Cowpox virus outbreak in banded mongooses (mungos mungo) and jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) with a time-delayed infection to humans

PLoS ONE

Volumn 4, Issue 9, 2009, Pages

  Kurth, Andreas ^a   Straube, Martin ^b   Kucska, Annette ^c   Dunsche, Anton Josef ^d   Meyer, Hermann ^e   Nitsche, Andreas ^a  

^a ROBERT KOCH INSTITUTE   (Germany)

^b Krefelder Zoo GmbH   (Germany)

^c Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Rhein Ruhr Wupper CVUA RRW Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts   (Germany)

^d STÄDTISCHES KLINIKUM KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

^e BUNDESWEHR INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; MARBOFLOXACIN; MODIFIED VACCINIA VIRUS ANKARA 5T4 VACCINE;

ANIMAL TISSUE; APATHY; ARTICLE; CARNIVORA; COWPOX; COWPOX VIRUS; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EPIDEMIC; EXOTIC SPECIES; FEMALE; FOOD HANDLING; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; MALE; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; PREVALENCE; SKIN DEFECT; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS STRAIN; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; ZOONOSIS; ANIMAL; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FELIDAE; METABOLISM; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RAT; RISK; TIME;

ANIMALIA; COWPOX VIRUS; HERPAILURUS; HERPAILURUS YAGUARONDI; MUNGOS MUNGO; RATTUS; RODENTIA; VARIOLA VIRUS;

ANIMALS; COWPOX; COWPOX VIRUS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FELIDAE; FEMALE; HERPESTIDAE; HUMANS; MALE; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RATS; RISK; TIME FACTORS; ZOONOSES;

