global climate change research: Direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
    • Bale JS, Masters GJ, Hodkinson ID et al. (2002) Herbivory in global climate change research: Direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global Change Biology, 8, 1-16.
    • (2002) Global Change Biology , vol.8 , pp. 1-16
    • Bale, J.S.1    Masters, G.J.2    Hodkinson, I.D.3
  • 3
    • 0035837356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emperor penguins and climate change
    • Barbraud C, Weimerskirch H (2001) Emperor penguins and climate change. Nature, 411, 183-186.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 183-186
    • Barbraud, C.1    Weimerskirch, H.2
  • 5
    • 0000141006 scopus 로고
    • Amphibian breeding and climate
    • Beebee TJC (1995) Amphibian breeding and climate. Nature, 374, 219-220.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 219-220
    • Beebee, T.J.C.1
  • 9
    • 0024901714 scopus 로고
    • Timing of lift-cycles in a seasonal environment: The temperature-dependence of embryogenesis and diapause in a grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg)
    • Cherrill A, Begon M (1989) Timing of lift-cycles in a seasonal environment: The temperature-dependence of embryogenesis and diapause in a grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg). Oecologia, 78, 237-241.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.78 , pp. 237-241
    • Cherrill, A.1    Begon, M.2
  • 10
    • 70149116456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of temperature, soil moisture, and ventilation on the eggs of the grasshopper Romalea guttata
    • Chladny TA, Whitman DW (1998) The effects of temperature, soil moisture, and ventilation on the eggs of the grasshopper Romalea guttata. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 91, 155-159.
    • (1998) Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science , vol.91 , pp. 155-159
    • Chladny, T.A.1    Whitman, D.W.2
  • 11
    • 0034626765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model
    • Cox PM, Betts RA, Jones CD, Spall SA, Totterdell IJ (2000) Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature, 408, 184-187.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 184-187
    • Cox, P.M.1    Betts, R.A.2    Jones, C.D.3    Spall, S.A.4    Totterdell, I.J.5
  • 12
    • 0038243032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter warming facilitates range expansion: Cold tolerance of the butterfly Atalopedes campestris
    • Crozier L (2003) Winter warming facilitates range expansion: Cold tolerance of the butterfly Atalopedes campestris. Oecologia, 135, 648-656.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , pp. 648-656
    • Crozier, L.1
  • 13
    • 1342268860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warmer winters drive butterfly range expansion by increasing survivorship
    • Crozier L (2004) Warmer winters drive butterfly range expansion by increasing survivorship. Ecology, 85, 231-241.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 231-241
    • Crozier, L.1
  • 14
    • 0035666999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and climate warming influences on New Zealand Nothofagus tree-line population dynamics
    • Cullen LE, Stewart GH, Duncan RP, Palmer JG (2001) Disturbance and climate warming influences on New Zealand Nothofagus tree-line population dynamics. Journal of Ecology, 89, 1061-1071.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1061-1071
    • Cullen, L.E.1    Stewart, G.H.2    Duncan, R.P.3    Palmer, J.G.4
  • 15
    • 0030484183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aulocara elliotti (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Diapause termination, postdiapause development and prediction of hatch
    • Fisher JR, Kemp WP, Pierson FB (1996) Aulocara elliotti (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Diapause termination, postdiapause development and prediction of hatch. Environmental Entomology, 25, 1158-1166.
    • (1996) Environmental Entomology , vol.25 , pp. 1158-1166
    • Fisher, J.R.1    Kemp, W.P.2    Pierson, F.B.3
  • 16
    • 0028977448 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between first flowering date and temperature in the flora of a locality in central England
    • Fitter A, Fitter R, Harris I, Williamson M (1995) Relationship between first flowering date and temperature in the flora of a locality in central England. Functional Ecology, 9, 55-60.
    • (1995) Functional Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 55-60
    • Fitter, A.1    Fitter, R.2    Harris, I.3    Williamson, M.4
  • 17
    • 0042131661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic trends and advancing spring flight of butterflies in lowland California
    • Forister ML, Shapiro AM (2003) Climatic trends and advancing spring flight of butterflies in lowland California. Global Change Biology, 9, 1130-1135.
    • (2003) Global Change Biology , vol.9 , pp. 1130-1135
    • Forister, M.L.1    Shapiro, A.M.2
  • 18
    • 32444438341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change, ice conditions and reproduction in an Arctic nesting marine bird: Brunnich's guillemot
    • Gaston AJ, Gilchrist HG, Hipfner M (2005) Climate change, ice conditions and reproduction in an Arctic nesting marine bird: Brunnich's guillemot. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74, 832-841.
