Naturopathic care for anxiety: A randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974

PLoS ONE

Volumn 4, Issue 8, 2009, Pages

  Cooley, Kieran ^a,b   Szczurko, Orest ^a,b   Perri, Dan ^b   Mills, Edward J ^a,c   Bernhardt, Bob ^a   Zhou, Qi ^c   Seely, Dugald ^a  

^a CANADIAN COLLEGE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HERBACEOUS AGENT; MULTIVITAMIN; PLACEBO; PLANT EXTRACT;

ADULT; ADVERSE OUTCOME; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; BECK ANXIETY INVENTORY; BREATHING EXERCISE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FATIGUE; FATIGUE SYMPTOM INVENTORY; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HAIR LOSS; HERBAL MEDICINE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASURE YOURSELF MEDICAL OUTCOMES PROFILE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL OVERSTIMULATION; MULTICENTER STUDY; MUSCLE CRAMP; NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PLANT ROOT; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOTHERAPY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RASH; RELAXATION TRAINING; SHORT FORM 36; SOCIAL STATUS; WEIRD SENSATION; ANXIETY; CHEMISTRY; MIDDLE AGED; WITHANIA;

WITHANIA SOMNIFERA;

ADULT; ANXIETY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NATUROPATHY; PLACEBOS; PLANT EXTRACTS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; WITHANIA;