EID: 70149096643     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006883     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Potel K, Voigt A, Hiepe T, Kronberger H, Heider G, et al. (1963) Eine bösartige Haut- und Schleimhauterkrankung bei Elefanten. Der Zoologische Garten 27: 1-103.
2. Fenner F, Wittek R, Dumbell KR (1989) The Orthopoxviruses. San Diego: Academic Press, INC.
3. Essbauer S, Meyer H (2007) Genus Orthopoxvirus: Cowpox Virus. In: Mercer AA, Schmidt A, Weber O, eds (2007) Poxviruses. Basel: Birkhäuser. pp 75-88.
4. Wisser J, Pilaski J, Strauss G, Meyer H, Burck G, et al. (2001) Cowpox virus infection causing stillbirth in an Asian elephant (Elphas maximus). Vet Rec 149: 244-246.
5. Marennikova SS, Maltseva NN, Korneeva VI, Garanina N (1977) Outbreak of pox disease among carnivora (felidae) and edentata. J Infect Dis 135: 358-366.
6. Marennikova SS, Shelukhina EM, Fimina VA (1978) Pox infection in white rats. Lab Anim 12: 33-36.
7. Maiboroda AD (1982) Experimental infection of Norvegian rats (Rattus norvegicus) with ratpox virus. Acta Virol 26: 288-291.
8. Kurth A, Wibbelt G, Gerber HP, Petschaelis A, Pauli G, et al. (2008) Rat-to-Elephant-to-Human Transmission of Cowpox Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 670-671.
9. Baxby D, Bennett M (1997) Cowpox: a re-evaluation of the risks of human cowpox based on new epidemiological information. Arch Virol Suppl 13: 1-12.
10. Pelkonen PM, Tarvainen K, Hynninen A, Kallio ER, Henttonen K, et al. (2003) Cowpox with severe generalized eruption, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 1458-1461.
11. Coras B, Essbauer S, Pfeffer M, Meyer H, Schroder J, et al. (2005) Cowpox and a cat. Lancet 365: 446.
12. Sandvik T, Tryland M, Hansen H, Mehl R, Moens U, et al. (1998) Naturally occurring orthopoxviruses: potential for recombination with vaccine vectors. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2542-2547.
13. Bennett M, Crouch AJ, Begon M, Duffy B, Feore S, et al. (1997) Cowpox in British voles and mice. J Comp Pathol 116: 35-44.
14. Martina BE, van DG, Dorrestein GM, Niesters HG, Stittelaar KJ, et al. (2006) Cowpox virus transmission from rats to monkeys, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1005-1007.
15. Marennikova SS, Shelukhina EM (1976) White rats as source of pox infection in carnivora of the family Felidae. Acta Virol 20: 442.
16. Begon M, Hazel SM, Baxby D, Bown K, Cavanagh R, et al. (1999) Transmission dynamics of a zoonotic pathogen within and between wildlife host species. Proc Biol Sci 266: 1939-1945.
17. Eis-Hubinger AM, Gerritzen A, Schneweis KE, Pfeiff B, Pullmann H, et al. (1990) Fatal cowpox-like virus infection transmitted by cat. Lancet 336: 880.
18. Hentschke J, Meyer H, Wittstatt U, Ochs A, Burkhardt S, et al. (1999) Kuhpocken bei kanadischen Bibern (Castor fiver canadensis) und Katzenbären (Ailurus fulgens). Tierärztl Umschau 54: 311-317.
19. Baxby D, Ashton DG, Jones DM, Thomsett LR (1982) An outbreak of cowpox in captive cheetahs: virological and epidemiological studies. J Hyg (Lond) 89: 365-372.
20. Pastoret PP, Bennett M, Brochier B, Akakpo AJ (2000) Animals, public health and the example of cowpox. Rev Sci Tech 19: 23-32.
21. Muller T, Henning K, Kramer M, Czerny CP, Meyer H, et al. (1996) Seroprevalence of orthopox virus specific antibodies in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Federal State Brandenburg, Germany. J Wildl Dis 32: 348-353.
22. Yang G, Pevear DC, Davies MH, Collett MS, Bailey T, et al. (2005) An orally bioavailable antipoxvirus compound (ST-246) inhibits extracellular virus formation and protects mice from lethal orthopoxvirus Challenge. J Virol 79: 13139-13149.
23. Kurth A, Nitsche A (2007) Fast and reliable diagnostic methods for the detection of human poxvirus infections. Future Virology 2: 467-479.
24. Biel SS, Gelderblom HR (1999) Electron Microscopy of Viruses. In: Cann A, ed (1999) Virus Cell Culture - A Practical Approach;Oxford University Press, 11-47.
25. Nakano JH, Esposito JJ (1989) Poxviruses. In: Lennette EH, Schmidt N, eds (1989) Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Clamydial Infections. Washington DC: American Public Health Association. pp 257-308.
26. Nitsche A, Ellerbrok H, Pauli G (2004) Detection of orthopoxvirus DNA by real-time PCR and identification of variola virus DNA by melting analysis. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1207-1213.
27. Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406-425.
28. Pilaski J, Jacoby F (1993) Die Kuhpocken-Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verh ber Erkrg Zootiere 35: 39-50.
29. Kubin G, Koelbl O, Gerstl F (1975) Charakterisierung eines vom Elefanten isolierten Pockenvirusstammes. Wien Tieraerztl Mschr 62: 271-276.
30. Basse A, Freundt EA, Hansen JF (1964) Ein Ausbruch von Pockenkrankheit bei Okapis im Kopenhagener Zoo. Verh ber Erkrg Zootiere 6: 55-62.
31. Zwart P, Gispen R, Peters JC (1971) Cowpox in Okapis (Okapia johnstoni) at Rotterdam. Zoo Br vet J 127: 20-23.
32. Eulenberger K, Bernhard A, Nieper H, Scheller R, Meyer H, et al. (2005) An outbreak of cowpox virus infection in a black rhino (Diceros bicornis) at Leipzig Zoo. Verh ber Erkrg Zootiere 42: 77-85.
33. Schüppel KF, Menger S, Eulenberger K, Bernhard A, Pilaski J (1997) Kuhpockeninfektion bei Alpakas (Lama glama pacos). Verh ber Erkrg Zootiere 38: 259-264.
34. Kik MJ, Liu PL, van Asten JA (2006) Cowpoxvirus infection in the Patagonian cavy (Dolichotis patagonum) emerging disease in an educational animal park the first reported case. Vet Q 28: 42-44.
35. Matz-Rensing K, Ellerbrok H, Ehlers B, Pauli G, Floto A, et al. (2006) Fatal poxvirus outbreak in a colony of New World monkeys. Vet Pathol 43: 212-218.
36. Wolfs TF, Wagenaar JA, Niesters HG, Osterhaus AD (2002) Rat-to-human transmission of Cowpox infection. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 1495-1496.
37. Schaudien D, Meyer H, Grunwald D, Janssen H, Wohlsein P (2007) Concurrent infection of a cat with cowpox virus and feline parvovirus. J Comp Pathol 137: 151-154.