    • (2005) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 832-841
    • Gaston, A.J.1    Gilchrist, H.G.2    Hipfner, M.3
  • 19
    • 0034900491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate warming and calling phenology of frogs near Ithaca, New York, 1900-1999
    • Gibbs J, Breisch A (2001) Climate warming and calling phenology of frogs near Ithaca, New York, 1900-1999. Conservation Biology, 15, 1175-1178.
    • (2001) Conservation Biology , vol.15 , pp. 1175-1178
    • Gibbs, J.1    Breisch, A.2
  • 20
    • 27544495511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenology and climate change: A long-term study in a Mediterranean locality
    • Gordo O, Sanz JJ (2005) Phenology and climate change: A long-term study in a Mediterranean locality. Oecologia, 146, 484-495.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.146 , pp. 484-495
    • Gordo, O.1    Sanz, J.J.2
  • 21
    • 0028237912 scopus 로고
    • Climate effects on mountain plants
    • Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (1994) Climate effects on mountain plants. Nature, 369, 448.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 448
    • Grabherr, G.1    Gottfried, M.2    Pauli, H.3
  • 22
    • 19344375048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • As the Antarctic ice pack recedes, a fragile ecosystem hangs in the balance
    • Gross L (2005) As the Antarctic ice pack recedes, a fragile ecosystem hangs in the balance. PLoS Biology, 3, e127.
    • (2005) PLoS Biology , vol.3
    • Gross, L.1
  • 23
    • 1842425562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature on the post-diapause embryonic development and the hatching time in three grasshopper species (Orthoptera, Acrididae)
    • Hao SG, Kang L (2004a) Effects of temperature on the post-diapause embryonic development and the hatching time in three grasshopper species (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 128, 95-101.
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Entomology , vol.128 , pp. 95-101
    • Hao, S.G.1    Kang, L.2
  • 24
    • 11144226805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postdiapause development and hatching rate of three grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Inner Mongolia
    • Hao SG, Kang L (2004b) Postdiapause development and hatching rate of three grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Inner Mongolia. Environmental Entomology, 33, 1528-1534.
    • (2004) , vol.33 , pp. 1528-1534
    • Hao, S.G.1    Kang, L.2
  • 25
    • 1842469082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of the eggs of the grasshopper Chorthippus fallax (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
    • Hao SG, Kang L (2004c) Supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of the eggs of the grasshopper Chorthippus fallax (Orthoptera: Acrididae). European Journal of Entomology, 101, 231-236.
    • (2004) European Journal of Entomology , vol.101 , pp. 231-236
    • Hao, S.G.1    Kang, L.2
  • 26
    • 0028977486 scopus 로고
    • Shifting dominance within a Montane vegetation community: Results of a climate-warming experiment
    • Harte J, Shaw R (1995) Shifting dominance within a Montane vegetation community: Results of a climate-warming experiment. Science, 267, 876-880.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 876-880
    • Harte, J.1    Shaw, R.2
  • 27
    • 34247637681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical changes in the phenology of British Odonata are related to climate
    • Hassall C, Thompson DJ, French GC, Harvey IF (2007) Historical changes in the phenology of British Odonata are related to climate. Global Change Biology, 13, 933-941.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 933-941
    • Hassall, C.1    Thompson, D.J.2    French, G.C.3    Harvey, I.F.4
  • 28
    • 0034144294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences of global warming: Is the signal already apparent?
    • Hughes L (2000) Biological consequences of global warming: Is the signal already apparent? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15, 56-61.
    • (2000) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.15 , pp. 56-61
    • Hughes, L.1
  • 29
    • 34247370602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland (http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf).
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers
  • 30
    • 0010336769 scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional analysis of resource utilization in assemblages of rangeland grasshoppers
    • Kang L, Chen YL (1994) Multidimensional analysis of resource utilization in assemblages of rangeland grasshoppers. Entomologia Sinica, 1, 264-282.
    • (1994) Entomologia Sinica , vol.1 , pp. 264-282
    • Kang, L.1    Chen, Y.L.2
  • 32
    • 31544483070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting impact of global warming on population dynamics and distribution of arthropods in Japan
    • Kiritani K (2006) Predicting impact of global warming on population dynamics and distribution of arthropods in Japan. Population Ecology, 48, 5-12.
    • (2006) Population Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 5-12
    • Kiritani, K.1
  • 33
    • 70149093304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional diferentiation of the Acridoidea ecofaunas in different vegetational zones (subzones) of Inner Mongolia region
    • Li HC, Hao SG, Kang L (2007) Regional diferentiation of the Acridoidea ecofaunas in different vegetational zones (subzones) of Inner Mongolia region. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 50, 361-375.