EID: 69949168009     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006628     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Ustun TB, Sartorius N, eds (1995) Mental illness in general health care: an international study. Chichester, England: Wiley Press.
2. Lepine JP (2002) The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: prevalence and societal costs. J Clin Psychiatry 63 Suppl 14: 4-8.
3. Alonso J, Lepine JP (2007) Overview of Key Data From the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). J Clin Psychiatry 68: 3-9.
4. Brawman-Mintzer O, Yonkers KA (2004) New trends in the treatment of anxiety disorders. CNS Spectr 9: 19-27.
5. Howell HB, Brawman-Mintzer O, Monnier J, Yonkers KA (2001) Generalized anxiety disorder in women. Psychiatr Clin North Am 24: 165-178.
6. Marciniak M, Lage MJ, Landbloom RP, Dunayevich E, Bowman L (2004) Medical and productivity costs of anxiety disorders: case control study. Depress Anxiety 19: 112-120.
7. Rafferty AP, McGee HB, Miller CE, Reyes M (2002) Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use: state-specific estimates from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Am J Public Health 92: 1598-1600.
8. Brown RP, Gerbarg PL (2001) Herbs and nutrients in the treatment of depression, anxiety, insomnia, migraine, and obesity. J Psychiatr Pract 7: 75-91.
9. Krisanaprakornkit T, Krisanaprakornkit W, Piyavhatkul N, Laopaiboon M (2006) Meditation therapy for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. pp CD004998.
10. Roy-Byrne PP, Bystritsky A, Russo J, Craske MG, Sherbourne CD, et al. (2005) Use of herbal medicine in primary care patients with mood and anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics 46: 117-122.
11. Pittler MH, Ernst E (2003) Kava extract for treating anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. pp CD003383.
12. Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Fisher P, Richardson J (2006) Homeopathy for anxiety and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of the research. Homeopathy 95: 151-162.
13. Furukawa T, Watanabe N, Churchill R (2007) Combined psychotherapy plus antidepressants for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. pp CD004364.
14. Borgerson K (2005) Evidence-based alternative medicine? Perspect Biol Med 48: 502-515
15. Elder C, Aickin M, Bell IR, Fonnebo V, Lewith GT, et al. (2006) Methodological challenges in whole systems research. J Altern Complement Med 12: 843-850.
16. Timmermans S, Berg M (2003) The gold standard: The challenge of evidence based medicine and standardization in health care. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
17. Verhoef MJ, Lewith G, Ritenbaugh C, Boon H, Fleishman S, et al. (2005) Complementary and alternative medicine whole systems research: beyond identification of inadequacies of the RCT. Complement Ther Med 13: 206-212.
18. Hotopf M, Churchill R, Lewis G (1999) Pragmatic randomised controlled trials in psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 175: 217-223.
19. Smith MJ, Logan AC (2002) Naturopathy. Med Clin North Am 86: 173-184.
20. Somer E, Tamir E, Maguen S, Litz BT (2005) Brief cognitive-behavioral phone-based intervention targeting anxiety about the threat of attack: a pilot study. Behav Res Ther 43: 669-679.
21. Leahy RL (2003) Cognitive therapy techniques: a practitioner's guide. London: The Gilford Press.
22. Faragher EB, Cass M, Cooper CL (2005) The relationship between job satisfaction and health: a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 62: 105-112.
23. Monograph. Withania somnifera. Altern Med Rev 9: 211-214.
24. Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S (2000) Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev 5: 334-346.
25. Archana R, Namasivayam A (1999) Antistressor effect of Withania somnifera. J Ethnopharmacol 64: 91-93.
26. Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Sairam K, Ghosal S (2000) Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides: an experimental study. Phytomedicine 7: 463-469.
27. Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV (2003) Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75: 547-555.
28. Singh B, Chandan BK, Gupta DK (2003) Adaptogenic activity of a novel withanolide-free aqueous fraction from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun. (Part II). Phytother Res 17: 531-536.
29. Dhuley JN (1998) Effect of ashwagandha on lipid peroxidation in stress-induced animals. J Ethnopharmacol 60: 173-178.
30. Seely D, Singh R (2007) Adaptogenic Potential of a Polyherbal Natural Health Product: Report on a Longitudinal Clinical Trial. eCAM 4: 75-80.
31. Grunze H, Langosch J, von Loewenich C, Walden J (2000) Modulation of neural cell membrane conductance by the herbal anxiolytic and antiepileptic drug aswal. Neuropsychobiology 42 Suppl 1: 28-32.
32. Rainey JM Jr, Frohman CE, Freedman RR, Pohl RB, Ettedgui E, et al. (1984) Specificity of lactate infusion as a model of anxiety. Psychopharmacol Bull 20: 45-49.
33. Straznicky NE, Louis WJ, McGrade P, Howes LG (1993) The effects of dietary lipid modification on blood pressure, cardiovascular reactivity and sympathetic activity in man. J Hypertens 11: 427-437.
34. Monteiro MG, Schuckit MA, Irwin M (1990) Subjective feelings of anxiety in young men after ethanol and diazepam infusions. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 12-16.
35. Ritenbaugh C, Verhoef M, Fleishman S, Boon H, Leis A (2003) Whole systems research: a discipline for studying complementary and alternative medicine. Altern Ther Health Med 9: 32-36.
36. Canada H (2009) Natural Health Product Regulations.
37. Erickson DH, Janeck AS, Tallman K (2007) A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatr Serv 58: 1205-1211.
38. Osman A, Kopper BA, Barrios F, Gutierrez PM, Bagge CL (2004) Reliability and validity of the Beck depression inventory - II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Psychol Assess 16: 120-132.
39. Herman PM, Szczurko O, Cooley K, Mills EJ (2008) Cost-effectiveness of naturopathic care for chronic low back pain. Altern Ther Health Med 14: 32-39.
40. Szczurko O, Cooley PK, Busse JW, Seely D, Bernhardt B, et al. (2007) Naturopathic care for chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Public Library of Science - One In press.
41. Kick SD, Bell JA, Norris JM, Steiner JF (1994) Validation of two anxiety scales in a university primary care clinic. Psychosom Med 56: 570-576.
42. Ware JJE (1996) The SF-36 health survey. In: Spilker B, ed (1996) Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials. Philidelphia: Lippencott-Raven. pp 337-345.
43. Hann DM, Jacobsen PB, Azerello LM, Martin SC, Curran SL, et al. (1998) Measurement of fatigue in cancer patients: development and validation of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory. Quality of Life Research 7: 301-310.
44. Paterson C, Britten N (2000) In pursuit of patient-centred outcomes: a qualitative evaluation of the 'Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile'. J Health Serv Res Policy 5: 27-36.
45. Paterson C, Langan CE, McKaig GA, Anderson PM, Maclaine GD, et al. (2000) Assessing patient outcomes in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: the measure your medical outcome profile (MYMOP), medical outcomes study 6-item general health survey (MOS-6A) and EuroQol (EQ-5D). Qual Life Res 9: 521-527.
46. Paterson C (1996) Measuring outcomes in primary care: a patient generated measure, MYMOP, compared with the SF-36 health survey. Bmj 312: 1016-1020.
47. Jonas WB, Lewith G, Walach H (2002) Balanced research strategies for complementary and alternative medicine. In: Lewith G, Jonas WB, Walach H, eds (2002) Clinical research in complementary therapies: principles, problems and solutions. Toronto: Churchill Livingstone. pp 3-27.
48. Rosner B (2001) Fundamentals of biostatistics.
49. Bower P, Rowland N, Hardy R (2003) The clinical effectiveness of counselling in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 33: 203-215.
50. Nutt DJ, Kessler RC, Alonso J, Benbow A, Lecrubier Y, et al. (2007) Consensus statement on the benefit to the community of ESEMeD (European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders) survey data on depression and anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 68 Suppl 2: 42-48.
51. Godwin M, Ruhland L, Casson I, MacDonald S, Delva D, et al. (2003) Pragmatic controlled clinical trials in primary care: the struggle between external and internal validity. BMC Med Res Methodol 3: 28.
52. van der Windt DA, Koes BW, van Aarst M, Heemskerk MA, Bouter LM (2000) Practical aspects of conducting a pragmatic randomised trial in primary care: patient recruitment and outcome assessment. Br J Gen Pract 50: 371-374.
53. Sarris J (2007) Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Phytother Res 21: 703-716.
54. Le CP (2001) Health and numbers: a problem-based introduction to biostatistics. Toronto: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.