    • (2007) Acta Entomologica Sinica , vol.50 , pp. 361-375
    • Li, H.C.1    Hao, S.G.2    Kang, L.3
  • 34
    • 0033693435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of climate fluctuations on mountain environments in the Canadian Rockies
    • Luckman B, Kavanagh T (2000) Impact of climate fluctuations on mountain environments in the Canadian Rockies. Ambio, 29, 371-380.
    • (2000) Ambio , vol.29 , pp. 371-380
    • Luckman, B.1    Kavanagh, T.2
  • 36
    • 34248165622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenological responses of plants to climate change in an urban environment
    • Luo Z, Sun OJ, Ge Q, Xu W, Zheng J (2007) Phenological responses of plants to climate change in an urban environment. Ecological Research, 22, 507-514.
    • (2007) Ecological Research , vol.22 , pp. 507-514
    • Luo, Z.1    Sun, O.J.2    Ge, Q.3    Xu, W.4    Zheng, J.5
  • 37
    • 0031889253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of climate change on insect herbivores: Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera)
    • Masters GJ, Brown VK, Clarke IP, Whittaker JB (1998) Direct and indirect effects of climate change on insect herbivores: Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera). Ecological Entomology, 23, 45-52.
    • (1998) Ecological Entomology , vol.23 , pp. 45-52
    • Masters, G.J.1    Brown, V.K.2    Clarke, I.P.3    Whittaker, J.B.4
  • 38
    • 0034243784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in phenological phases in Europe between 1951 and 1996
    • Menzel A (2000) Trends in phenological phases in Europe between 1951 and 1996. International Journal of Biometeorology, 44, 76-81.
    • (2000) International Journal of Biometeorology , vol.44 , pp. 76-81
    • Menzel, A.1
  • 39
    • 0034794104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variability of the phenological seasons in Germany from 1951-1996
    • Menzel A, Estrella N, Fabian P (2001) Spatial and temporal variability of the phenological seasons in Germany from 1951-1996. Global Change Biology, 7, 657-666.
    • (2001) Global Change Biology , vol.7 , pp. 657-666
    • Menzel, A.1    Estrella, N.2    Fabian, P.3
  • 40
    • 0033602188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growing season extended in Europe
    • Menzel A, Fabian P (1999) Growing season extended in Europe. Nature, 397, 659.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 659
    • Menzel, A.1    Fabian, P.2
  • 41
    • 0000217417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature elevation on the population dynamics of the upland heather psyllid Strophingia ericae (Curtis) (Homoptera: Psylloidea)
    • Miles JE, Bale JS, Hodkinson ID (1997) Effects of temperature elevation on the population dynamics of the upland heather psyllid Strophingia ericae (Curtis) (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Global Change Biology, 3, 291-297.
    • (1997) Global Change Biology , vol.3 , pp. 291-297
    • Miles, J.E.1    Bale, J.S.2    Hodkinson, I.D.3
  • 42
    • 1842625657 scopus 로고
    • A model for estimating hatch and mortality of grasshopper egg populations based on soil moisture and heat
    • Mukerji MK, Gage SH (1978) A model for estimating hatch and mortality of grasshopper egg populations based on soil moisture and heat. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 71, 183-190.
    • (1978) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.71 , pp. 183-190
    • Mukerji, M.K.1    Gage, S.H.2
  • 43
    • 34547787183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insects in a warmer world: Ecological, physiological and life-history responses of true bugs (Heteroptera) to climate change
    • Musolin DL (2007) Insects in a warmer world: Ecological, physiological and life-history responses of true bugs (Heteroptera) to climate change. Global Change Biology, 13, 1565-1585.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1565-1585
    • Musolin, D.L.1
  • 45
    • 34548398581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming
    • Parmesan C (2007) Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming. Global Change Biology, 13, 1860-1872.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1860-1872
    • Parmesan, C.1
  • 46
    • 0033542411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming
    • Parmesan C, Ryrholm N, Stefanescu C et al. (1999) Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature, 399, 579-583.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 579-583
    • Parmesan, C.1    Ryrholm, N.2    Stefanescu, C.3
  • 47
    • 0037413628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
    • Parmesan C, Yohe G (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421, 37-42.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 37-42
    • Parmesan, C.1    Yohe, G.2
  • 48
    • 0011871541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent odonata records from southern Florida: Effects of global warming
    • Paulson DR (2001) Recent odonata records from southern Florida: Effects of global warming. International Journal of Odonatology, 4, 57-69.
    • (2001) International Journal of Odonatology , vol.4 , pp. 57-69
    • Paulson, D.R.1
  • 49
    • 0033560891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain
    • Pounds JA, Fogden MPL, Campbell JH (1999) Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature, 398, 611-615.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 611-615
    • Pounds, J.A.1    Fogden, M.P.L.2    Campbell, J.H.3
  • 51
    • 34547743202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate change on the Heteropteran community in calcareous grasslands
    • Roth S, Masters G (2000) Effects of climate change on the Heteropteran community in calcareous grasslands. British Ecological Society Grant Report Database http://www.britishecologicalsociety.org/articles/grants/ reports/1859/.
    • (2000) British Ecological Society Grant Report Database
    • Roth, S.1    Masters, G.2
  • 52
    • 0034036730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenology of British butterflies and climate change
    • Roy DB, Sparks TH (2000) Phenology of British butterflies and climate change. Global Change Biology, 6, 407-416.
    • (2000) Global Change Biology , vol.6 , pp. 407-416
    • Roy, D.B.1    Sparks, T.H.2
  • 53
    • 0032699071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-related change in an intertidal community over short and long time scales
    • Sagarin RD, Barry JP, Gilman SE, Baxter CH (1999) Climate-related change in an intertidal community over short and long time scales. Ecological Monographs, 69, 465-490.
    • (1999) Ecological Monographs , vol.69 , pp. 465-490
    • Sagarin, R.D.1    Barry, J.P.2    Gilman, S.E.3    Baxter, C.H.4
  • 54
    • 0034674741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of a global climate cycle on population dynamics of a migratory songbird
    • Sillett TS, Holmes RT, Sherry TW (2000) Impacts of a global climate cycle on population dynamics of a migratory songbird. Science, 288, 2040-2042.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 2040-2042
    • Sillett, T.S.1    Holmes, R.T.2    Sherry, T.W.3
  • 55
    • 0028591525 scopus 로고
    • Vascular plants as bioindicators of regional warming in Antarctica
    • Smith RIL (1994) Vascular plants as bioindicators of regional warming in Antarctica. Oecologia, 99, 322-328.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.99 , pp. 322-328
    • Smith, R.I.L.1
  • 56
    • 0033587045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birds extend their ranges northwards
    • Thomas CD, Lennon JJ (1999) Birds extend their ranges northwards. Nature, 399, 213.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 213
    • Thomas, C.D.1    Lennon, J.J.2
  • 57
    • 34547788794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting adaptation of phenology in response to climate change, an insect herbivore example
    • van Asch M, van Tienderen PH, Holleman LJM, Visser ME (2007) Predicting adaptation of phenology in response to climate change, an insect herbivore example. Global Change Biology, 13, 1596-1604.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1596-1604
    • van Asch, M.1    van Tienderen, P.H.2    Holleman, L.J.M.3    Visser, M.E.4
  • 58
    • 34547802724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using functional groups to investigate community response to environmental changes: Two grassland case studies
    • Voigt W, Perner J, Hefin Jones T (2007) Using functional groups to investigate community response to environmental changes: Two grassland case studies. Global Change Biology, 13, 1710-1721.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1710-1721
    • Voigt, W.1    Perner, J.2    Hefin Jones, T.3
  • 59
    • 0034984627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative roles of top down and bottom up forces in terrestrial tritrophic plant-insect herbivore-natrual enemy systems
    • Walker M, Hones TH (2001) Relative roles of top down and bottom up forces in terrestrial tritrophic plant-insect herbivore-natrual enemy systems. Oikos, 93, 177-187.
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.93 , pp. 177-187
    • Walker, M.1    Hones, T.H.2
  • 60
    • 0037187586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological responses to recent climate change
    • Walther G-R, Post E, Convey P et al. (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature, 416, 389-395.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 389-395
    • Walther, G.-R.1    Post, E.2    Convey, P.3
  • 61
    • 0001443890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of growing-season length variability on carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration over 88 years in the eastern US deciduous forest
    • White MA, Running SW, Thornton PE (1999) The impact of growing-season length variability on carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration over 88 years in the eastern US deciduous forest. International Journal of Biometeorology, 42, 139-145.
    • (1999) International Journal of Biometeorology , vol.42 , pp. 139-145
    • White, M.A.1    Running, S.W.2    Thornton, P.E.3
  • 64
    • 34248513719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the embryonic stages of overwintering eggs of eight grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Inner Mongolian grasslands
    • Zhao YX, Hao SG, Kang L (2005) Variations in the embryonic stages of overwintering eggs of eight grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Inner Mongolian grasslands. Zoological Studies, 44, 536-542.
    • (2005) Zoological Studies , vol.44 , pp. 536-542
    • Zhao, Y.X.1    Hao, S.G.2    Kang, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.